मलेरिया

maleriya
enofilez machchhar|200px|center
vivaran	'maleriya' ek gambhir sankramak janaleva rog hai. is rog se prativarsh 11 lakh se 30 lakh logoan ki mrityu ho jati hai. maleriya ka bukhar lagatar chadhata-utarata rahata hai.
rog ka karan	plasmodiyam gan ke protozoa parajivi
vahak	mada enofilez machchhar
parajivi plasmodiyam	char- 1. plasmodiyam phailsipairam, 2. plasmodiyam vivaiks, 3. plasmodiyam ovel, 4. plasmodiyam maleriye.
rog lakshan	badan dard aur sir dard, ulti ana, hath pairoan mean aithan, rakt mean pletalets ki kami, tvacha par lal chakate, bhookh ki kami, ji michalana adi.
sanbandhit lekh	vishv maleriya divas, deangoo
any janakari	maleriya ek parajivi roganu se hota hai, jise plasmodiyam kahate haian. ye roganu enofilez jati ke mada machchhar mean hote haian aur jab yah kisi vyakh‍ti ko katati hai, to usake rakt ki nali mean maleriya ke roganu phail jate haian.

maleriya (aangrezi: Malaria) protozoa parajivi dvara phailane vala ek sankramak rog hai. yah rog mukhy roop se amerika, eshiya aur afrika mahadvipoan ke ushn tatha uposhn katabandhi kshetroan mean phaila hua hai. is rog se prativarsh 11 lakh se 30 lakh logoan ki mrityu ho jati hai. mrityu ko prapt hone vale logoan mean sarvadhik sankhya sahara afrika ke yuva aur bachchoan ki hoti hai. maleriya ko amataur par garibi se jo d kar dekha jata hai, kiantu yah khud apane ap mean garibi ka karan hai tatha arthik vikas ka pramukh avarodhak hai.

parichay

maleriya rog plasmodiyam gan ke protozoa parajivi ke madhyam se phailata hai. keval char prakar ke plasmodiyam parajivi manushy ko prabhavit karate hai, jinamean se sarvadhik khataranak plasmodiyam phailsipairam tatha plasmodiyam vivaiks mane jate haian, sath hi plasmodiyam ovel tatha plasmodiyam maleriye bhi manav ko prabhavit karate haian. is sare samooh ko 'maleriya parajivi' kahate haian. maleriya ke parajivi ka vahak mada enofilez machchhar hai. isake katane par maleriya ke parajivi lal rakt koshikaoan mean pravesh kar ke bahugunit hote haian, jisase raktahinata (enimiya) ke lakshan ubharate haian. isake alava avishisht lakshan, jaise- bukhar, sardi, ubakaee aur jukham jaisi anubhooti bhi dekhe jate haian. ganbhir mamaloan mean mariz moorchchha mean ja sakata hai aur mrityu bhi ho sakati hai.

itihas

maleriya rog lagabhag pachas hazar varshoan se manav ko prabhavit kar raha hai. jab se itihas likha ja raha hai, tab se maleriya ke varnan milate haian. sabase purana varnan chin se 2700 eesa poorv ka milata hai. maleriya shabd ki utpatti madhyakalin iteliyan bhasha ke shabdoan 'mala eriya' se huee hai, jinaka arth hai- 'buri hava'. ise 'daladali bukhar' ya 'eg' bhi kaha jata tha, kyoanki yah daladali kshetroan mean vyapak roop se phailata tha. maleriya par pahale pahal ganbhir vaijnanik adhyayan 1880 mean hua tha, jab ek fraansisi sainy chikitsak charls luee alphoans laiveran ne aljiriya mean kam karate hue pahali bar lal rakt koshika ke andar parajivi ko dekha tha. tab usane yah prastavit kiya ki maleriya rog ka karan yah protozoa parajivi hai. is tatha any khojoan hetu charls luee alphoans laiveran ko 1907 mean chikitsa ka 'nobel puraskar' diya gaya. is protozoa ka nam 'plasmodiyam' italiyan vaijnanikoan ettore marchiyaphava tatha aanjelo seli ne rakha tha.

isake ek varsh bad kyubaee chikitsak karlos phinale ne 'pit jvar' ka ilaj karate hue pahali bar yah dava kiya ki machchhar rog ko ek manushy se doosare manushy tak phailate haian. kiantu ise akaty roop pramanit karane ka kary briten ke sar ronald r aaus ne sikandarabad mean kam karate hue 1898 mean kiya tha. inhoanne machchharoan ki vishesh jatiyoan se pakshiyoan ko katava kar un machchharoan ki lar granthiyoan se parajivi alag kar ke dikhaya, jinhean unhoanne sankramit pakshiyoan mean pala tha.thumb|left|200px|plasmodiyam ka jivan chakr is kary hetu unhean 1902 ka chikitsa nobel mila. bad mean bharatiy chikitsa seva se tyagapatr dekar r aaus ne navasthapit livarapool skool aauf tr aaupikal medisin mean kary kiya tatha misr, panama, yoonan tatha m aaurishas jaise kee deshoan me maleriya niyantran karyoan me yogadan diya. phinale tatha r aaus ki khojoan ki pushti valtar rid ki adhyakshata mean ek chikitsakiy bord ne 1990 mean ki. isaki salahoan ka palan viliyam si. gorgas ne panama nahar ke nirman ke samay kiya, jisake chalate hazaroan mazadooroan ki jan bach saki. in upayoan ka prayog bhavishy mean is bimari ke viruddh kiya gaya.

maleriya ke viruddh pahala prabhavi upachar sinakona vriksh ki chhal se kiya gaya, jisamean kunain paee jati hai. yah vriksh peru desh mean endiz parvatoan ki dhalanoan par ugata hai. is chhal ka prayog sthaniy log lambe samay se maleriya ke viruddh karate rahe the. jisuit padariyoan ne qarib 1640 ee. mean yah ilaj yoorop pahuancha diya, jahaan yah bahut lokapriy hua. parantu chhal se kunain ko 1820 tak alag nahian kiya ja saka. yah kary aantatah fraansisi rasayanavidoan piyer joseph peletiye tatha joseph biyaanneme kaiveantu ne kiya tha, inhoanne hi kunain ko yah nam diya. 20vian sadi ke praranbh mean, entibayotik davaoan ke abhav mean, siphilis ke rogiyoan ko jan boojh kar maleriya se sankramit kiya jata tha. isake bad kunain dene se maleriya aur upadansh donoan kaboo mean a jate the. yadyapi kuchh marizoan ki mrityu maleriya se ho jati thi. siphilis se hone vali nishchit mrityu se yah nitaant behatar mana jata tha. yadyapi maleriya parajivi ke jivan ke rakt charan aur machchhar charan ka pata bahut pahale lag gaya tha, kiantu yah 1980 mean jakar pata laga ki yah yakrit mean chhipe roop se maujood rah sakata hai. is khoj se yah gutthi sulajhi ki kyoan maleriya se ubare mariz varshoan bad achanak rog se grast ho jate haian.

kaise phailata hai maleriya

1. maleriya ek parajivi roganu se hota hai, jise plasmodiyam kahate haian. ye roganu enopheliz jati ke mada machchhar mean hote haian aur jab yah kisi vyakh‍ti ko katati hai, to usake rakt ki nali mean maleriya ke roganu phail jate haian.
2. ye roganu vyakh‍ti ke kaleje ki koshikaoan tak pahuanchate haian aur vahaan inaki ginati badhati hai.
3. jab kaleje ki koshika phatati hai, to ye roganu vyakh‍ti ki lal rakt koshikaoan par hamala karate haian. vahaan bhi inaki ginati badhati hai.
4. maleriya ke roganu lal rakt koshikaoan par hamala karate haian, jis vajah se ve nasht ho jati haian
5. jab lal rakt koshika phatati hai, to roganu doosari lal rakt koshikaoan par hamala karate haian.
6. roganuoan ka lal rakt koshikaoan par hamala karane aur koshikaoan ke phatane ka silasila jari rahata hai. jab bhi lal rakt koshika phatati hai, to vyakh‍ti mean maleriya ke lakshan nazar ate haian.

rog ke lakshan

thumb|250px|maleriya parajivi ka jivan chakr maleriya rog ke samany lakshan nimnalikhit haian-

1. badan aur sir mean dard hona
2. ulti ana
3. julab banana
4. hath pairoan mean aithan hona
5. pletalets ka kam hona
6. tvacha par lal chakate hona
7. bhookh ki kami
8. ji machalana adi.

maleriya ki jaanch

[[chitr:Malaria-Parasite-Infected-Red-Blood-Cell.jpg|thumb|250|maleriya parajivi se grasit lal rakt koshika]] rogi mean maleriya ke lakshan nazar ane par ya maleriya ki shanka hone par d aauktar maleriya ka nidan karane ke lie nimn jaanch karate haian-

( 1.) rakt ki maikroskop jaanch - is rakt parikshan mean rogi vyakti ka rakt slaid par lekar sookshmadarshi se jaanch ki jati hai. maleriya ke parajivi slaid par nazar ane par maleriya ka nidan kiya jata hai. agar bukhar ke samay rogi ka rakt liya jaye to rakt mean maleriya ke parajivi nazar ane ki sambhavana adhik rahati hai. kabhi-kabhi maleriya ke parajivi rakt lete samay rakt mean n rahakar yakrit mean rahate haian, jis karan maleriya hote hue bhi yah jaanch negetiv a sakati hai.

(2.) kard test - isamean rogi vyakti ke rakt se siram alag kar kard par dala jata hai. agar siram mean plasmodiyam parajivi ke eantijan maujood rahate haian to yah jaanch p aaujitiv a jati hai.

(3.) pisiar test - pisiar jaanch mean rakt mean maleriya ke parajivi ke diene mean rahane par, yah parikshan p aaujitiv ata hai aur maleriya ka nidan kiya jata hai.

(4.) sibisi test - sibisi jaanch mean agar pletalets ka praman 1.5 lakh se kam ata hai aur rogi vyakti mean maleriya ke lakshan nazar ate haian to d aauktar ehatiyat ke taur par mariz ko maleriya ki dava dete haian.

bharat mean maleriya ka praman adhik hone ke karan agar jaanch mean maleriya negetiv ata hai aur phir bhi agar mariz ko bar-bar tej bukhar ata hai aur sath mean any bukhar ka koee karan nahian paya jata hai to d aauktar maleriya ka praranbhik upachar karate haian.

bachav

maleriya varsha mean hone vala tatha shighr prasarit hone vala rog hai, jo mada enafelij machchhar ke katane phailata hai. barish ke samay jagah-jagah par ekatrit hue pani mean ye machchhar apane aande dete haian. isake lie apane ghar ke as pas pani ikattha n hone dean. haphte mean ek bar koolar avashy saf karean. yadi sanbhav n ho to usamean petrol adi dal dean, as-pas p de toote-phoote bartan, tayar, pakshiyoan ke pani ke bartan mean barish ka pani eekattha n hone dean, kyoanki ye machchhar isi tarah ki gandagi mean panapata hai. rat ko sone se poorv apane sharir par eantipairasaitik krim lagaean aur sanbhav ho to machchhar dani mean hi soyean. isase machchhar ke katane ka khatara kam ho jata hai. barish ke mausam mean poori bajoo ke kap de pahanean aur apane sharir ko dhak kar rakhean. is mausam mean jitana ho sake bahar ka khana n khaean, kyoanki sankramit machchhar ke khane par baithane se khana bhi dooshit ho jata hai. pani ko ubal kar piyean, jisase usamean maujood sabhi ashuddhiyaan samapt ho jaean. machchharoan ko marane aur unhean bhagane vali davaoan ka prayog apane ghar mean karean. isase machchhar panapane ki sanbhavana kam hoti hai aur ham inake prakop se bache rahate haian.

ghareloo upachar

maleriya ka bukhar chadhata-utarata rahata hai, jisako samajh pana tho da mushkil hai, lekin ajakal vijnan dvara vikasit ki gayi takanikoan dvara hi is rog ka asani se pata lagaya ja sakata hai. rog ke sunishchit hone ke bad sahi ilaj aur dekhabhal ki avashyakata hoti hai, jo kee logoan ke lie sanbhav nahian ho pata. maleriya rog se bachav hetu kuchh asan ghareloo upachar is prakar haian-

1. tulasi mean paye jane vale gun maleriya ko jald se jald kam karane mean madad karate haian. isake lie tulasi ke 10 se 15 patte aur 8 se 10 kali mirch ka mishran banakar isaka sevan karean. isake atirikt in donoan padartho ko milakar inaki chay ka bhi sevan kar sakate haian.
2. maleriya ke ilaj mean mulethi ka bhi prayog kiya jata hai. isake lie 10 gram mulethi aur 10 gram kali mirch ko bhunakar ek sath pis lean. ab isamean 30 gram gu d milakar isaka sevan karean. yad rahe sevan ki matra 6 gram hi honi chahie. maleriya mean taze pani ke sath isaka sevan karane se maleriya bukhar jald hi kam hone lagega.
3. lahasun ka prayog bhi maleriya rog mean kiya jata hai. isake lie kachche lahasun ke tuk de khayean. isake atirikt lahasun ki do kaliyoan ko jaitoon ke tel mean milakar garm kar lean aur is tel se apane pairoan ke talavoan ki masaj karean. isake bad yah dhyan rakhean ki apane pairoan ko kisi kap de se lapet kar rakhean, isase maleriya mean jaldi aram aega.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• kya ap janate haian maleriya kya hai
• maleriya ke lakshan v upachar