फोर्ट विलियम कॉलेज
[[chitr:Fort-William-College.jpg|thumb|300px|phort viliyam k aaulej, kolakata]] phort viliyam k aaulej ki sthapana lard velejali ke samay[1] mean huee. velejali ne bharat akar yah anubhav kiya ki kampani ke karmachari keval ek vyaparik sanstha ke karmachari nahian balki ab ek sarakar ke adhikari haian. unamean shiksha, janabhasha-jnan aur sadacharan ki avashyakata hai. at: unaki shiksha-diksha ke lie j aaun gilakraist ki adhyakshata mean unhoanne 'oriyantal saiminari' ki sthapana ki.
sthapana
bad mean yahi sanstha 'phort viliyam k aaulej' ke roop mean parivartit huee. phort viliyam k aaulej ki shthapana tipoo sultan par briten ki nirnayak vijay ki yad mean 10 julaee ko 'markes aauph velejali' ne 1800 eesvi mean kolakata mean ki thi aur gilakraist usake hindustani vibhag ke adhyaksh niyukt kiye gaye.
uddeshy
yah k aaulej briten ke yuva sivil adhikariyoan ke samanhy shikshan aur prashikshan ka keandr tha. is k aaulej mean sena ke kanishth adhikariyoan ko bhi pravesh ki anumati thi, bad mean yah k aaulej prachin kalin adhhyayan karyoan ka ek mahathvapoorn keandr ban gaya, jahaan bharatiy aur british vidvanh vibhinhn bharatiy bhashaoan ke adhunikikaran ke lie vibhinhn bhashayi shodh yojanaoan par milakar kam karate the, lekin kanpani ka nideshak mandal is sanshthan ko ek kharchile anubhav ki sanjna deta tha, isalie 1806 mean 'markes aauph velejali' ki shvadesh vapasi ke bad is sanshthan ko anek arthik sankatoan ka samana karana p da, jisake phalashvaroop yah sanshtha ek shikshan sanshtha ke roop mean hi kary kar saki.[2]
arthik sankat
bad ke ek dashak ke dauran is sanshthan ne kanpani ke sivil adhikariyoan ke pariksha keandr ke roop mean bhi kary jari rakha, lekin bad mean jab shikshan sanshthan ke roop mean is k aaulej ki haisiyat samapht kar di gee to isaki adhikash pushtakean aur paandulipi eshiyatik sosaiti aauph bangal ke hishse mean a geean, shesh pushtakean 'imhpiriyal laibreri' (neshanal laibreri kolakata) aur 'imhpiriyal rik aaurd dipartameant' (neshanal arkaibhs aauph iandiya arthath rashhtriy abhilekhagar) ko sauanp di geean. rashhtriy abhilekhagar mean upalabhdh 742 durlabh pushtakean aur 199 paandulipi, kshetriy sahityik, aitihasik, pashupalan, jhyotishashashtr, aitihasik yatra vivaranoan, bhaugolik bayographik aur am abhiruchi ke anhy vishayoan ke adhhyayan ke lie athyant upayogi haian.[3]
phort viliyam k aaulej aur hiandi
gady ke kshetr mean, kh di boli ki pratishtha ne kavyajagat mean usake prayog ki pithika taiyar ki, yadyapi usaki svikriti lambe antaral ke bad, adhunikata ka ek charan bitane ke sath huee. adhunik kal mean kh di boli ke arambhik prayog ke sanbandh mean d aau. ramasvaroop chaturvedi likhate haian- 'jis samay riti kal ke aantim prasiddh kavi padmakar brajabhasha ka parishkar theth hindi kshetr mean rahakar apane kavitt-savaiyoan mean kah rahe haian, usi samay sudoor rajadhani kalakatte mean hindi gady ke sath naye prayog chal rahe haian. dharmik granthoan ke anuvad ya tatsambandhi vrittantoan ke roop mean kuchh purana brajabhasha ya kh di boli hindi gady ka roop abhi tak milata tha, par vyavaharik uddeshyoan ke liye niyojit gady ka sajag roop mean prayog yahaan se arambh hota hai. spasht hi ye naye prayog 1800 ee. mean sansthapit phort viliyam k aaulej ke priansipal d aau. j aaun vaurthavik gilakraist dvara hindi/hindustani gady mean likhavaee gee lekhoan ke roop mean the. in lekhoan mean lalloo lal ki rachana ‘premasagar’ aur sadal mishr ki rachana ‘chandravati’ ya ‘nasiketopakhyan’ vishesh mahattvapoorn hai. sanvat 1860 arthath sanh 1803 ee. mean likhi gee in donoan hi rachanaoan ki bhoomika mean kh di boli ke arambhik prayog ka sanket kramash: yoan milata hai -
‘shriyukt gunagahak guniyan sukhadayak jan gilakirist mahashay ki ajna se sanvath 1860 mean lallooji kavi brahman gujarati sahasr avadich agare vale ne visaka sar le yamini bhasha chho d dilli agare ki kh diboli mean kah nam premasagar dhara.’[4]
prakashan yojana
inamean gil kraist ne madhy ya vishuddh hindustani shaili ko prathamikata di. isamean urdoo pharasi ka bahuly rahata tha par usaka mool dhaancha hindi par hi adharit tha, jisake karan unaki vishesh maang par 19 pharavari sanh 1802 ee. mean k aaulej kausil ne bhasha muanshi ke pad par lalloo ji lal ki niyukti ki. gil kraist ne hindustani mean pathay pustakoan ka abhav dekhakar prakashan ki ek yojana chalayi jisake aantargat sianhasan battisi, baital pachchisi, shakuantala natak aur madhavanal ka ullekh milata hai.
mahattv
phort viliyam k aaulej ka mahattv pustakoan ke prakashan tatha taim sambandhi sudharoan ke lie adhik hai. 26 pharavari sanh 1804 ko gilakraist ke tyag patr dene se bhashayi drishti se sudhar varshoan tak nahian hua balki adhikaansh aangrez adhikariyoan evan vidvanoan dvara hindi ke mahattv ko samajhane ke bavajood bhi ve use upeksha ki drishti se dekhate rahe. telar royebak, prais adi k aaulej ke paravarti adhikariyoan ne hiandi shiksha ke hras ka sanket bhi kiya hai. telar ke bad prais hindustani vibhag ke adhyaksh hue. ve apane ko hindi prophesar kahate the. aur hindi aur hindustani mean lipi tatha shabdoan ka mukhy aantar manate the.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ sanh 1800 ee.
- ↑ phort viliyam ki durlabh pushtakoan ki pradarshani (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 20 navambar, 2011.
- ↑ phort viliyam ki durlabh pushtakoan ki pradarshani (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 20 navambar, 2011.
- ↑ kh diboli ka vikas (hiandi). . abhigaman tithi: 20 navambar, 2011.
dhireandr, varma “bhag- 2 par adharit”, hiandi sahity kosh (hiandi), 362.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh