विजय नगर साम्राज्य

sthapana

vijay nagar dakshini bharat ka mahan bhagnavesh shahar aur samrajy bhi tha. jisaki nianv dakshini bharat mean tuangabhadra nadi ke par lagabhag 1336 ee. mean sangam ke putr harihar aur bukk ne rakhi. is nagar ka nirman 1343 ee. mean poora hua aur das varsh mean hi rajy ka vistar dakshin bharat ke poorvi samudr se pashchimi samudr tak ho gaya. 15vian aur 16vian shatiyoan mean yah nagar samriddhi tatha aishvary ki parakashtha ko pahuancha hua tha.

itihas

harihar pratham ne apani mrityu paryant 1354-55 ee. tak shasan kiya. isake bad usake bhaee bukk pratham ne 22 varsh (1355-77 ee.) tak shasan-sanchalan kiya. in shasakoan mean se kisi ne bhi rajapadavi dharan nahian ki. bukk pratham ke putr aur uttaradhikari harihar dvitiy ne 1377 ee. se maharajadhiraj ki padavi ke sath 1404 ee. tak shasan kiya. vijayanagar ke hindoo rajaoan ne yahaan 150 suandar mandir banavae the. pharishta namak itihas lekhak ne likha hai ki vijayanagar ki sena mean nau lakh paidal, paiantalis sahastr asvarohi, do sahastr gajarohi tatha ek sahastr bandookean thi. vijayanagar ki loot pray: paanch mas tak jari rahi jaisa ki purtagali lekhak phariaesooja ke lekh se soochit hota hai. is loot mean musalamanoan ko adhar sampatti tatha dhanarashi mili. prasiddh lekhak sivel 'e farag aautan epayar' mean likhata hai, 'talikot ke yuddh ke pashchatt vijeta musalamanoan ne vijayanagar pahuanch kar paanch mahine tak lagatar agajani, talavaroan, kulha diyoan aur lohe ki shalakaoan dvara is sundar nagar ke vinash ka kam jari rakha. shayad vishv ke itihas mean isase pahale ek shanadar nagar ka itana bhayanak vinash itani shighrata se kabhi nahian hua tha.

vijay nagar ke raja

vijay nagar ke raja 'ray' kahalate the, jinhoanne kee kshetroan mean saphalata aur gaurav ke sath 1565 ee. tak shasan kiya. vijay nagar mean tin rajavanshoan ke raja hue, yatha, sangam rajavansh ke aantargat harihar dvitiy (1377-1404 ee.), usaka putr bukk dvitiy (1404-06 ee.), ramachandr (1422 ee.), vir vijay (1422-25 ee.), devaraj dvitiy (1425-47 ee.), mallikarjun (1447-65 ee.), viroopaksh (1465-85 ee.) aur praudhadev ray (1485 ee.) rajaoan ne rajy kiya.

antim raja

saluv rajavansh ki sthapana saluv narasianh dvara sangam vansh ke vidhvans ke bad ki gayi. yah sangam rajavansh ke antim rajaoan ka mantri tha. narasianh ne 1486-1492 ee. tak shasan kiya aur usaka putr immadi narasianh (1492-1503 ee.) uttaradhikari bana, jo saluv ya dvitiy rajavansh ka doosara aur antim raja tha.

tuluv rajavansh

immadi narasianh ko tatkalin mantri narasianh nayak ne padchyut kar ek naye rajavansh ki sthapana ki, jo tuluv rajavansh kaha jata hai. isake aantargat chhah raja hue, yatha naresh nayak (1503 ee.), usaka putr vir narasianh (1503-1509 ee.), krishna dev ray (1509-29 ee.), achyut (1529-42 ee.), vyankat (1542 ee.) aur sadashiv (1542-65 ee.).

talikot ka yuddh

talikot ke yuddh ke uparant is vansh ka bhi uchchhed ho gaya. is vansh ke vinash ke sath hi vijay nagar rajadhani bhi vinasht ho gayi aur sadashiv venugoanda bhag gaya, jahaan 1570 ee. mean tirumall dvara vah padchyut kar diya gaya.

chautha rajavansh

tirumall se chautha rajavansh ka arambh hua. isane 1570 se 1642 ee. tak shasan kiya. pahale in logoan ki rajadhani penugonda thi, usake bad chandragiri ho gayi.

rajy ka patan

vyavaharik roop se 'vijayanagar' rajy ka itihas vijay nagar ke vinash ke sath hi samapt ho jata hai. rajy ke patan ka karan, sima ke musalaman bahamani rajy se nirantar yuddh tha. dharmik virodh ke karan utpann dvaishabhav ke atirikt rayachoor doav bhi donoan rajyoan ke bich sangharsh ka karan bana raha aur sadharanataya bahamani sultan hi isaka labh uthate rahe. keval krishnadev ray ke shasanakal (1509-29 ee.) mean, jo sabase pratapi raja tha, vijayanagar rajy mean raha. usane musalaman p dosiyoan se rayachoor chhinakar bidar tatha bijapur ke sultan ko bhi parast kiya. usane apane prabhutv ka vistar madras rajy tak hi nahian, apitu maisoor tak kar liya. kintu ye upalabdhiyaan sthayi n rah sakian. bijapur, golakunda, ahamad nagar aur bidar ke sultanoan ke sanyukt prayas se vijayanagar 1565 ee. mean talikot ke yuddh ke pashchath vinasht ho gaya. sadashiv ko doorasth rajy penoogonda bhag kar apane pran bachane p de.

apane utkarsh kal mean vijay nagar samriddh aur dhan-dhany sanpoorn nagar tha. usaki qilebandi atyant majaboot thi. nikolo kanti (1420 ee.), abdurajjak (1443 ee.), pais (1522 ee.) aur noonij jaise videshi yatriyoan ne usaki bhoori-bhoori prashansa ki hai. abdurajjak ne yahaan tak likha hai ki 'yah nagar aisa hai, jisake saman dharati par doosara nagar n to aankhoan se dekha gaya hai aur n kanoan se suna gaya hai. yah ek ek-doosare ke bhitar sat parakotoan se ghira tha.' nagar ki abadi atyant dhani thi aur yah sab prakar ke dhan-dhany se poorn tha. phir bhi yah durdev hi kaha jayaga ki jab musalaman akramanakariyoan ne talikot ki vijay ke bad nagar ko dhvast karana shuroo kiya, tab yahaan ke nagarikoan ne n to kisi prakar ka pratirodh kiya aur n sangathit hokar usaka samana hi kiya. isase sanket milata hai ki rajy ke dhan-vaibhav sanpann hone ke bavajood janata mean shasak varg ke prati kisi prakar ka prem ya apanatv nahian tha.

is vinashakari yuddh ke pashchatt vijayanagar ki, jo apane samay mean sansar ka sabase anokha aur abhootapoorv nagar tha, jo dasha huee vah varnanatit hai. vijayanagar ki utkrisht kala ke vaibhav se bhare-poore dev mandir, sundar aur sukhi nar-nariyoan ke kolahal se gooanjate bhavan, janakirn s dakean, hire-javaharatoan ki dookanoan se jagamagate bazar tatha uttuang attalikaoan ki nirantar panktiyaan, ye sabhi barbar akramanakariyoan ki pratikarabhavana ki ag mean jalakar rakh ka dher ban ge.

sahity aur kala

vijay nagar ke raja sanskrit sahity aur vidya ke poshak the. vedoan ke suprasiddh bhashyakar sayan aur unake bhaee madhavachary vijay nagar ke rajaoan ke mantri the. vijay nagar ke shasak lalit kalaoan ke bhi mahan poshak the aur unhoanne anek bhavy mandiroan tatha bhavanoan ka nirman karaya. unake rajy kal mean vijay nagar mean vastukala, chitrakala tatha takshan kala ki vishisht shaili ka vikas hua. kuchh prachin mandiroan ke avasheshoan se vijayanagar ki vastukala ka tho da bahut parichay ho sakata hai- is kala ki abhivyakti yahaan ke mandapoan ke adharabhoot stanbhoan mean b di sundarata se huee hai. stanbhoan ke adhar chaukon hai. shirshoan par charoan or barik aur ghani nakqashi dikhaee p dati hai jo kalakar ki komal kala-bhavana aur uchchakalpana ka parichayak hai. in stanbhoan ke pattharoan ko itana kalapoorn banaya gaya hai tatha is prakar gadha gaya hai ki unako thapathapane se sangitamay dhvani suni ja sakati hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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