ईवान एंड्रिविच क्रीलोव

eevan eandrivich krilov (1768-1844 ee.). roos ka rashtriy galpakar. isaka janm 14 pharavari, 1768 ee. ko masko mean ek sainik ke ghar hua tha. pita ki mrityu ke pashchath‌ vah 1779 ee. mean maan ke sath seant pitarsabarg (leninagrad) chala aya aur vahaan 1788 ee. tak ek sarakari naukari karata raha. usane 1783 ee. se hi likhana aranbh kar diya tha. 1784 ee. mean usane ‘kaphi ki dookanavala’ shirshak ek apera (giti-naty) likha tha jo 1868 tak aprakashit raha. usane kliyopetra (1785 ee.) aur philomela (1786 ee.) namak do du:khaant natak likhe; jinamean se pahale ka to ab pata bhi nahian haian. 1789 ee. mean ‘pochadukhov’ (bhoot ki dak) nam se ek majakiya masik patrika prakashit ki. 1792 ee. usane usi dhang ki ek doosari patrika nikali jo bad mean ‘seant pitarsabarg marakari’ nam se prakhyat huee. 1801 ee. mean usane ek ‘pir aaug’ namak natak likha jo seant pitarsabarg mean abhinit hua. par usake in sabhi prayasoan ka usaki khyati mean koee sthan nahian haian. use jin rachanaoan ke liye khyati prapt hai, ve sab usaki 37 varsh ki ayu ke bad ki haian. 1805 ee. mean usane la phauanten ke do galpoan ke anuvad dimitriv ko dikhae jinhean unhoanne bahut pasand kiya. isasean use protsahan mila. 1808 ee. mean usane 17 galp prakashit kie jinamean adhikaansh maulik the. 1809 ee. mean usake ‘phebels’ ka pahala sanskaran prakashit hua jinamean 23 galp the. in galpoan mean usane roosi prabuddhavarg ke phraansisi vastuoan ke aandhanukaran ka majak u daya tha. tabhi use raj-parivar ka sanrakshan prapt hua. 1811 ee. mean vah roosi akadami ka sadasy manonit hua aur 1823 ee. mean akadami ne use svarnapadak pradan kie. usake bad to usake pas sammanoan ke dher lag ge. 9 navanbar, 1844 ee. ko usaki mrityu huee.

roosi janata ko galpakar sada se priy rahe haian aur krilov to unake galpakaroan mean mahattam tha. la phauanten ke anuvadoan mean bhi usaki apani niji vishisht shaili ki abhivyakti hai. sarakari naukar hote hue bhi usane apani rachanaoan mean apana svatantr astitv banae rakha hai. sarakari ahalakar pray: usake chuhal ke patr rahe haian. krilov ke galp graminoan jaisi saral bhasha mean likhe ge haian; unamean nity prati ke jivan ki akarmanyata, gandagi, lalach adi ki chutaki li gee hai. krilov ki rachanaoan ka vrihadh sangrah seant pitarsabarg se 1844 ee. mean prakashit hua tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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