राजभाषा

bharat ki mukhy visheshata yah hai ki yahaan vibhinnata mean ekata hai. bharat mean vibhinnata ka svaroop n keval bhaugolik hai, balki bhashayi tatha saanskritik bhi hai. ek riport ke anusar bharat mean 1652 matribhashayean prachalan mean haian, jabaki sanvidhan dvara 22 bhashaoan ko rajabhasha ki manyata pradan ki gayi hai. sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 344 ke aantargat pahale keval 15 bhashaoan ko rajabhasha ki manyata di gayi thi, lekin 21vean sanvidhan sanshodhan ke dvara sindhi ko tatha 71vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan dvara nepali, koankani tatha manipuri ko bhi rajabhasha ka darja pradan kiya gaya. bad mean 92vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan adhiniyam, 2003 ke dvara sanvidhan ki athavian anusoochi mean char nee bhashaoan bodo, dogari, maithili tatha santhali ko rajabhasha mean shamil kar liya gaya. is prakar ab sanvidhan mean 22 bhashaoan ko rajabhasha ka darja pradan kiya gaya hai. bharat mean in 22 bhashaoan ko bolane vale logoan ki kul sankhya lagabhag 90% hai. in 22 bhashaoan ke atirikt aangrezi bhi sahayak rajabhasha hai aur yah mijoram, nagalaind tatha meghalay ki rajabhasha bhi hai. kul milakar bharat mean 58 bhashaoan mean skooloan mean padhayi ki jati hai. sanvidhan ki athavian anusoochi mean un bhashaoan ka ullekh kiya gaya hai, jinhean rajabhasha ki sanjna di gee hai.

sangh ki bhasha

sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 343 ke anusar sangh ki bhasha hindi aur lipi devanagari hogi lekin sanvidhan ke bad 15 varshoan tak arthath 1965 tak sandh ki bhasha ke roop mean aangrezi ka prayog kiya jana tha aur sansad ko yah adhikar diya gaya ki vah chahe to sangh ki bhasha ke roop mean aangrezi ke prayog ki avadhi ko badha sakati thi. isalie sansad ne 1963 mean rajabhasha adhiniyam, 1963 parit karake yah vyavastha kar di ki sangh bhasha ke roop mean aangrezi ka prayog 1971 tak karata rahega, lekin is niyam mean sanshodhan karake yah vyavastha kar di gayi ki sangh ki bhasha ke roop mean aangrezi ka prayog anishchit kal tak rahega.

bhashaean

anuchchhed 344 (1), 351, athavian anusoochi ke anusar 22 bhashaaian hai jinake nam is prakar hai:-

1. asamiya
2. baangla
3. gujarati
4. hindi
5. kann d
6. kashmiri
7. koank di
8. malayalam
9. manipuri
10. marathi
11. nepali
12. u diya
13. panjabi
14. sanskrit
15. sindhi
16. tamil
17. urdoo
18. telugu
19. bodo
20. dogari
21. maithili
22. santhali

rajabhasha ayog

sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 344 mean rashtrapati ko rajabhasha ayog ko gathit karane ka adhikar diya gaya hai. rashtrapati apane is adhikar ka prayog pratyek das varsh ki avadhi ke pashchath kareange. rajabhasha ayog mean un bhashaoan ke pratinidhiyoan ko shamil kiya jaega, jo sanvidhan ki athavian anusoochi mean vinirdisht haian. is prakar rajabhasha mean 18 sadasy hote haian.

rajabhasha ayog ka kary

rajabhasha ayog ka kartavy nimnalikhit vishayoan par rashtrapati ko sifarish dena hota hai—

• sangh ke shasakiy prayojanoan ke lie hindi bhasha ke adhikarik prayog ke vishay mean,
• sangh ke sabhi ya kinhian shasakiy prayojanoan ke lie aangrezi bhasha ke prayog ke nirbandhan ke vishay mean,
• uchchatam nyayalay aur uchch nyayalay ki karyavahiyoan mean aur sangh ki tatha rajy ke adhiniyamoan tatha unake adhin banaye gaye niyamoan mean prayog ki jane vali bhasha ke vishay mean,
• sangh ke kisi ek ya adhik ullikhit prayojanoan ke lie prayog kiye jane vale aankoan ke vishay mean,
• sangh ki rajabhasha tatha sangh aur kisi rajy ke bich athava ek rajy tatha doosare rajyoan ke bich patrachar ki bhasha tatha unake prayog ke vishay mean, aur
• sangh ki rajabhasha ke bare mean ya kisi any vishay mean, jo rashtrapati ayog ko sauanpe.

rashtrapati ne apane is adhikar ka prayog karake 1955 mean rajabhasha ayog ka gathan kiya tha. bi0 ji0 kher ko us samay rajabhasha ayog ka adhyaksh niyukt kiya gaya tha. is ayog ne 1956 mean apani riport rashtrapati ko sauanpi thi.

rajabhasha par sanyukt sansadiy samiti

rajabhasha ayog ki sifarishoan par vichar karane ke lie sanyukt sansadiy samiti ka gathan kiya jata hai. is samiti mean lokasabha ke 20 tatha rajyasabha ke 10 sadasyoan ko shamil kiya jata tha. sansadiy samiti rajabhasha ayog dvara ki gayi sifarishoan ka punarikshan karati hai.

sthayi rajabhasha ayog

sthayi rajabhasha ayog ke gathan ke sifarish sanyukt samiti ne ki thian is sifarish ke anusaran mean 1961 mean do sthayi rajabhasha ayog ka gathan kiya gaya hai, lekin 1976 mean sthayi rajabhasha ayog ko samapt kar diya gaya. jabaki vaijnanik aur takaniki shabdavali ayog ab bhi manav sansadhan vikas mantralay ke adhin kary kar raha hai.

rajy ki bhasha

sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 345 ke adhin pratyek rajy ke vidhanamandal ko yah adhikar diya gaya hai ki vah sanvidhan ki athavian anusoochi mean antarvisht bhashaoan mean se kisi ek ya adhik ko sarakari karyoan ke lie rajy bhasha ke roop mean aangikar kar sakata hai., kintu rajy ke paraspar sambandhoan mean tatha sangh aur rajyoan ke paraspar sambandhoan mean sangh ki rajabhasha ko hi pradhikrit bhasha mana jaega.

uchchatam aur uchch nyayalayoan tatha vidhanamandaloan ki bhasha

sanvidhan mean pravadhan kiya gaya hai ki jab tak sansad dvara qanoon banakar anyatha pravadhan n kiya jae, tab tak uchchatam nyayalay aur uchch nyayalayoan ki bhasha aangrezi hogi aur sansad tatha rajy vidhanamandaloan dvara parit qanoon aangrezi mean hoange. kisi rajy ka rajyapal rashtrapati ki anumati se uchch nyayalay ki karyavahi ko rajabhasha mean hone ki anumati de sakata hai.  

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh