पुणे

sthapana

[[chitr:Sinhagarh-Fort-Pune.jpg|thumb|sianhagadh qila, pune
Sinhagarh Fort, Pune]] pune bhootapoorv poona shahar, maharashtr rajy, dakshin pashchim bharat, moola aur mootha nadiyoan ke sangam sthal par sthit hai. ‘dakkan ki rani’ ke nam se vikhyat pune marathiyoan ki saanskritik rajadhani hai. 17vian shatabdi mean maratha rajy ki rajadhani ke roop mean pahali bar is nagar ko mahatv prapt hua tha. kuchh samay tak is par mugaloan ka qabza raha, lekin bad mean 1714 se yah punah maratha rajy ki rajadhani ban gaya, aantatah 1817 mean yah aangrezoan ke adhikar mean chala gaya. isane banbee prezideansi ki mausami rajadhani ki bhoomika nibhaee aur azadi ke bad yah vikasashil desh ban gaya, jo har disha mean phail raha tha. vishesh roop se isaka vistar pune-muanbee rel aur s dak margoan ke samanaantar hua, jo pianpari aur chianchavad se guzarate haian.

bharat ke maharashtr rajy ka pune ek mahattvapoorn shahar hai. pune maharashtr ke pashchim bhag, mula v mutha in do nadiyoan ke kinare basa hai, aur jila ka prashasakiy mukhyalay hai. bharat ka pune satavaan sabase b da shahar v maharashtr ka doosara sabase b da shahar hai. pune sarvajanik sukhasuvidha v vikas ke hisab se maharashtr me muanbee ke bad agresar hai. is shahar me anek namaankit shikshan sanstha hone ke karan ise 'poorab ka aauksaford' bhi kaha jata hai.

itihas

prachin nam

pune nam 'punyanagari' nam se aya hai. yah shahar athavi shatabdi me 'punnak' (ya 'punyak') nam se jana jata tha, aisa sandarbh milata hai. kuchh samay bad yah 'kasabe pune' ya 'punavadi' nam se jana jane laga. maratha samrajy ke kal khand me shahar ka nam 'pune' me roop me upayog me laya jane laga. british ne use 'poona' kah kar sanbodhit karane ki shuruat ki. ab yah adhikarik nam pune se jana jata hai.

[[chitr:Infosys-Campus-Pune.jpg|inphosis, pune
Infosys, Pune|thumb|left]] pune shivaji maharaj ke jivan v maratha samrajy ke itihas ka ek mahatvapoorn aang hai. is prakar marathoan aur aangrezoan, donoan ko apani-apani shakti aur kamazori ka pata chal gaya aur agale bis varshoan tak unake bich shaanti rahi. maratha saradaroan mean apasi dushmani aur pratidvandvita chalati rahi aur 25 aktoobar 1802 ee. ko tatkalin peshava bajirav dvitiy ko apane changul mean karane ke lie shinde aur holkar mean poona ke bahar yuddh hua. bajirav dvitiy kayar aur sh dayantrakari tha aur use rajy ke hit ki koee chinta nahian thi. jis samay poona ka yuddh chal hi raha tha, vah pratidvandvi maratha saradaroan ke changul se apane ko bachane ke lie poona se bhagakar basee aangrezoan ki sharan mean chala gaya. vahaan usane 31 disambar 1802 ee. ko basee ki lajjajanak sandhi kar li, jisake dvara usane peshava pad phir se prapt karane ka manorath banaya tha. is prakar bajirav dvitiy ne maratha rajy ki svatantrata bech di aur vah aangrezoan ke dvara punah poona ki gaddi par asin kar diya gaya. parantu maratha saradaroan, vishesh roop se shinde, bhoansale aur holkar ne is vyavastha ko svikar nahian kiya aur phalasvaroop doosara maratha-yuddh (1803-05 ee.) chhi d gaya.

yah shahar 17vian shatabdi me nizamashahi, adilashahi, mugal aise vibhinn rajavansho ka aang raha hai. 17vian shatabdi me shahajiraje bhoansale ko nizamashaha ne pune ki jamiandari di thi. unaki patni jijabaee ne is jamiandari me 1627 me shivaneri qile par shivaji raje bhoansale ko janm diya. shivaji maharaj ne apane sathiyoan ke sath pune parisar me maratha samrajy ki sthapana ki. is kal me pune me shivaji maharaj ka varchasv tha. peshava ke kal me 1749 satara ko chhatrapati ki gaddi aur rajadhani bana kar pune ko maratha samrajy ki 'prashasakiy rajadhani' bana diya gaya. pune ki peshava ke kal me kafi tarakki huee. 1818 tak pune me marathoan ka rajy tha.

