हड़प्पा लिपि

h dappa lipi ka sarvadhik purana namoona 1853 ee. mean mila tha par spashtatah yah lipi 1923 tak prakash mean aee. siandhu lipi mean lagabhag 64 mool chinh evan 205 se 400 tak akshar haian jo selakh di ki ayatakar muharoan, taanbe ki gutikaoan adi par milate haian. yah lipi chitratmak thi. yah lipi abhi tak gadhi nahian ja saki hai. is lipi mean prapt sabase b de lekh mean karib 17 chinh haian. kalibanga ke utkhanan se prapt mitti ke thikaroan par utkirn chinh apane parshvavarti dahine chinh ko katate haian. isi adhar par 'brajavasi lal' ne yah nishkarsh nikala hai - 'saiandhav lipi dahini or se bayian or ko likhi jati thi.'

abhi hal mean 'ke.en. varma' evan 'pro. es.ar. rav' ne is lipi ke kuchh chinhoan ko padhane ki bat kahi hai. saindhav sabhyata ki kala mean muharoan ka apana vishisht sthan tha. ab tak kul karib 200 muharean prapt ki ja chuki haian. isamean lagabhag 1200 akele mohanajoda do se prapt huee haian. ye muhare belanakar, vargakar, ayatakar evan vritakar roop mean mili haian. muharoan ka nirman adhikatar selakh di se hua hai. is paki mitti ki moortiyoan ka nirman 'chikoti paddhati' se kiya gaya hai. par kuchh muharean 'kachal mitti', gomed, chart aur mitti ki bani huee bhi prapt huee haian. adhikaansh muharoan par sankshipt lekh, ek shrriangi, saand, bhais, bagh gaida, hiran, bakari evan hathi ke chitr ukere gaye haian. inamean se sarvadhik akritiyaan ek shrriangi, saand ki mili haian. lothal or deshalapur se taanbe ki muhare mili haian.

mohanajoda do se prapt ek trimukhi puroosh ko ek chauki par padyasan mudra mean baithe hue dikhalaya gaya hai. usake sir mean siang hai tatha kalaee se kandhe tak usaki dono bhujaean choo diyoan se ladi huee haian. usake dahine or ek hathi aur ek bagh tatha baee or ek bhaiansa aur ek gaianda kh de hue haian. chauki ke niche do hiran kh de haian. mohanajoda do se prapt ek any muhar bhakt ghutane ke bal jhuka hua hai. is bhakt ke pichhe manaviy mukh se yukt ek bakari kh di hai aur niche ki or sat bhakt-gan nrity mean magn dikhae ge haian. mohanajoda do evan lothal se prapt ek any muhar par 'nav' ka chitr bana mila hai. h dappa siloan ka sarvadhik prachalit prakar chaukor hai.

mohanajoda do, lothal evan kalibanga se rajamudraank mile haian, jinasean yah sanket milata hai ki sambhavatah in muharoan ka prayog un vastuoan ki gaantho par muhar lagane mean kiya jata tha jinaka bahar ke deshoan ko niryat kiya jata tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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