Difference between revisions of "तर्पण (श्राद्ध)"

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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==टीका टिप्पणी और संदर्भ==
 
==टीका टिप्पणी और संदर्भ==
 
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[[Category:हिन्दू कर्मकाण्ड]] [[Category:संस्कृति कोश]]
 
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Revision as of 09:20, 21 March 2011

avahan, poojan, namaskar ke uparant taparn kiya jata hai. jal mean doodh, jau, chaval, chandan dal kar taparn kary mean prayukt karate haian. mil sake, to ganga jal bhi dal dena chahie. tripti ke lie taparn kiya jata hai. svagarsth atmaoan ki tripti kisi padarth se, khane-pahanane adi ki vastu se nahian hoti, kyoanki sthool sharir ke lie hi bhautik upakaranoan ki avashyakata p dati hai. marane ke bad sthool sharir samapt hokar, keval sookshm sharir hi rah jata hai. sookshm sharir ko bhookh-pyas, sardi-garmi adi ki avashyakata nahian rahati, usaki tripti ka vishay koee, khady padarth ya ha d-maans vale sharir ke lie upayukt upakaran nahian ho sakate. sookshm sharir mean vicharana, chetana aur bhavana ki pradhanata rahati hai, isalie usamean utkrisht bhavanaoan se bana antahkaran ya vatavaran hi shantidayak hota hai.

disha evan prerana

is drishy sansar mean sthool sharir vale ko jis prakar indriy bhog, vasana, trishna evan ahankar ki poorti mean sukh milata hai, usi prakar pitaroan ka sookshm sharir shubh karm se utpann sugandh ka rasasvadan karate hue tripti ka anubhav karata hai. usaki prasannata tatha akaanksha ka kendr bindu shraddha hai. shraddha bhare vatavaran ke sannidhy mean pitar apani ashanti khokar anand ka anubhav karate haian, shraddha hi inaki bhookh hai, isi se unhean tripti hoti hai. isalie pitaroan ki prasannata ke lie shraddha evan taparn kiye jate haian. in kriyaoan ka vidhi-vidhan itana saral evan itane kam kharch ka hai ki nidharn se nidharn vyakti bhi use asani se sampann kar sakata hai. taparn mean pradhanataya jal ka hi prayog hota hai. use tho da sugandhit evan paripusht banane ke lie jau, til, chaval, doodh, phool jaisi do-char maangalik vastuean dali jati haian. kushaoan ke sahare jau ki chhoti-si aanjali mantrochcharapoovark dalane matr se pitar tript ho jate haian, kintu is kriya ke sath avashyak shraddha, kritajnata, sadbhavana, prem, shubhakamana ka samanvay avashy hona chahie. yadi shraddhanjali in bhavanaoan ke sath ki gayi hai, to taparn ka uddeshy poora ho jayega, pitaroan ko avashyak tripti milegi, kintu yadi is prakar ki koee shraddha bhavana taparn karane vale ke man mean nahian hoti aur keval lakir pitane ke matr pani idhar-udhar phailaya jata hai, to itane bhar se koee vishesh prayojan poorn n hoga, isalie in pitri-karmo ke karane vale yah dhyan rakhean ki in chhote-chhote kriya-krityoan ko karane ke sath-sath divangat atmaoan ke upakaroan ka smaran karean, unake sadgunoan tatha satkarmo ke prati shraddha vyakt karean. [1] kritajnata tatha samman ki bhavana unake prati rakhean aur yah anubhav karean ki yah jalaanjali jaise akianchan upakaranoan ke sath, apani shraddha ki abhivyakti karate hue svagiry atmaoan ke charanoan par apani sadbhavana ke pushp chadha raha hooan. is prakar ki bhavanaean jitani hi prabal hoangi, pitaroan ko utani hi adhik tripti milegi. jis pitar ka svagarvas hua hai, usake kiye hue upakaroan ke prati kritajnata vyakt karana, usake adhoore chho de hue parivarik evan samajik uttaradayitv ko poora karane mean tatpar hona tatha apane vyaktitv evan vatavaran ko mangalamay dhaanche mean dhalana maranottar sanskar ka pradhan prayojan hai. grih shuddhi, sootak nivritti ka uddeshy bhi isi ke nimitt ki jati hai, kintu taparn mean keval inhian ek pitar ke lie nahian, poorv kal mean gujare hue apane parivar, mata ke parivar, dadi ke parivar ke tin-tin pidhi ke pitaroan ki tripti ka bhi ayojan kiya jata hai. itana hi nahian is prithvi par avatarit hue sabhi mahanh purushoan ki atma ke prati is avasar par shraddha vyakt karate hue apani sadbhavana ke dvara tript karane ka praryatn kiya jata hai. taparn ko chhah bhagoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai-

  1. dev-taparn
  2. rrishi-taparn ‍
  3. divy-manav-taparn
  4. divy-pitri-taparn
  5. yam-taparn
  6. manushy-pitri-taparn

dev taparnamh

dev shaktiyaan eeshvar ki ve mahan vibhootiyaan haian, jo manav-kalyan mean sada niahsvarth bhav se prayatanarat haian. jal, vayu, soory, agni, chandr, vidyuth tatha avatari eeshvar aangoan ki mukt atmaean evan vidya, buddhi, shakti, pratibha, karuna, daya, prasannata, pavitrata jaisi satpravrittiyaan sabhi dev shaktiyoan mean ati haian. yadyapi ye dikhaee nahian detian, to bhi inake anant upakar haian. yadi inaka labh n mile, to manushy ke lie jivit rah sakana bhi sambhav n ho. inake prati kritajnata ki bhavana vyakt karane ke lie yah dev-taparn kiya jata hai. yajaman donoan hathoan ki anamika aanguliyoan mean pavitri dharan karean. Om agachchhantu mahabhagaah, vishvedeva mahabalaah . ye taparneatr vihitaah, savadhana bhavantu te॥ jal mean chaval dalean . kush-motak sidhe hi lean .. yajnopavit savy (bayean kandhe par) samany sthiti mean rakhean. taparn ke samay aanjali mean jal bharakar sabhi aanguliyoan ke agr bhag ke sahare apirt karean. ise devatirth mudra kahate haian. pratyek devashakti ke lie ek-ek aanjali jal dalean. poovarbhimukh hokar dete chalean.

Om brahmadayo devaah agachchhantu grihnantu etanh jalanjalinh.
Om brahm tripyatamh.
Om vishnustripyatamh.
Om rudrastripyatamh.
Om prajapatitripyatamh.
Om devastripyatamh.
Om chhandaansi tripyantamh.
Om vedastripyantamh.
Om rrishayastripyantamh.
Om puranachayarstripyantamh.
Om gandhavarstripyantamh.
Om itarachayarstripyantamh.
Om sanvatsarah savayavastripyantamh.
Om devyastripyantamh.
Om apsarasastripyantamh.
Om devanugastripyantamh.
Om nagastripyantamh.
Om sagarastripyantamh.
Om pavarta stripyantamh.
Om saritastripyantamh.
Om manushyastripyantamh.
Om yakshastripyantamh.
Om rakshaansi tripyantamh.
Om pishachastripyantamh.
Om supanarstripyantamh.
Om bhootani tripyantamh.
Om pashavastripyantamh.
Om vanaspatayastripyantamh.
Om oshadhayastripyantamh.
Om bhootagramah chatuvirdhastripyantamh.

rrishi taparn

doosara taparn rrishiyoan ke lie hai. vyas, vasishth, yajnavalky, katyayan, atri, jamadagni, gautam, vishvamitr, narad, charak, sushrut, panini, dadhichi adi rrishiyoan ke prati shraddha ki abhivyakti rrishi taparn dvara ki jati hai. rrishiyoan ko bhi devataoan ki tarah devatirth se ek-ek aanjali jal diya jata hai. [[chitr:Narada-Muni.jpg|thumb|200px|narad muni
Narad Muni]]

Om marichyadi dashrrishayah agachchhantu grihnantu etanjalanjalinh.
Om marichistripyatamh.
Om atristripyatamh.
Om aangiraah tripyatamh.
Om pulastyastripyatamh.
Om vasishthastripyatamh.
Om kratustripyatamh.
Om vasishthastripyatamh.
Om prachetastripyatamh.
Om bhrigustripyatamh.
Om naradastripyatamh.

divy-manushy taparn

tisara taparn divy manavoan ke lie hai. jo poorn roop se samast jivan ko lok kalyan ke lie apirt nahian kar sakean, par apana, apane parijanoan ka bharan-poshan karate hue lokamangal ke lie adhikadhik tyag-balidan karate rahe, ve divy manav haian. raja harishchandr, rantidev, shivi, janak, pandav, shivaji, maharana pratap, bhamashah, tilak jaise mahapurush isi shreni mean ate haian. divy manushy taparn uttarabhimukh kiya jata hai. jal mean jau dalean. janeoo kanth ki mala ki tarah rakhean. kush hathoan mean a de kar lean. kushoan ke madhy bhag se jal diya jata hai. aanjali mean jal bharakar kanishtha (chhoti uangali) ki j d ke pas se jal chho dean, ise prajapaty tirth mudra kahate haian. pratyek sambodhan ke sath do-do aanjali jal dean-

Om sanakadayah divyamanavaah agachchhantu grihnantu etanjalanjalinh.
Om sanakastripyatamh॥2॥
Om sanandanastripyatamh॥2॥
Om sanatanastripyatamh॥2॥
Om kapilastripyatamh॥2॥
Om asuristripyatamh॥2॥
Om vodhustripyatamh॥2॥
Om panchashikhastripyatamh॥2॥

divy-pitri-taparn

chautha taparn divy pitaroan ke lie hai. jo koee lokaseva evan tapashcharya to nahian kar sake, par apana charitr har drishti se adarsh banaye rahe, us par kisi tarah ki aanch n ane di. anukaran, parampara evan pratishtha ki sampatti pichhe valoan ke lie chho d gaye. aise log bhi manav matr ke lie vandaniy haian, unaka taparn bhi rrishi evan divy manavoan ki tarah hi shraddhapoovark karana chahie. isake lie dakshinabhimukh hoan. vamajanu (bayaan ghutana mo dakar baithean) janeoo apasavy (dahine kandhe par samany se ulti sthiti mean) rakhean. kusha duhare kar lean. jal mean til dalean. aanjali mean jal lekar dahine hath ke aangoothe ke sahare jal giraean. ise pitri tirth mudra kahate haian. pratyek pitri ko tin-tin aanjali jal dean.

Om kavyavadadayo divyapitarah agachchhantu grihnantu etanh jalanjalinh.
Om kavyavadanalastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan (gangajalan va) tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
Om somastripyatamh, idan satilan jalan (gangajalan va) tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
Om yamastripyatamh, idan satilan jalan (gangajalan va) tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
Om ayarma stripyatamh. idan satilan jalan (gangajalan va) tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
Om agnishvattaah pitarastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan (gangajalan va) tebhyah svadha namah॥3॥
Om somapaah pitarastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan (gangajalan va) tebhyah svadha namah॥3॥
Om bahirshadah pitarastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan (gangajalan va) tebhyah svadha namah॥3॥

yam taparn

yam niyantran-kartta shaktiyoan ko kahate haian. janm-maran ki vyavastha karane vali shakti ko yam kahate haian. mrityu ko smaran rakhean, marane ke samay pashchattap n karana p de, isaka dhyan rakhean aur usi prakar ki apani gatividhiyaan nidharrit karean, to samajhana chahie ki yam ko prasann karane vala taparn kiya ja raha hai. rajy shasan ko bhi yam kahate haian. apane shasan ko paripusht evan svasth banane ke lie pratyek nagarik ko, jo kattarvy palan karata hai, usaka smaran bhi yam taparn dvara kiya jata hai. apane indriy nigrahakartta evan kumarg par chalane se rokane vale vivek ko yam kahate haian. ise bhi nirantar pusht karate chalana har bhavanashil vyakti ka kattarvy hai. in kattarvyoan ki smriti yam-taparn dvara ki jati hai. divy pitri taparn ki tarah pitrititharh se tin-tin aanjali jal yamoan ko bhi diya jata hai.

Om yamadichatudarshadevaah agachchhantu grihnantu etanh jalanjalinh.
Om yamay namah॥3॥
Om dhamarrajay namah॥3॥
Om mrityave namah॥3॥
Om antakay namah॥3॥
Om vaivasvatay Om kalay namah॥3॥
Om savarbhootakshayay namah॥3॥
Om audumbaray namah॥3॥
Om dadhnay namah॥3॥
Om nilay namah॥3॥
Om parameshthine namah॥3॥
Om vrikodaray namah॥3॥
Om chitray namah॥3॥
Om chitragupatay namah॥3॥

tatpashchath nimn mantroan se yam devata ko namaskar karean-

Om yamay dhamarrajay, mrityave chantakay ch.
vaivasvatay kalay, savarbhootakshayay ch॥
audumbaray dadhnay, nilay parameshthine.
vrikodaray chitray, chitraguptay vai namah॥

manushy-pitri-taparn

isake bad apane parivar se sambandhit divangat nar-nariyoan ka kram ata hai.

  1. pita, baba, parababa, mata, dadi, paradadi.
  2. nana, paranana, boodhe nana, nani paranani, boodhinani.
  3. patani, putr, putri, chacha, taoo, mama, bhaee, bua, mausi, bahin, sas, sasur, guru, gurupatani, shishy, mitr adi.

yah tin vanshavaliyaan taparn ke lie hai. pahale svagotr taparn kiya jata hai-

gotrotpannaah asmath pitarah agachchhantu grihnantu etanh jalanjalinh.
asmatpita (pita) amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatpitamah (dada) amukashamarh amukasagotro rudraroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatprapitamahah (paradada) amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmanmata (mata) amuki devi da amuk sagotra gayatriroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatpitamahi (dadi) amuki devi da amuk sagotra savitriroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatpratpitamahi (paradadi) amuki devi da amuk sagotra lakshmiroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatsapatanamata (sauteli maan) amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥

any tarpan

dvitiy gotr taparn

isake bad dvitiy gotr matamah adi ka taparn karean. yahaan yah bhi pahale ki bhaanti nimnalikhit vakyoan ko tin-tin bar padhakar til sahit jal ki tin-tin aanjaliyaan pitritirth se dean tatha-

asmanmatamahah (nana) amukasharma amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatpramatamahah (paranana) amukashamarh amukasagotro rudraroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadvriddhapramatamahah (boodhe paranana) amukashamarh amukasagotro adityaroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmanmatamahi (nani) amuki devi da amuk sagotra lakshmiroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatpramatamahi (paranani) amuki devi da amuk sagotra rudraroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadvriddhapramatamahi (boodhi paranani) amuki devi da amuk sagotra adityaroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥

itar taparn

jinako avashyak hai, keval unhian ke lie taparn karaya jae-

asmatpatani amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatsutah (beta) amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatkanyaah (beti) amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatpitrivyah (chacha) amukashamarh amukasagotro vusaroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmanmatulah (mama) amukashamarh amukasagotro vusaroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadbhrata (apana bhaee) amukashamarh amukasagotro vusaroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatsapatanabhrata (sautela bhaee) amukashamarh amukasagotro vusaroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatpitribhagini (bua) amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmanmatribhagini (mausi) amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadatmabhagini (apani bahin) amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatsapatanabhagini (sauteli bahin) amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmad shvashurah (shvasur) amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmad shvashurapatani (sas) amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadguru amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadh achayarpatani amuki devi da amuk sagotra vasuroopa tripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasyai svadha namah॥3॥
asmath shishyah amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmatsakha amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadh aptapurushah (sammaniy purush) amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥
asmadh patiah amukashamarh amukasagotro vasuroopastripyatamh. idan satilan jalan tasmai svadha namah॥3॥

nimn mantr se poovarh vidhi se pranimatr ki tushti ke lie jal dhar chho dean-

Om devasurastatha yaksha, naga gandhavarrakshasaah. pishacha guhyakaah siddhaah, kooshmandastaravah khagaah॥
jalechara bhoonilaya, vayvadharashch jantavah. pritimete prayantvashu, maddattenambunakhilaah॥
narakeshu samasteshu, yatanasuu ch ye sthitaah. teshamapyayanayaitadh, diyate salilan maya॥
ye bandhavaabandhava va, yea nyajanmani bandhavaah. te saverh triptimayantu, ye chasmattoyakaankshinah. abrahmastambapayarntan, devashirpitrimanavaah. tripyantu pitarah saverh, matrimatamahadayah॥
atitakulakotinaan, saptadvipanivasinamh. abrahmabhuvanallokadh, idamastu tilodakamh. ye bandhavaabandhava va, yea nyajanmani bandhavaah. te saverh triptimayantu, maya datten varina॥

vastr-nishpidan

shuddh vastr jal mean duboean aur bahar lakar mantr ko padhate hue apasavy bhav se apane bayean bhag mean bhoomi par us vastr ko nicho dean.[2]

Om ye ke chasmatkule jata, aputra gotrino mritaah.
te grihnantu maya dattan, vastranishpidanodakamh॥

bhishm taparn

ant mean bhishm taparn kiya jata hai. aise paramarth parayan mahamanav, jinhoanne uchch uddeshyoan ke lie apana vansh chalane ka moh nahian kiya, bhishm unake pratinidhi mane gaye haian, aisi sabhi shreshthatmaoan ko jaladan dean-

Om vaiyaghrapadagotray, saankritipravaray ch.
gangaputray bhishmay, pradasyeahan tilodakamh॥
aputray dadamyetath, salilan bhishmavamarne॥



panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. akhil vishv gayatri parivar (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 2 aktoobar, 2010.
  2. yadi ghar mean kisi mrit purush ka vashirk shraddh karm ho, to vastr-nishpi dan nahian karana chahie .