गुरु अर्जन देव

guru arjan dev
guru arjan dev|200px|center
poora nam	guru arjan dev
janm	15 aprail sanh 1563
janm bhoomi	amritasar
mrityu	30 mee, 1606 ee.
mrityu sthan	lahaur
abhibhavak	guru ramadas aur bhani ji
pati/patni	ganga ji
santan	guru haragoviand sianh
karm bhoomi	bharat
bhasha	panjabi
puraskar-upadhi	sikkhoan ke paanchavean guru
nagarikata	bharatiy
poorvadhikari	guru ramadas
uttaradhikari	guru haragoviand sianh

guru arjan dev (aangrezi: Guru Arjan Dev, janm: 15 aprail, san 1563; mrityu: 30 mee, 1606) sikkhoan ke paanchavean guru the. ye 1 sitambar, 1581 ee. mean gaddi par baithe. guru arjan dev ka kee drishtiyoan se sikkh guruoan mean vishisht sthan hai. 'guru granth sahab' aj jis roop mean upalabdh hai, usaka sanpadan inhoanne hi kiya tha. guru arjan dev sikkhoan ke param poojy chauthe guru ramadas ke putr the. guru nanak se lekar guru ramadas tak ke char guruoan ki vani ke sath-sath us samay ke any sant mahatmaoan ki vani ko bhi inhoanne 'guru granth sahab' mean sthan diya.

jivan parichay

guru arjan dev ji ka janm 18 vaishakh 7 sanvat 1620 (15 aprail sanh 1563) ko shri guru ramadas ji ke ghar bibi bhani ji ki pavitr kokh se goiandaval apane nanihal ghar mean hua. apane nanihal ghar mean hi poshit aur javan hue. itihas mean likha hai ek din ye apane nana shri guru amar das ji ke pas khel rahe the to guru nana ji ke palang ko ap pak dakar kh de ho ge. bibi bhani ji apako aisa dekhakar pichhe hatane lagi. guru ji apani suputri se kahane lage bibi! yah ab hi gaddi lena chahata hai magar gaddi ise samay dalakar apane pitaji se hi milegi. isake pashchath guru amar das ji ne arjan ji ko pak dakar pyar kiya aur oopar uthaya. apaka bhari sharir dekhakar vachan kiya jagath mean yah bhari guru prakat hoga. bani ka jahaz taiyar karega aur jisapar chadhakar anek premiyoan ka uddhar hoga. is prakar apaka varadan vachan prasiddh hai-

"dohita bani ka bohitha"

bibi bhani ji ne jab pita guru se yah bat suni to balak arjan ji ko uthaya aur pita ke charanoan par matha tek diya. is tarah arjan dev ji nanihal ghar mean apane mamoan shri mohan ji aur shri mohari ji ke ghar mean bachchoan ke sath khelate aur shiksha grahan ki. jab ap ki umr 16 varsh ki ho gee to 23 ashadh sanvat 1636 ko apaki shadi shri krishna chand ji ki suputri ganga ji tahasil phillor ke moo namak sthan par huee. apaki shadi ke sthan par ek sundar gurudvara bana hua hai. is gaanv mean pani ki kami ho gee thi. apane ek kuaan khudavaya jo aj bhi upalabdh hai.

guru gaddi ki prapti

guru ramadas ji dvara shri arjan dev ji ko lahaur bheje hue jab do varsh bit ge. pita guru ki taraph se jab koee bulava na aya. tab apane apane hriday ki tadap ko prakat karane ke lie guru pita ko chitthi likhi -

mera manu lochai gur darasan taee ..
bilap kare chatrik ki niaee ..
trikha n utarai santi n avai binu darasan sant piare jiu .. 1 ..
hu gholi jiu gholi ghumaee gur darasan sant piare jiu .. 1 .. rahau ..

jab is chitthi ka koee uttar na aya to apane doosari chitthi likhi -

tera mukhu suhava jiu sahaj dhuni bani ..
chiru hoa dekhe sariang pani ..
dhannu su desu jaha tooan vasia mere sajan mit murare jiu .. 2 ..
hu gholi hu ghol ghumaee guru sajan mit murare jiu .. 1 .. rahau ..

jab is chitthi ka bhi uttar na aya tab apane tisari chitthi likhi -

ek gh di n milate ta kaliyugu hota ..
hune kadi milie pria tudhu bhagavanta ..
mohi raini n vihavai nid n avai binu dekhe gur darabare jiu .. 3 ..
hu gholi jiu gholi ghumaee tisu sache gur darabare jiu ..b1 .. rahau ..

guruji ne jab apaki yah sari chitthiyaan p di to guruji ne baba budda ji ko lahaur bhejakar guru ke chak bula liya. ap ji ne guru pita ko matha teka aur milap ki khushi mean chautha pad uchcharan kiya -

bhagu hoa guri santu milaiia ..
prabhu abinasi ghar mahi paiia ..
seva kari palu chasa n vichhu da jan nanak das tumare jiu .. 4 ..
hu gholi jiu gholi ghumaee jan nanak das tumare jiu .. rahau .. 1 .. 8 ..

guru pita prathae ati shradha aur prem pragat karane vali yah mithi bani sunakar guru ji bahut khush hue. unhoanne apako har prakar se gaddi ke yogy manakar bhaee budda ji aur bhaee guradas adi sikho se vichar karake apane bhadr sudi ekam sanvath 1639 ko sab sangat ke samane paanch paise aur nariyal apaji ke age rakhakar tin parikrama karake guru nanak ji ki gaddi ko matha tek diya. apane sab sikh sangat ko vachan kiya ki aj se shri arjan dev ji hi gurugaddi ke malik haian. inako ap hamara hi roop samajhana aur sada inaki ajna mean rahana.

guruji ki shahidi

jahaangir ne guru ji ko sandesh bheja. badashah ka sandesh p dakar guru ji ne apana antim samay najadik samajhakar apane das-gyarah saputr shri harigobiand ji ko gurutv de diya. unhoanne bhaee budda ji, bhaee guradas ji adi buddhiman sikhoan ko ghar bahar ka kam sauanp diya. is prakar sari sangat ko dhairy dekar guru ji apane sath paanch sikhoan-

• bhaee jetha ji
• bhaee pai da ji
• bhaee bidhia ji
• langaha ji
• pirana ji

ko sath lekar lahaur pahuanche. doosare din jab ap apane paanch sikhoan sahit jahaangir ke darabar mean ge. to usane kaha apane mere bagi putr ko rasad aur ashirvad diya hai. apako do lakh rupaye zurmana dena p dega nahian to shahi dand bhugatana p dega. guru ji ko chup dekhakar chandoo ne kaha ki maian inhean apane ghar le jakar samajhaooanga ki yah zurmana de dean aur kisi chor dakait ko apane pas n rakhean. chandoo unhean apane sath ghar mean le gaya. jisamean paanch sikhoan ko dyodhi mean aur guru ji ko dyodhi ke aandar kaid kar diya. chandoo ne guru ji ko akele bulakar yah kaha ki maian apaka jurmana maph kara dooanga, koee poochhatachh bhi nahian hogi. isake badale mean apako meri beti ka rishta apane bete ke sath karana hoga aur apane granth mean mohamad sahib ki stuti likhani hogi. guru ji ne kaha divan sahib! rishte ki babat jo hamare sikhoan ne phaisala kiya hai, ham us par pabandh haian. hamare sikhoan ko apaka rishta svikar nahian hai. doosari bat apane mohamad sahib ki stuti likhane ki bat ki hai yah bhi hamare vash ki bat nahian hai. ham kisi ki khushi ke lie isamean alag koee bat nahian likh sakate. prani matr ke upadesh ke lie hamean karatar se jo prerana milati hai isamean ham vahi likh sakatean haian.

sharir tyagane ka samay

guru ji ka yah uttar sunate hi chandoo bh dak utha. usane apane sipahiyoan ko hukam diya ki inhean kisi adami se na milane diya jae aur na hi kuchh khane pine ko diya jae. doosare din jab guru ji ne chandoo ki donoan bate manane se iankar kar diya to usane pani ki ek deg garm kara kar guru ji ko usamean bitha diya. guru ji ko pani ki ubalati huee deg mean baitha dekhakar sikhoan mean hahakar mach gee. vai jaise hi guru ji ko nikalane ke lie age hue, sipahiyoan ne unako khoob mara. sikhoan par atyachar hote dekh guru ji ne unako kaha, parameshvar ka hukam manakar shaant raho. hamare sharir tyagane ka samay ab a gaya hai. jab guru ji chandoo ki bat phir bhi na mane, to usane guru ji ke sharir par garm ret dalavaee. parantu guru ji shaanti ke puanj adol bane rahe "tera bhana mitha lage" hari nam padarth nanak maangai" p date rahe.| dekhane aur sunane vale trahi-trahi kar uthe, parantu koee kuchh bhi nahian kar paya. guru ji ka sharir chhaloan se phoolakar bahut bhayanak roop dharan kar gaya. tisare din jab guru ji ne phir chandoo ki bat mani, to usane loh garm karava kar guru ji ko usapar bitha diya. guru ji itane pi dagrast sharir se garm loh par prabhu mean liv jo dakar adol baithe rahe. log hahakar kar uthe.

jyoti-jyot samana

jab din nikala to chandoo phir apani bat manane ke lie guru ji ke pas pahuancha. parantu guru ji ne phir bat na mani. usane guru ji se kaha ki aj apako mrit gae ke kachche cham de mean silava diya jaega. usaki bat jaise hi guru ji ne suni to guru ji kahane lage ki pahale ham ravi nadi mean snan karana chahate hai, phir jo apaki ichchha ho kar lena. guru ji ki jaise hi yah bat chandoo ne suni to khush ho gaya ki in chhaloan se s de hue sharir ko jab nadi ka thanda pani lagega to yah aur bhi dukhi hoange. achchha yahi hai ki inako snan ki ajna de di jae. chandoo ne apane sipahiyoan ko hukam diya ki jao inhe ravi mean snan kar lao. tab guru ji apane paanch sikhoan sahit ravi par a ge. guru ji ne nadi ke kinare baithakar chadar o dakar "japuji sahib" ka path karake bhaee langah adi sikhoan ko kaha ki ab hamari paralok gaman ki taiyari hai. ap ji shri harigobiand ko dhairy dena aur kahana ki shok nahian karana, karatar ka hukam manana. hamare sharir ko jal pravah hi karana, sanskar nahian karana.

nidhan

isake pashchath guru ji ravi mean pravesh karake apana sharir tyag kar sachakhand ji biraje. us din jyeshth sudi chauth sanvat 1553 vikrami thi. guru ji ka jyoti jyot samane ka sare shahar mean b da shok banaya gaya. guru ji ke sharir tyagane ke sthan par gurudvara dhera sahib lahaur shahi kile ke pas vidyaman hai.

vishesh biandu

• guru arjan dev ke svayan ke lagabhag do hazar shabd guru granth sahab mean sankalit haian.
• arjan dev ki rachana 'sushamanapath' ka sikkh nity parayan karate haian.
• arjan dev ne apane pita dvara amritasar nagar ke nirman kary ko age badhaya tha.
• inhoanne 'amrit sarovar' ka nirman karakar usamean 'haramandir sahab' ka nirman karaya, jisaki nianv soofi sant miyaan mir ke hathoan se rakhavaee gee thi.
• taranataran nagar bhi guru arjan dev ke samay mean basa hua ek nagar hai.
• mugal samrat akabar bhi guru arjan dev ka samman karata tha.
• arjan dev ne sarvajanik suvidha ke lie jo kam kie unase akabar bahut prabhavit tha.
• arjan dev ke badhate hue prabhav ko jahaangir sahan nahian kar saka, aur usane apane putr khusaroan ki sahayata se arjan dev ko qaid kar liya.
• jahaangir dvara qaid mean guru arjan dev ko tarah-tarah ki yatanaean di geean. inhian paristhitiyoan mean 30 mee, 1606 ee. mean ravi nadi ke tat par akar guru arjan dev ka dehaant ho gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sharma, liladhar bharatiy charit kosh (hindi). bharat diskavari pustakalay: shiksha bharati, dilli, prishth 234.