प्रयोग:फ़ौज़िया: Difference between revisions
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|[[गुजरात]]-[[सिंध प्रांत|सिन्ध]] | |[[गुजरात]]-[[सिंध प्रांत|सिन्ध]] | ||
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==कार्बन== | |||
{{Elementbox | |||
|name=कार्बन | |||
|symbol=C | |||
|number=6 | |||
|pronounce= | |||
|left=[[बोरोन]] | |||
|right=[[नाइट्रोजन]] | |||
|above=- | |||
|below=[[सिलिकॉन]] | |||
|series=अधातु | |||
|series comment= | |||
|group=14 | |||
|period=2 | |||
|block=p | |||
|series color= | |||
|phase color= | |||
|appearance=साफ़ ([[हीरा]]), [[काला रंग|काला]] ([[ग्रेफाइट]]) | |||
|image name=Blank-1.gif | |||
|image size= | |||
|image name comment= | |||
|image name 2=Blank-1.gif | |||
|image size 2= | |||
|image name 2 comment=कार्बन के वर्णक्रम रेखाएँ | |||
|atomic mass=12.0107 | |||
|atomic mass 2=8 | |||
|atomic mass comment= | |||
|electron configuration=1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>2</sup> or [He] 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>2</sup> | |||
|electrons per shell=2,4 | |||
|color= | |||
|phase=ठोस | |||
|phase comment= | |||
|density gplstp=अमोरफॉस:<ref>Lide, D. R., ed. (2005), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.), Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press, ISBN 0-8493-0486-5</ref> 1.8–2.1 g·cm<sup>−3</sup> | |||
|density gpcm3nrt=ग्रेफाइट: 2.267 g·cm<sup>−3</sup> | |||
|density gpcm3nrt 3=हीरा: 3.515 g·cm<sup>−3</sup> | |||
|density gpcm3mp= | |||
|melting point K= | |||
|melting point C= | |||
|melting point F= | |||
|melting point pressure= | |||
|sublimation point K=3915 | |||
|sublimation point C= 3642 | |||
|sublimation point F=6588 | |||
|sublimation point pressure= | |||
|boiling point K=20.28 | |||
|boiling point C=-252.87 | |||
|boiling point F=-423.17 | |||
|boiling point pressure= | |||
|triple point K=4600 | |||
|triple point kPa=10800 <ref>Haaland, D (1976). "Graphite-liquid-vapor triple point pressure and the density of liquid carbon". Carbon 14: 357</ref> <ref>Savvatimskiy, A (2005). "Measurements of the melting point of graphite and the properties of liquid carbon (a review for 1963–2003)". Carbon 43: 1115.</ref> | |||
|triple point K 2= | |||
|triple point kPa 2= | |||
|critical point K=32.97 | |||
|critical point MPa=1.293 | |||
|heat fusion=117 (ग्रेफाइट) | |||
|heat fusion 2= | |||
|heat fusion pressure= | |||
|heat vaporization= | |||
|heat vaporization pressure= | |||
|heat capacity= | |||
|heat capacity pressure= | |||
|vapor pressure comment= | |||
|crystal structure= | |||
|oxidation states=4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4 | |||
|oxidation states comment= | |||
|electronegativity=2.55 | |||
|number of ionization energies=3 | |||
|1st ionization energy=1086.5 | |||
|2nd ionization energy=2352.6 | |||
|3rd ionization energy=4620.5 | |||
|atomic radius= | |||
|atomic radius calculated= | |||
|covalent radius=77(sp<sup>3</sup>), 73(sp<sup>2</sup>), 69(sp) | |||
|Van der Waals radius=170 | |||
|magnetic ordering=[[प्रतिचुम्बकीय]]<ref>Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.</ref> | |||
|electrical resistivity= | |||
|electrical resistivity at 0= | |||
|electrical resistivity at 20= | |||
|thermal conductivity=(300 K) 119-165 (ग्रेफाइट), 900-2300 (हीरा) | |||
|thermal conductivity 2= | |||
|thermal diffusivity= | |||
|thermal expansion= | |||
|thermal expansion at 25= | |||
|speed of sound=(20 °C) 18350 (हीरा) | |||
|speed of sound rod at 20= | |||
|speed of sound rod at r.t.= | |||
|Tensile strength= | |||
|Young's modulus=1050 (हीरा) | |||
|Shear modulus=478 (हीरा) | |||
|Bulk modulus=442 (हीरा) | |||
|Poisson ratio=0.1 (हीरा) | |||
|Mohs hardness=1-2 (ग्रेफाइट), 10 (हीरा) | |||
|Vickers hardness= | |||
|Brinell hardness= | |||
|CAS number=7440-44-0 | |||
|isotopes= | |||
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=12 | sym=C | na=98.9% | n=6 }} | |||
{{Elementbox_isotopes_stable | mn=13 | sym=C | na=1.1% | n=7 | link= }} | |||
{{Elementbox_isotopes_decay | mn=14 | sym=C | na=[[Trace radioisotope|ट्रेस]] | hl=5730 [[years|y]] | dm=[[beta minus decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.156 | pn=14 | ps=[[Nitrogen|N]] | link=Tritium }} | |||
}} | |||
==टीका टिप्पणी और संदर्भ== | |||
<references/> | |||
Revision as of 12:29, 29 September 2010
महमूद गजनवी के 17 आक्रमण
| क्रम | ईसवी | आक्रमण |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1000 | काबुल |
| 2 | 1001–1002 | पेशावर वैहिन्द |
| 3 | 1004–1005 | भाटिया |
| 4 | 1006 | मुल्तान |
| 5 | 1007–1008 | आनन्दपाल की हार |
| 6 | 1009 | नारायणपुरा |
| 7 | 1010 | मुल्तान |
| 8 | 1010–1012 | थानेश्वर |
| 9 | 1013–14 | हिन्दूशाही राजधानी उदभाण्डपुर |
| 10 | 1015–1016 | लोहकोट कश्मीर |
| 11 | 1018–1019 | मथुरा, कन्नौज शाखा |
| 12 | 1020–1021 | त्रिलोचनपाल तथा प्रतिहार राजा पराजित |
| 13 | 1021–1022 | लोहकोट कश्मीर |
| 14 | 1022–1023 | ग्वालियर, कालिंजर |
| 15 | 1025–1026 | सोमनाथ |
| 16 | 1027 | गुजरात-सिन्ध |
कार्बन
- REDIRECTसाँचा:Infobox element