वैदिक काल

siandhu sabhyata ke patan ke bad jo navin sanskriti prakash mean ayi usake vishay mean hamean sampoorn janakari vedoan se milati hai. isalie is kal ko ham 'vaidik kal' athava vaidik sabhyata ke nam se janate haian. chooanki is sanskriti ke pravartak ary log the isalie kabhi-kabhi ary sabhyata ka nam bhi diya jata hai. yahaan ary shabd ka arth- shreshth, udatt, abhijaty, kulin, utkrisht, svatantr adi haian. yah kal 1500 ee.poo. se 600 ee.poo. tak astitv mean raha.

rrigvaidik kal 1500-1000 ee.poo.

srot- rrigvaidik kal ke adhyayan ke lie do prakar ke sakshy upalabdh haian-

puratatvik sakshy
sahityik sakshy

(1) puratatvik sakshy- isake aantargat nimnalikhit sakshy upalabdh prapt hue haian-

chitrit dhoosar mridabhand
khudaee mean hariyana ke pas bhagavan pura mean mile 13 kamaroan vala makan tatha panjab mean bhi prapt tin aise sthal jinaka sambandh rrigvaidik kal se jo da jata hai.
bogaj-koee abhilekh / mitalpi abhilekh (1400 ee.poo- is lekh mean hitti raja shubviluliyum aur mittanni raja mattiuaja ke madhy huee sandhi ke sakshi ke roop mean vaidik devata indr, mitr, varun aur nasaty ka ullekh hai.

(2) sahityik sakshy- rrigved mean 10 mandal evan 1028 mandal sookt hai. pahala evan dasavaan mandal bad mean jo da gaya hai jabaki doosara se 7 vaan mandal purana hai.

aryo ka agaman kal

aryo ke agaman ke vishay mean viddhanoan mean matabhed hai viktaranitj ne aryo ke agaman ki tithi ke 2500 ee. nirdharit ki hai jabaki balagangadhar tilak ne isaki tithi 6000 ee.poo. nirdharit ki hai. maiksamoolar ke anusar inake agaman ki tithi 1500 ee.poo. hai. vartaman samay mean maiksoomoolan ne mat svikary haian.

aryo ka mool sthan

d aau. avinash chandr dras ne apani pustak 'Rigvedic India' (rrigvaidik iandiya) mean bharat mean sapt saiandhav pradesh ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan mana hai.
mahamopadhyay pan. ganganath jha ne bharat mean braharshi desh ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan mana haian.
d aau. rajabali pandey ne bharat mean madhy desh ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan mana hai.
el.di. kalla ne bharat mean kashmir athava himalay pradesh aryoan ka mool nivas sthan mana hai.
shri di.es. trivedi ne multan pradesh mean devika nadi ke as pas ke kshetr ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan mana hai.
svami dayanand sarasvati ne tibbat ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan mana hai. yah varnan inaki pustak 'satyarth prakash' evan 'indiyan historikal tredishan' mean milata hai.
maiks moolar ne madhy eshiya ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan bataya. maiks moolan ne isaka ullekh lekchars an d saians aph laigyuejej mean kiya hai.
je.ji.rod aryo ka adi desh baiktriya manate hai.
bal gangadhar tilak ne uttari dhruv ko aryo ka mool nivas mana hai. yah varnan inaki pustak 'The Arctic HOme of the Aryans' mean milata hai.
pi. gails ne yoorop mean denyoob nadi ki ghati evan hangari ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan mana hai.
penka ne jarmani ko aryo ka mool nivas sthan bataya hai.
edavard meyar, oldenavarg, kith ne madhy eshiya ke pamir kshetr. ko aryo ka mool sthan mana hai.
nehariang evan gardan chails ne dakshini roos ko aryo ka mool sthan mana hai.

aryo ke mool nivas ke sandarbh mean sarvadhik pramanik mat alpas parv ke poorvi bhag mean sthit yooreshiya ka hai.

aryo ke adi sthal
adi (mool sthan)	mat
saptasaiandhav kshetr	d aau. avinash chandr, d aau sampoornanand
brahmarshi desh	pan ganganath
madhy desh	d aau. rajabali pandey
kashmir	el.di. kalla
devika pradesh (multan)	di.es. trivedi
uttari dhuhrav pradesh	bal gangadhar tilak
hangari (yoorop) (denyoob nadi ki ghati)	pi gails
dakshini roos	nehariang gardan chailds
jarmani	penka
yoorop	philippo sesseti, sar viliyam jons
pamir evan baiktriya	edavard meyar evan olden varg je.ji. rod
madhy eshiya	maiksamoolar
tibbat	dayanand sarasvati
himalay (manas)	ke.ke. sharma

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah