हड़प्पा सभ्यता के पतन के कारण
saiandhav sabhyata (h dappa sabhyata) jis drutagati se prakash mean ayi thi, usi gati se hi yah vinasht bhi ho gee. isake patan ke lie vidvanoan ne kee karan bataean haian, jaise- badh, aryoan ka akraman, jalavayu parivartan, bhoo-tatvik parivartan, vyapar mean gatirodh, prashasanik shithilata, mahamari evan sadhanoan ka adhik upabhog adi.
badh
sindhu sabhyata ke patan ka pradhan karan badh hi mana jata hai. marshal ne mohanajod do, maike ne chanhood doan tatha es.ar. rav ne lothal ke patan ka pramukh karan badh mana hai. marshal ke anusar mohanajod doan mean 7 bar badh ayi, kyoanki isaki khudaee se isake 7 staroan ka pata chalata hai. dhire-dhire log nagar chho dakar anyatr chale ge. parantu isase un nagaroan ke patan ke karanoan par prakash nahian p data jo nadiyoan ke kinare sthit nahian the.
ary akraman
vhilar, gardan chaild, maike, piganat adi vidvanoan ne sindhu sabhyata ke patan ka karan aryoan ka akraman mana hai. apane mat ki pushti mean unhoanne mohanajod doan se prapt nar-kankaloan tatha rrigved ke devata indr ka ullekh durg sanharak ke roop mean kiya hai parantu ameriki itihasakar kenedi ne siddh kar diya hai ki mohanajod doan ke nar-kankal maleriya jaisi kisi bimari se grasit the. paravarti anusandhanoan ne yah siddh kar diya hai ki vhilar ki yah dharana ki ary log h dappaee sabhyata ka nash karane vale the, matr ek mithak thi. tathy yah hai ki 5000 ee.poo. se 800 ee.poo. tak ke samay mean pashchimi ya madhy eshiya se sindhu ya sarasvati ki ghatiyoan mean kisi akraman athava samoohik apravas ka koee puratatvik, jaivik sakshy upalabdh nahian hai. is avadhi mean paye gaye sabhi nar-kankal ek hi samooh ke logoan ke the. rrigved mean durg sanharak ke roop mean indr ko adhik mahatv nahian diya ja sakata, kyoanki rrigved ki sahi tithi abhi nirdharit nahian ki ja saki hai. atah aryo ke akraman ko patan ka pramukh karan nahian mana ja sakata.
jalavayu parivartan
arel stain aur amalanand ghosh adi vidvanoan ke anusar jangaloan ki atyadhik kataee ke karan jalavayu mean parivartan aya. rajasthan ke kshetr mean jahaan pahale bahut varsha hoti thi, vahaan varsha kam hone lagian. atah sabhyata dhire dhire vinasht ho gee.
bhoo-tatvik parivartan
em.ar. sahani, ar. el. raiks, jarj eph.dels. aur ech.ti. laimbrik sindhu sabhyata ke patan mean bhoo-tatvik parivartanoan ke pramukh karan manate haian. bhoo-tatvik parivartanoan ke karan nadiyoan ke marg badal ge, jisase logoan mean sianchaee, pine ke pani, adi ka abhav ho gaya. sarasvat pradesh mean to isaka patan mukhy roop se nadi dharaoan ke badalane athava sthanantaran ke karan hua. is karan ve apane apane sthanoan ko chho dakar doosare sthanoan ko chale ge.
videshi vyapar mean gatirodh
san 1995 ee. mean dablyoo. eph. albrait ne yah mat vyakt kiya ki mesopotamiya ke sakshyoan ke anusar saindhav sabhyata ka ant lagabhag 1750 ee.poo. mean mana ja sakata hai. 2000 ee.poo. ke bad saindhav sabhyata mean gramin sanskriti ke lakshan prakat hone lage the, usase pata chalata hai ki unaka arthik dhaancha l dakh dane laga tha.
prashasanik shithilata
marshal ke anusar sindhu sabhyata ke antim charan mean prashasanik shithilata ke lakshan drishtigochar hone lagate haian. ab makan vyavasthit dhang ke nahian the tatha unamean kachchi eeantoan ka prayog bhi adhik hone laga. atah sabhyata dhire dhire nasht ho gee.
mahamari
ameriki itihasakar ke.yoo.ar. kenedi ka vichar hai ki maleriya jaisi kisi mahamari se saindhav sabhyata ki janasankhya nasht ho gee.
sadhanoan ka atishay upabhog
ek adhunik mat yah hai ki is sabhyata ne apane sadhanoan ka jyada se jyada vyay kar dala, jisase usaki jivan shakti nasht ho gee. yah ek akarshak parikalpana hai parantu isaki jaanch ke lie vistrit anusandhan ki avashyakata hai.
adrishy gaj ke karan
roosi vidvan em. dimitriyev ka manana hai ki saindhav sabhyata ka vinash paryavaran mean achanak hone vale kisi bhautik rasayanik visphot ‘adrishy gaj’ ke karan hua. is adrishy gaj se nikali huee oorja tatha tap avashyakata 150000°C ke lagabhag mani jati hai. jisase door door tak sab kuchh vinisht ho gaya. unhoanne is sambandh mean mahabharat mean ullikhit isi prakar ke drishtikon ki or sanket kiya hai jo mohanajod doan ke samip hua tha. nishkarsh roop se yahi kaha ja sakata hai ki uparyukt sabhi karanoan ne milakar sindhu sabhyata ko gart mean mila diya, parantu vidvanoan mean patan ka sarvadhik many karan badh hai. halaanki gujarat mean hal hi mean ae bhookampoan ne is sabhyata ke patan ke pramukh karan par punah vichar karane ko vivash kar diya hai.
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