maratha samrajy

shivaji maharaj ke jivan v maratha samrajy ke itihas ka pune ek mahatvapoorn aang hai. jijabaee v shivaji maharaj jab 1635 se 1636 ke daramayan pune avas ke lie ae, tab se pune ke itihas me ek ne parv ka janm hua. shivaji maharaj v jijamata pune me lal mahal me rahate the. pune ke gramadevata- kasaba ganapati ki sthapana jijabaee ne ki thi.

svatantrata sangram

pune ke netaoan aur samaj sudharako ne bharatiy svatantra sangram me mahatvapoorn yogadan diya. lokamany tilak aur savarakar jaise netaoan ke karan pune rashtr ke naqshe par apane mahatv ko darshata raha. mahadev goviand ranade, viththal ramaji shiande, gopal krishna gokhale jaise samajasudharak v rashtriy khyati ke neta pune se the.

bhoogol

pune ka madhyabiandu pune ji.pi.o post aauphis ke bahar hai. ji.pi.o. pune sahyadri parvat ke poorv, aur samudratal se 560 mitar (1,837 phut) ki oochaanee par hai. bhima najadiki upanadiyaan mula v mutha ke sangam par yah shahar basa hai. pavana v iandrayani ye nadiyaan pune shahar ke uttar-pashchim disha me bahati hai. shahar ka sarvochch biandu vetal tekadi (samudratal se 800 mitar) hai, aur shahar ke pas ka sianhag d qile ki oochaanee 1300 mitar hai. pune shahar koyana bhookanp kshetr me ata hai jo pune shahar se 100 kilomitar dakshin disha mean hai. pune mean madhyam v chhote bhookanp ae hai.

jalavayu

pune shahar me tin rritu garmi, varsha v shit hoti haian. pune shahar ke march se mee tak ke sabase garm mahine haian. pune mean mee ke mahine mean barish ka mausam shuroo ho jata hai. arab sagar se joon ke mahine me manasoon ki havaean shuroo ho jati haian. pune mean julaee ke mahine mean sabase zyada barish hoti hai. pune mean barish me tapaman 20° se 28° selsiyas hota hai.

pune mean manasoon ke bad aktoobar ke mahine me din ke samay tapaman badhata hai magar rat ke samay thand hoti hai. yahaan navanbar se faravari tak ke mahinoan me sardi rahti hai. sardi ka samay pune mean bhet karane ke lie sarvottam samay hai. is samay din ka tapaman 29° selsiyas aur rat ka tapaman 10° selsiyas niche hota hai. pune mean tapaman disanbar v janavari mahinoan mean 5° se 6° selsiyas tak niche jata hai.

prajatiyaan

pune shahar ke dak karyalay se 25 kilomitar door trijya ke parisar me 1,000 pushp-vanaspati ki prajatiyaan, 104 phulapakhar ki prajatiyaan, 350 pakshiyo ki prajatiyaan aur 64 stanadhari praniyoan ki prajatiyaan paee gee hai.

yatayat aur parivahan

pune shahar bharat ke any mahatvapoorn shaharoan se s dak, relave v havaeemarg se ju da hua hai. pune ka vimanatal se pahale keval desh ke any shaharoan ke lie u dane thi, magar siangapur v dubee ke lie u da ane ke bad ise antararashtriy darja prapt hua hai.

krishi aur khanij

jvar, bajara, ganna aur chaval yahaan ki mukhy fasalean haian.

udyog aur vyapar

[[chitr:Purandarh-Fort-Pune-1.jpg|thumb|purandar qila, pune
Purandarh Fort, Pune]] maharashtr v bharat ka ek pune mahattvapoorn audyogik keandr hai. telko, bajaj aauto, bharat phorj jaise utpadanakshetr ke anek b de udyog yahaan hai. yahaan sthit adhunik vishal audyogik ikaiyoan mean kar, skootar, trak eantibayotak, aushadhi, adhunik abhiyaantriki purze tatha tel se chalane vale ianjanoan ka nirman hota hai. any ikaiyaan chianchavad tatha poorv mean bhosari samet asapas ke kshetroan mean sthit haian. ne udyog poone-sholapur marg par sthit sthan ko pasand karate haian.

1990 ke dashak me inphosis, tata kansaltansi sarvise, vipro, simaiantek, aibiem jaise prasiddh s aauphtavear kanpaniyoan ne pune me apane keanndr khole, aur yah shahar bharat ka ek pramukh soochana praudyogiki udyogakeandr ke roop me vikasit hua. pune ke asapas ke kshetr, jise ab vrihad (gretar) pune kaha jata hai. isamean sahyadri pahadiyaan, balaghat shrriankhala (uttar) aur mahadev pahadiyaan (dakshin) shamil hai, aur bhima nadi ki oopari ghati ka hissa bhi mila hua hai.

shikshan sansthan

labean arase se pune shaikshanik aur saanskritik keandr raha hai, poorv pradhanamantri javahar lal neharoo ise bharat ka aauksaford aur kaibrij kahate the. yahaan ke vikhyat shaikshanik sansthanoan mean pune vishvavidyalay (sthapana 1948), fargyusan k aaulej, ianstityoot aauf mainejameant ejukeshan aiand risarch, iantaraneshanal ianstityoot aauf mainejameant ejukeshan aiand risarch, iantaraneshanal ianstityoot aauf inf aaurmeshan teknol aauji, ianstityoot aauf mainejameant ejukeshan, maharashtr ekedami aauf ianjiniyariang aiand ejukeshanal risarch, ekedami aauf kamyunikeshn skil, ekedami aauf politikal aiand soshal risarch , chhatrapati shivaji medikal k aaulej, si.e. medikal k aaulej aauf altaranetiv medisin, k aaulej aauf kanpyootar aiand ilektr aauniks ianjiniyariang, di. ianstityoot aauf vokeshanal korses, ianstityoot aauf bijanes mainejameant aiand risarch, film aiand telivijan ianstityoot aauf iandiya, aur bi.di. ianstityoot aauf faishan teknol aauji shamil haian. yahaan aantarashtriy star ke shodh sansthan haian, jaise bhandarakar orieantal risarch ianstityoot (sthapana 1917), gokhale ianstityoot aauf p aaulitiks aiand ikon aaumiks tatha dakkan k aaulej post grejuet risarch ianstityoot, jo manav vishvavidyalay bhi hai aur itanr yoonivarsiti seantar f aaur estron aaumi aiand estrofiziks ek svayatt sanstha hai. [[chitr:University-Of-Pune.jpg|pune vishvavidyalay
University Of Pune|thumb|left]] is nagar mean sthit sarakari karyalayoan mean shiksha nideshalay, seankeandri skool sartifiket pariksha bord, maharashtr stet byooro tekst buk prodekshan aiand karikular risarch, tilak maharashtr vidyapith tatha vibhinn rajanitik, samajik aur shaikshik netaoan dvara sthapit sansthaoan dvara vitt pradatt shaikshanik sansthan shamil haian. yahaan keandr sarakar dvara prayojit sansthan, jaise bharatiy mausam vijnan aur neshanal ianstityoot aauf vayarol aauji bhi sthit haian. shahar ke pashchimi sima par kh dagavasala mean neshnal difeans akadami aur seantral vatar aiand pavar risarch steshan; uttar mean ianstityoot aauf tr aaupikal metarol aauji; pune vishvavidyalay parisar mean iantar yoonivarsiti seantar f aaur estron aaumi aiand estro fiziks; poorv mean kiraki mean pratiraksha utpadan ikaiyaan sthit haian. yahaan ek chhavani bhi hai, jisamean pratiraksha kaman ikaee aur armd forses medikal sthit haian.

janasankhya

pune ki janasankhya (2001) 25,40,069 hai, aur gramin kshetr ki janasankhya 80,191 hai. pune zile ki janasankhya 72,24,224 hai.

paryatan

pramukh dharmik, aitihasik aur paryatak sthal sahyadrike asapas tatha bhima nadi ke kinare sthit isaki dhalanoan par avasthit haian. sianhagadh jaise kuchh vikhyat maratha qile ab adhunik aramagah mean parivartit kar die ge haian. yahaan ke dharmik keandroan mean bhimashankar, jo bharat ke 12 jyotirliangoan mean se ek hai. sant kavi tukaram ka janm sthal dehoo, achary rajanish ka ashram (osho kamyoom iantaraneshanal seantar). isake nikat hi sant meharababa se sanbandhit sthan meharajad aur meharabad haian.