लॉर्ड मैकाले

thumb|220px|l aaurd maikale l aaurd maikale, jisaka poora nam 'th aaumas baibiangatan maikale' tha, prasiddh aangrezi kavi, nibandhakar, itihasakar tatha rajanitijn tha. maikale ka janm 25 aktoobar, 1800 ee. mean hua tha aur mrityu 28 disambar, 1859 ee. mean huee thi. ek nibandhakar aur samikshak ke roop me usane british itihas par jamakar likha tha. sanh 1834 ee. se 1838 ee. tak vah bharat ki suprim kauansil mean l aau meanbar tatha l aau kamishan ka pradhan raha. bharatiy dand vidhan se sambandhit prasiddh granth 'di iandiyan pinal kod' ki lagabhag sabhi paandulipi isi ne taiyar ki thi. aangrezi bhasha ko bharat ki sarakari bhasha tatha shiksha ka madhyam aur yooropiy sahity, darshan tatha vijnan ko bharatiy shiksha ka lakshy banane mean isaka b da hath tha.

bharat agaman

1823 ee. mean maikale bairistar bana, parantu usane bairistari karane ki apeksha sarvajanik jivan pasand kiya. vah 1830 ee. mean british parliyament ka sadasy chuna gaya, aur 1834 ee. mean gavarnar-janaral ki ekjikyootiv kauansil ka pahala qanoon sadasy niyukt hokar bharat aya. bharat ka prashasan us samay tak jatiy dvesh tatha bhedabhav par adharit tatha damanakari tha. usane thos udar siddhantoan par prashasan chalane ki koshish ki. usane bharat mean samachar patroan ki svadhinata ka andolan kiya, qanoon ke samaksh yooropiyoan aur bharatiyoan ki samanata ka samarthan kiya. aangrezi ke madhyam se pashchimi dhang ki udar shiksha-paddhati arambh ki aur dand vidhan ka masavida taiyar kiya, jo ki bad mean 'bharatiy dand sanhita' ka adhar bana.

bharat ke prati maikale ke vichar

san 1835 ee. mean british parliyameant mean diye ge apane bhashan mean l aaurd mek aaule ne kaha tha-

"maianne lambaee se lekar chau daee tak samast bharat ki yatra ki hai, aur apani is yatra ke dauran maianne ek bhi aisa vyakti nahian dekha, jo ki bhikhari ho, chor ho. mujhe is desh mean aisi daulat, aisi uchch naitik mooly, aisi kshamata vale log dikhaee diye haian ki, maian nahian samajhata ki, jab tak ham yahaan ki adhyatmik aur saanskritik virasat, jo ki is desh ki ridh ki haddi hai, ko to d n dean, ham is desh ko kabhi bhi vijit kar payeange, aur isiliye maian prastavit karata hooan ki, ham usake purane aur prachin shiksha pranali, usaki sanskriti ko badal dean, taki bharatiy samajhane lagean ki, yah sab (apani vastuean) videshi haian aur aangrezi hamari apani bhasha se adhik mahan hai. ve apane atm samman, apani mool atm-sanskriti ko kho dean, aur vaise ban jayean, jaisa ki ham chahate haian. bharat sachamuch mean hamara shasit rashtr ban jaye."

avakash grahan karane ke bad bhi maikale bharat ke mamaloan mean dilachaspi leta raha aur 1855 ee. mean 'indiyan sivil sarvis' (bharatiy prashasanik seva) mean pravesh karane ke lie pratiyogita pariksha arambh karane ke paksh mean bhi usane british parliyament mean bhashan kiya tha.

mrityu

maikale ajivan sahity seva karata raha aur 1857 ee. mean use ‘piar’ ki padavi pradan ki gee. do sal bad 1859 ee. mean usaki mrityu ho gee.

rachanaean

l aaurd maikale ne aangrezi bhasha mean anek pustakean likhi haian, jinamean ‘arbhada’ (1833 ee.), ‘prachin rom ke gitikavy’ (1842 ee.), ‘nibandh’ (1825-1843 ee.), tatha char khandoan mean ‘ianglaind ka itihas’ (1848-1858 ee.) sabase mahattvapoorn haian. antim pustak bahut adhik biki aur usase 20 hazar paund ki ay huee. isaka yoorop ki vividh bhashaoan mean anuvad hua hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bhattachary, sachchidanand bharatiy itihas kosh, dvitiy sanskaran-1989 (hindi), bharat diskavari pustakalay: uttar pradesh hindi sansthan, 383.