अमृतसर

amritasar shahar, zile ka prashasanik mukhyalay, panjab rajy, pashchimottar bharat mean sthit hai. amritasar pakistani sima par, panjab ka sabase b da nagar hai. yah guroo ramadas ka dera hua karata tha. amritasar anek trasadiyoan aur dardanak ghatanaoan ka gavah raha hai. bharatiy svatantrata sangram ka sabase bada narasanhar amritasar ke jaliyaanvala bag mean hi hua tha. isake bad bharat-pakistan ke bich jo bantavara hua us samay bhi amritasar mean bada hatyakaand hua. yahian nahian aphagan aur mugal shasakoan ne isake oopar anek akraman kie aur isako barbad kar diya. isake bavajood sikkhoan ne apane dridh sankalp aur majaboot ichchhashakti se dobara isako basaya. halaanki amritasar mean samay ke sath kaphi badalav ae haian lekin aj bhi amrisatar ki garima barakarar hai. yah apani sanskriti aur l daiyoan ke lie bahut prasiddh raha hai. amritasar bhi ek lokapriy paryatak sthal hai. tajamahal ke bad sabase jyada paryatak amritasar ke svarn mandir ko hi dekhane ate haian.

sthapana

sima se lagabhag 50 kimi door sthit amritasar ek pramukh vyaparik v saanskritik keandr hai. 1577 mean sikkhoan ke chauthe guru ramadas ne amrit saras namak ek pavitr sarovar, jisake nam par is shahar ka namakaran hua, ke kinare amritasar ki sthapana ki thi. is talab ke thik madhy mean tapoo par ek mandir banaya gaya tha, jisake taanbe ke guanbad ko bad mean svarn-pataroan se madh diya gaya, is mandir ka nam haramandir sahab ya svarn mandir rakha gaya. ab amritasar sikkh dharm ka keandr ban gaya hai. ubharati huee sikkh shakti ke keandr ke sath-sath yah shahar vyapar ke kshetr mean bhi mahattvapoorn banata gaya.

itihas

1849 mean amritasar ko british bharat mean mila diya gaya. 13 aprail 1919 ko shahar ke jis jaliyaanvala bag mean ek rajanitik sabha par british sena ne aandhadhuandh goliyaan chalakar 379 logoan ki hatya kar di thi tatha isase bhi adhik logoan ko ghayal kar diya tha, use ab rashtriy smarak bana diya gaya hai. 1984 mean amritasar mean ek aur hiansak rajanitik sangharsh hua, jab svarn mandir mean morchaband saik doan sikkh alagavavadiyoan par bharatiy sena ne hamala kiya. paraspar virodhi sootroan ke anusar, is sangharsh mean 450 se 1,200 log mare gaye the.

---

kianvadanti hai, ki ramayan kal mean amritasar ke sthan par ek ghana van tha, jahaan ek sarovar bhi sthit tha. shriramachandr ke putr lav aur kush akhet ke lie ek bar yahaan par akar sarovar ke tir par kuchh samay ke lie thahare the. aitihasik samay mean sikkhoan ke adiguru nanak ne bhi is sthan ke prakritik sauanndary se akrisht hokar yahaan kuchh der ke lie ek vriksh ke niche vishram tatha dhyan kiya tha. yah vriksh vartaman sarovar ke nikat aj bhi dikhaya jata hai. tisare guru ramadas ne nanakadev ka is sthan se sambandh hone ke karan yahaan ek mandir banavane ka vichar kiya. 1564 ee. mean chauthe guru ramadas ne vartaman amritasar nagar ki nianv dali aur svayan bhi yahaan par akar rahane lage. is samay is nagar ko ramadasapur ya chak-ramadas kahate the. 1577 mean mugal samrat akabar ne ramadas ko 500 bigha bhoomi nagar ko basane ke lie di, jo unhoanne tuang ke zamidaroan ko 700 rupaye akabari dekar kharidi. kaha jata hai, ki sarovar ke pavitr jal mean snan karane se ek kauve ke par shvet ho ge the aur kodhi ka rog jata raha tha. is dantakatha se akrisht hokar sahasroan log yahaan ane-jane lage aur nagar ki abadi bhi badhane lagi. 1589 ne guru arjun dev ke ek shishy shekhamiyaan mir ne sarovar ke bich mean sthit vartaman svarn-mandir ki nianv dali. mandir ke charoan or char daravazoan ka prabandh kiya gaya tha. yah guru nanak ke udar dharmik vicharoan ka pratik samajha gaya. mandir mean guru-granth-sahib ki, jisaka sangrah guru arjun dev ne kiya tha, sthapana ki gee thi. sarovar ko gahara karavane aur parivardhit karane ka kary baboo boodha namak vyakti ko sauanpa gaya tha aur inhean hi granth-sahab ka pratham granthi banaya gaya. 1757 ee. mean vir saradar baba dipasianh ji ne musalamanoan ke adhikar se is mandir ko chhu daya, kintu ve unake sath l date hue viragati ko prapt hue. unhoanne apane adhakate sir ko sambhalate hue anek shatruoan ko maut ke ghat utara. unaki dudhari talavar mandir ke sangrahalay mean surakshit hai. svarn-mandir ke nikat baba atalaray ka gurudvara hai. ye chhathe guru haragovind ke putr the, aur nau varsh ki ayu mean hi sant samajhe jane lage the. unhoanne itani chhoti-si umr mean ek mrit shishy ko jivan dan dene mean apane pran hom die the. kaha jata hai, ki gurudvare ki nauan manzilean is balak ki ayu ki pratik haian. panjab-kesari maharaj ranajitasianh ne svarn-mandir ko ek bahumooly patamandap dan mean diya tha, jo sangrahalay mean hai. vastav mean ranajit sianh ki sahayata se hi mandir apane vartaman roop ko prapt kar saka. isake shikhar par suvarnapatr chadhavane ka shrey bhi unhian ko diya jata hai. 1919 ko jaliyaanvala bag ki ghatana ke karan amritasar ka nam bharat ke itihas mean bhi chirasthayi ho gaya hai.

yatayat aur parivahan

vayu marg
amritasar ka raja saansi havaee adda dilli se achchhi tarah juda hua hai.

rel marg
dilli se tatanagar-jammootavi eksaprais aur goldan tempal mel (svarn mandir eksaprais) dvara asani se amritasar relave steshan pahuancha ja sakata hai.

sadak marg

• apani kar se bhi graiand trank [ji.ti.] rod dvara asani se amritasar pahuancha ja sakata hai.
• isake alava dilli ke kashmiri get bas adde se bhi amritasar ke lie basean jati haian.

krishi aur khanij

5,088 varg kimi kshetr mean phaile amritasar zile ki bhoomi lagabhag samataliy hai, jo ravi v vyas nadiyoan dvara apavahit hoti hai. poori tarah se shushk jalavayu hone ke karan is shahar ki kheti sianchaee par nirbhar hai, jo mukhyat: apari bari doab nahar pranali se ki jati hai. gehooan, kapas, dalahan v makka yahaan ki mukhy fasalean haian.

udyog aur vyapar

amritasar ke vividh udyogoan mean vastr, khady nirman v prasanskaran, resham bunaee, charmashodhan v dabba paikiang udyog shamil haian.

shikshan sansthan

medikal k aaulej ke alava amritasar mean deantal, kala v ianjiniyariang k aaulej haian aur isake thik bahar khalasa k aaulej (1899 mean sthapit) hai.

janasankhya

amritasar nagar nigam kshetr ki (2001 ki janaganana ke anusar) kul janasankhya 9,75,695 aur amritasar zile ki kul janasankhya 30,74,207 hai.