उत्तिरमेरूर

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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[[chitr:Uthiramerur-Temple.jpg|thumb|uttirameroor mandir, kaanchipuram|250px]] uttirameroor, uttarameroor athava uttaramerur (aangrezi: Uthiramerur) dakshin bharat mean tamilanadu rajy ke kaanchipuram zile ka ek panchayati gram hai. chol rajy ke aantargat brahmanoan (agrahar) ke ek b de gram mean dasavian shatabdi ke pashchath anek shilalekh sthaniy rajaniti par prakash par prakash dalate haian, jo is prakar haian-

  • gram 30 bhagoan mean vibhajit tha, jinamean se pratyek bhag ka pratinidhi latari dvara chuni gee varshik parishad mean upasthit hota tha. parishad paanch upasamitiyoan mean vibhajit thi jinamean se tin kramash: udyanoan tatha vatikaoan, talaboan tatha sianchaee aur jhag doan ke nibatare ke lie uttaradayi thian, jabaki aantim do ke kary anishchit haian.
  • sadasy avaitanik hote the tatha durvyavahar ke karan padachyut kiye ja sakate the. parishad mean sammilit hone ka adhikar sampatti yogyata dvara simit tha, jisamean makan tatha chhota bhoo-bhag sammilit tha. sadasyata 35 tatha 70 varsh ki ayu ke madhy vale vyaktiyoan ke lie simit thi jo ek varsh tak karyabhar sanbhal lete the, ve tin varsh ke lie pun: niyukti hetu ayogy ho jate the.
  • uttirameroor vidhan ki do aantim visheshataean any gramoan ke vidhanoan mean bhi payi jati haian, jinaki lekha aj bhi prapt haian. aisa pratit hota hai ki sabhi ne yuvakoan tatha vriddhoan ke pravesh ka apani parishadoan mean nishedh kar diya tha aur kuchh mean nyoonatam ayu 40 varsh nishchit ki gayi thi. adhikaansh ne vishram-grahan kiye hue sadasyoan ki pun:niyukti par pratibandh laga diye the. nissandeh yah bhrashtachar-nivaran ke liye tatha vyaktigat prabhav ki vriddhi ko rokane ke lie kiya gaya tha. ek sthan mean to kisi vishram-grahan karane vale sadasy ke nikat sambandhiyoan ko sadasyata se paanch varsh ke lie vanchit kar diya tha, doosare sthan par vishram prapt sadasy ki das varsh tak pun: niyukti nahian ho sakati thi.

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif uttirameroor se pallav evan chol kal ke lagabhag do sau abhilekh mile haian. in abhilekhoan se parijnat hota hai ki pallav evan chol shasan ke antargat gram adhikatam svayattata ka upabhog karate the. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

  • dakshin ki ye parishadean n keval jhag doan ka nibatara karati thian tatha sarakar ki sima ke bahar samajik karyoan ka prabandh karati thian, apitu malagujari ekatr karane, vyaktigat sahayog ka mooly nirdharit karane ki batachit ke lie uttaradayi thian. gaanv ki banjar bhoomi ka svamitv vikray adhikar sahit nishchit roop se unaka tha tatha ve sianchaee, marg-nirman tatha any janakaryoan mean vishesh ruchi rakhate the. unake adan pradan ka vivaran gram ke mandiroan ki divaroan par aankit rahata tha jisase ek shaktishali samudayik jivan ka abhas milata hai aur jo prarambhik bharatiy rajaniti ke sarvashreshth aansh ke sthayi smarak haian.[1]

itihas

uttirameroor se pallav evan chol kal ke lagabhag do sau abhilekh mile haian. in abhilekhoan se parijnat hota hai ki pallav evan chol shasan ke antargat gram adhikatam svayattata ka upabhog karate the. 10vian shatabdi ka ek lekh aj bhi ek mandir ki divar par khuda hai, jo yah batata hai ki chol shasan ke antargat sthaniy 'sabha' kis prakar kary karati thi. sabha ka chunav upayukt vyaktiyoan mean se latari nikalakar hota tha. gram star par svayattata itani thi ki prashasan ke uchch staroan aur rajanitik dhaanche mean hone vale parivartanoan se gaanv ka dainandin jivan aprabhavit rahata tha. yah isalie sambhav ho saka tha, kyoanki gaanv paryapt roop se atmanirbhar the. adhunik panchayatoan ki chol kalin sthaniy prashasan se tulana karana sarthak evan ruchikar hoga. [2]

prajatantr ka sanvidhan

[[chitr:Uthiramerur-temple-2.jpg|thumb|uttirameroor mandir, kaanchipuram]] un rajaoan ke jamane mean bhi gram prashasan mean prajatantr ka jo anokha udaharan milata hai, usase sahaj hi anuman lagaya ja sakata hai ki un dinoan hamari samajik vyavastha kitani susabhy aur unnat thi. bas adde ke pas hi ek shiv mandir hai. usaki divaroan par charoan taraph hamare sanvidhan ki dharaoan ki tarah gram prashasan se sanbandhit vistrit niyamavali utkirn hai jisamean gram sabha ke sadasyoan ke nirvachan vidhi ka bhi ullekh milata hai. ise raja parantaga suandara chol ne apane shasan ke 14 vean varsh utkirn karavaya tha. un dinoan gram sabha ke sadasyoan ke nirvachan hetu jo paddhati apanaee jati thi. use “kudamolai paddhati” kaha gaya hai. koodam ka arth hota hai mataka aur olai ta d ke patte ko kahate hai. gaanv ke keandr mean kahian ek b de matake ko rakh diya jata tha aur nagarik, ummedavaroan mean se apane pasand ke vyakti ka nam ek ta d patr par likh kar matake mean dal diya karate the. bad mean usaki ganana hoti thi aur gram sabha ke sadasyoan ka chunav ho jaya karata tha. utkirn abhilekhoan ke adhar par kaha ja sakata hai ki gram sabha ki sadasyata ke lie jo nirdharit manadand the ve hamean sharmianda karate haian. nirvachan mean bhag lene ke lie jo patrataean darshaee gee haian ve nimnanusar haian.[3]

  1. pratyek ummedavar ke pas ek chauthaee veli (bhoomi ka kshetr) krishi bhoomi ka hona avashyak hai.
  2. anivaryatah usake pas svayan ka ghar ho.
  3. ayu 35 ya usase adhik parantu 70 varsh se kam ho.
  4. mool bhoot shiksha prapt kiya ho aur vedoan ka jnata ho.
  5. pichhale tin varshoan mean us pad par na raha ho.[3]
aise vyakti gram sabha ke sadasy nahian ban sakate
  1. jisane shasan ko apani ay ka byora na diya ho.
  2. yadi koee bhrasht acharan ka doshi paya gaya ho to usake khud ke atirikt usase rakt se ju da koee bhi vyakti sat pidhiyoan tak ayogy rahega.
  3. jisane apane kar na chukae hoan.
  4. grihasth rah kar par stri gaman ka doshi.
  5. hatyara, mithya bhashi aur darookhor ho .
  6. jis kisi ne doosare ke dhan ka hanan kiya ho
  7. jo aise bhojy padarth ka sevan karata ho jo manushyoan ke khane yogy na ho.[3]

dand ka pravadhan

thumb|uttirameroor mandir ki divaroan par prajatantr sanbandhi abhilekh|250px gram sabha ke sadasyoan ka karyakal vaise to 360 dinoan ka hi rahata tha parantu is bich kisi sadasy ko anuchit karmoan ke lie doshi pae jane par balapoorvak hatae jane ki bhi vyavastha thi. us samay ke logoan ki prashasanik evan rajanitik soojaboojh ka aandaza isi bat se lagata hai ki lok sevakoan ke lie vaiyaktik tatha sarvajanik jivan mean acharan ke lie adarsh manak nirdharit the. galat acharan ke lie jurmane ki vyavastha banaee gayi thi. jurmana gram sabha hi lagati thi aur jise bhi yah saza milati, use dusht kah kar pukara jata. jurmane ki rashi prashasak dvara usi vittiy varsh mean vasoolana hota tha anyatha gram sabha sanjnan lete hue svayan mamale ka nipatara karati. jurmane ki rashi ke patane mean deri kie jane par vilamb shulk bhi lagaya jata tha. nirvachit sadasy bhi galatiyoan ke lie jurmane ke bhogi ban sakate the.

vahaan se prapt shilalekhoan se pata chalata hai ki har vyavasay ko paradarshi banae rakhane ke lie parikshan ki vyavastha banaee gayi thi. isake lie ek 10 sadasyoan vali samiti hoti thi jo satyapit karati thi. 3 mah mean ek bar gram sabha ke sammukh upasthit hokar is samiti ko shapath lena hota tha ki unhoanne koee bhrasht acharan nahian kiya hai. isi tarah alag alag karyoan ke lie samitiyoan ka gathan kiya jata tha jaise, jal apoorti, udyan tatha vaniki, krishi unnayan adi adi aur aise har samiti ke lie alag se disha nirdesh bhi die gaye hai. sarvajanik vidyalayoan mean vyakhyataoan ki niyukti ke bhi niyam the. anivary roop se ve shastroan, vedoan adi ke jnata rahate the, aur sadaiv bahar se hi bulae jate the.[3]

mandir ki divaroan se mile shilalekh [4]

uttirameroor ke mandir ki divar par khuda lekh vistarapoorvak batata hai ki sthaniy 'sabha' kis prakar kary karati thi. yah lekh dasavian shatabdi ka hai. isamean likha hai:

tis halake hoange. in tis halakoan mean pratyek halake ke nivasi ekatrit hoange aur inamean se aise pratyek vyakti ko chuneange jinamean latari dvara chune jane ke lie nimnalikhit yogyataean hoangi:

  • usake pas ek-chauthaee adhik dene yogy bhoomi ho. vah apani hi bhoomi par bane hue makan mean rahata ho. usaki ayu sattar varsh se kam aur paiantis varsh se adhik ho. vah mantroan aur brahmanoan ka jnan rakhata ho.

yadi vah bhoomi ke keval athavean bhag ka svami ho to bhi usaka nam sammilit kar liya jaega basharte ki usane ek ved aur charoan bhashyoan mean ek kanthasth kiya ho. in yogyataoan ko rakhane valoan mean se keval ve vyakti lie jaeange jo sabha ityadi ki karyavahiyoan se parichit aur sachcharitr haian. jo eemanadar se apani ajivika kamata hai, jisaka man pavitr hai tatha jo aantim tin varshoan mean kisi bhi samiti ka sadasy nahian raha hai vah bhi chuna jaega. jo kisi bhi samiti ka sadasy to raha hai parantu jisane apana hisab nahian diya hai vah aur usake nimnalikhit sanbandhi tikatoan par apana nam likhavane ke adhikar nahian hoange: thumb|uttirameroor mandir ki divaroan par prajatantr sanbandhi abhilekh|250px

usaki chhoti tatha b di mausiyoan ke putr.
usaki bua tatha mama ke putr.
usake pita ka sahodar bhaee.
usake mata ka sahodar bhaee.
usaka sahodar bhaee.
usaka shvasur.
usaki patni ka sahodar bhaee.
usaki sahodar bahin ke putr.
usaki sahodar bahin ka pati.
usaka jamata.
usaka pita.
usaka putr.

  • vah vyakti bhi tikat par nam likhavane ka adhikari nahian hoga jisake viruddh nikat sanbandhi se vyabhichar athava paanch mahapapoan mean char mahapap darj hoan. (yah paanch mahapap haian: brahmahatya, madirapan, chori, vyabhichar, tatha aparadhiyoan ka sang). usake uparokt sabhi sanbandhi latari dvara nahian chune ja sakeange. jo nimn logoan ki sangati ke karan asprishy ho gaya hai vah us samay tak nahian chuna jaega.

jab tak ki vah prayashchit nahian kar leta.
jo du:sahasi hai.....
jisane doosaroan ki sampatti churaee hai......
jisane varjit bhojan kiya hai......
jisane pap kiya hai aur jise shuddhi ke lie prayashchit karana p da hai.......

  • in sabako chho dakar tis vardoan ke lie tikatoan par nam likhe jaeange aur in barah galiyoan mean pratyek vard tis vardoan ke lie tikatoan ke alag-alag paiket taiyar karega. ye paiket ek gh de mean rakh diye jaeange. tikat nikale jane ke samay yuva aur vriddh sadasyoan sahit mahasabha ki poori baithak bulaee jaegi. mandiroan ke samast purohit jo us din us gram mean hoange, bina kisi apavad ke, us bhitari h aaul mean bithae jaeange, jahaan mahasabha ki baithak hogi.thumb|uttirameroor mandir par abhilekh|250px]]
  • mandir ke purohitoan mean sabase vayovriddh vyakti kh da hokar gh da oopar uthaega taki sab log use dekh sakean. nikat kh de hue kisi l dake dvara-jo yah nahian janata ki isamean se ek tikat nikalakar panch niyukt kiya jaega. is prakar die ge tikat ko panch apani khuli hatheli par prapt karega. vah is tikat ko padhakar sunaega. phir us kaksh mean upasthit tikat ko padheange. is prakar padha gaya nam svikar kar liya jaega. isi prakar tis halakoan mean se pratyek ke lie ek-ek vyakti chuna jaega.
  • is prakar chune ge tis vyaktiyoan mean se jo upavan samiti ya jalashay samiti par rah chuke hoange, aur jo jnanavan tatha anubhavi hoange, ve varshik samiti ke lie chune jaeange. shesh mean se barah upavan samiti ke lie chune jaeange aur chhah jalashay samiti ke lie. in samitiyoan ke mahanh vyakti pure 360 din tak padadhikari rahakar avakash grahan kareange. is kameti ka koee sadasy yadi kisi aparadh ke lie doshi paya gaya to use tatkal apane pad se hata diya jaega. inake avakash grahan ke pashchath samiti niyukt karane ke lie barah galiyoan ki nyay nirikshan samiti niyukt ki jaegi.
  • panch-sootri samiti aur svarn-samiti niyukt ke lie tisoan vardoan mean gh de ke tikat ke lie nam likhe jaeange (pranali vahi hogi). jo gadhe par chadh chuka hai (arthath jo dandit ho chuka hai) athava jisane jalasaji ki hai vah sammilit nahian kiya jaega. koee panch jo eemanadari se ajivika kamata hai, vah gaanv ka lekha- jokha rakhega. is pad ke lie tab tak koee likhakar pun: niyukt nahian kiya jaega, jab tak ki vah mukhy samiti ke mahanh purushoan ko apana hisab prastut nahian kar deta aur vah eemanadar ghoshit nahian kar diya jata. jo hisab vah likhata raha hai, use vah svayan poora karega aur isake lie any koee vyakti nahian chuna jaega. is prakar is varsh se age jab tak chaand aur soory chamakate raheange, samitiyaan sadaiv latari se niyukti ki jaya kareangi ham, uttirameroor ki sabha 'chaturvedimangalam' ne apane gram ki samriddhi ke lie yah vyavastha ki hai taki dusht logoan ka nash ho aur shesh samriddh hoan. is sabha mean baithe hue mahanh vyaktiyoan ke adesh se, maianne, panch kadadipottan shivakkuri raj mallamangalapriy ne is prakar ki vyavstha likhi hai.

doosare shilalekh mean bhi pray: isi pranali ka ullekh hai, lekin yogyataoan, apekshaoan, svikrit vyay ki tadad mean tho da aantar hai. mahasabha ki baithak naga da bajakar bulaee jati thi aur yah baithak sadharanataya mandir ke ahate mean hoti thi. in gram sabhaoan mean paraspar sahakar sahayog ek am bat thi.


tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ vasham, e.el. adbhut bharat (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: shivalal agraval kanpani, agara-3, 74.
  2. ↑ jain, d aau. hukam chand bharatiy aitihasik sthal kosh (hindi). bharatadiskavari pustakalay: jain prakashan mandir, jayapur, 34.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 1000 varsh poorv ke prajatantr ka sanvidhan (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) malhar bl aaug. abhigaman tithi: 29 agast, 2011.
  4. ↑ thapar, romila bharat ka itihas, 1975 (hindi), bharatadiskavari pustakalay: rajakamal prakashan, nee dilli, 183-185.

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