मूर्ति कला मथुरा 6

moorti kala mathura : moorti kala mathura 2 : moorti kala mathura 3 : moorti kala mathura 4 : moorti kala mathura 5 : moorti kala mathura 6

moorti kala mathura 6 / sangrahalay

mathura kala se sambandhit any jnatavy vishay

pichhale adhyayoan mean mathura ki kala- visheshataya puratattv sangrahalay mathura mean pradarshit pashan moortiyoan ki kala- ka parichay poora hua. yah to spasht hi hai yah parichay atishay sankshipt hai aur isalie isamean mathuri kala aur isase sambandhit anek batoan ka keval sanket hi kiya gaya hai. tathapi sadharan pathak ke lie kuchh batean aisi bach jati haian jinaki kianchit vistar se charcha karana avashyak pratit hota hai.

mathura kala ka madhyam

uttar guptakal ke prarambh tak mathura ke kalakaroan ne jo moortiyaan banaee ya bhavan nirman kie unake lie unhoanne ek vishesh prakar ka lal chittedar patthar kam mean laya. yah patthar mathura mean ab bhi vipulata se vyavahrit hota hai. isaki prapti roopavas, tankapur aur fatehapur sikari ki khanoan se hoti hai. moorti gadhane ki drishti se yah patthar paryapt mridu hota hai, par is par lonoan ka asar adhik hota hai. isi ka phal yah hai ki kitani hi moortiyaan kal ke prabhav se ab gali ja rahi haian. sanbhav hai ki isake durgan ko dekhakar hi madhyakal ke prarambh se kalakaroan ne moortiyoan ke lie usaka prayog karana chho d diya ho. [[chitr:Relief-Showing-Buddha's-Descent-From-Trayastrimsa-Heaven-Mathura-Museum-47.jpg|thumb|250px|saqissa mean bhagavan buddh ka svargavataran
Relief Showing Buddha's Descent From Trayastrimsa Heaven]] [[chitr:Railing-Pillars-And-A-Cross-Bar-Showing-Bodhi-Tree-And-Wheel-Of-Law-Mathura-Museum-61.jpg|thumb|250px|bauddh pratikoan se yukt vedika stanbh
Railing Pillars And A Cross Bar Showing Bodhi Tree And Wheel Of Law]]

mathura kala ka vistar

kushan aur gupt kal mean kala-kendr ke roop mean mathura ki prasiddhi bahut badh gee thi. yahaan ki moortiyoan ke maang desh bhar mean to thi hi par bharat ke bahar bhi yahaan ki moortiyaan bheji jati thian. mathura kala ka prabhav dakshin poorvi eshiya tatha chin ke shaantsi sthan tak dekha jata hai.^[1]ab tak jin vibhinn sthanoan se mathura ki moortiyaan paee ja chuki haian, unaki soochi ^[2]nimnaankit hai:

1. takshashila	takshashila, pashchimi pakistan
2. saranath	varanasi ke pas, uttar pradesh
3. shravasti	sahetamahet, zila goanda- baharaich
4. bharatapur	bharatapur, rajasthan
5. buddh gaya	gaya, bihar
6. rajagrih	rajagir, bihar
7. saanchi ya shri parvat	saanchi, madhy pradesh
8. bajidapur	kanapur se 6 mil dakshin, uttar pradesh
9. kushinagar	kasiya, uttar pradesh
10. amaravati	amaravati, zila guntur, madras rajy
11. tandava	sahet-mahet ke pas, uttar pradesh
12. pataliputr	patana, bihar
13. laharapur	zila sitapur, uttar pradesh
14. agara	agara, uttar pradesh
15. eta	eta, uttar pradesh
16. moosanagar	kanapur se 30 mil dakshin-pashchim, uttar pradesh
17. palaval	zila gu dagaanv, panjab
18. toosaran vihar	pratapagadh se 30 mil dakshin-pashchim, uttar pradesh
19. osiyaan	jodhapur se 32 mil uttar-pashchim, rajasthan
20. bhita	devariya ke pas, zila ilahabad, uttar pradesh
21. kaushambi	ilahabad ke pas, uttar pradesh

mathura mean kala ke prachin sthan

yadyapi mathura kala ki kritiyaan aj bhi prachur matra mean milati haian, tathapi yah dhyan dene yogay bat hai jin sthanoan par ye moortiyaan vidyaman thian ya poojit hoti thian un vishal bhavanoan, stoopoan aur viharoan ka ab koee bhi chihn vidyaman nahian hai. keval kahian-kahian par tile bane p de haian isaliye in sthanoan ke prachin nam adi janane ke lie hamean un shilalekhoan ka sahara lena p data hai jo mathura ke vibhinn bhagoan se mile haian. sadharanataya yah anuman kiya gaya hai ki jis stoop ya vihar ka nam jis lekh ya lekhaankit moorti se mila hai, sanbhavat: us vihar ke tootane par vah moorti vahian p di rahi hogi. atev ham moorti ke praptisthan ko hi usamean ullekhit stoop ya vihar ki bhoomi kah sakate haian. yadi yah anuman saty hai to prachin mathura ke un saanskritik kendroan ke sthan kuchh nimnaankit roop se samajhe ja sakate haian ^[3]:

jain sthan

devanirmit bauddh stoop

kankali tila

bauddh sthan

1. yashavihar	katara keshavadev
2. ek stoop	katara keshavadev
3. ek stoop	jamalapur tila
4. huvishk vihar	jamalapur tila
5. raushik vihar	prachin alik, sanbhavat: vartaman a diang
6. apanak vihar	bharatapur daravaza
7. khand vihar	maholi tila
8. pravarak vihar	madhuvan, maholi
9. kroshtukiy vihar	kansakhar ke pas
10. chootak vihar	mata ki gali
11. suvarnakar vihar	jamuna bag, sadar bazar
12. shri vihar	googhat
13. amohassi (amoghadasi) ka vihar	katara keshavadev
14. madhuravanak vihar	chaubara tila
15. shrikund vihar	huvishk vihar ke pas
16. dharmahastik ka vihar	naugavaan, mathura se 4.5 mil d.p.
17. mahasaanghikoan ka vihar	palikhe da, govardhan ke pas
18. pushyad (tta) ka vihar	soankh
19. ladyaskkabihar	mandi ramadas
20. dharmak ki patni ki chaity-kuti	mathura jankashan
21. uttaran harush ka vihar	anyor
22. guha vihar	saptarshi tila

brahman sampraday

1. dadhikarn nag ka mandir	jamalapur tila
2. vasudev ka chatu:shal mandir	katara keshavadev
3. guptakalin vishnu mandir	katara keshavadev
4. kapileshvar v upamiteshvar ke mandir	rangeshvar mahadev ke pas
5. yajnabhoomi	eesapur, yamuna ke par krishna ganga ghat ke samane
6. panchavir vrishniyoan ka mandir	mora gaanv
7. senahasti v bhondik ki pushkarini	chh dagaanv, mathura se dakshin

any

kushan rajaoan ke devakul

maant tatha gokarneshvar

mathura kala ki prachin moortiyoan ka pun: upayog

mathura ki kee prachin moortiyaan aisi bhi haian jinaka ek se adhik bar upayog kiya gaya hai. aise kuchh namoone is sangrahalay mean, kuchh kalakatte ke aur kuchh lakhanoo ke rajy sangrahalay mean haian. moortiyoan ka is prakar ka upayog tin roopoan mean kiya gaya hai. ek to tooti huee moorti ko pattharoan ke roop mean pun: kam mean liya gaya hai. kuchh tooti huee tirthankar pratimaoan tatha jain kathaoan se aankit shilapattoan par lekh likhe gaye haian aur kuchh ko kat-chhaant kar unhean vedika stanbh ya soochikaoan mean parivartit kar diya gaya hai.^[4]ho sakata hai ki yah kary jain aur bauddhoan ke paraspar sangharsh ke phalasvaroop kiya gaya ho. aise sangharsh ke praman jain sahity mean vidyaman haian.^[5]

doosare roop ka upayog isase sarvatha bhinn hai. isamean nihit bhavana dvesh moolak nahian hai, par bahudha pahale se bani banaee moorti ke saundary par rijhakar use apane sampraday ke anukool bana lene ki hai. isaka sabase sundar udaharan mathura sangrahalay ki ek bodhisatv ki moorti (san. san. 17.1348) hai jise vaishnavoan ne tripuandr adi lagakar apane anukool bana liya hai. moortiyoan ke pun'payog ke tisare roop mean ghisi ya tooti huee moorti ko adhik biga dane ki nahian par usako pun: banane ke bhavana kam karati thi. isaka sabase achchha udaharan ek shalabhanjika ki vishal pratima (san. san. 40.2887) hai jisake pair pun: gadhe gaye haian, bhale hi yah gadhan apane mool saundary ke star nahian pa saki hai.

mathuri kala par prakash dalane vala prachin sahity

mathura ke is vishal kalabhandar ko samajhane ke lie prachin sahity ki or drishtikshep karana atyant avashyak hai. sabase adhik upayogi samakalin sahity hai, isake bad poorvavarti aur paravarti sahity ata hai. mathurikala mean prayukt vibhinn abhiprayoan ki kuanjiyaan isi sahity mean chhipi p di haian. is kala mean pradarshit abhiprayoan ko samajhane ke lie tatha isamean pradarshit vastuoan ke mool nam janane ke lie hamean sahity ke panne hi ulatane p date haian. mathura mean jain, bauddh v brahman tinoan dharm panape, atev in tinoan dharmoan ke prachin dharmagranth, kalagranth, akhyan aur upakhyan hamari b di sahayata karate haian. inamean bhi nimnaankit granth is drishti se atyant upayogi haian-

1.lalitavistar
2.rayapaseanniy sutt
3.aangavijja
4.vinayapitak-mahavagg aur chullavagg
5.ashvaghosh ka buddh charit
6.ashvaghosh ka saudaranand
7.agni, liang, matsy, vayu, koorm, varah, vaman adi puranoan ke kuchh aansh
8.mahavastu
9.panchatantr
10.divyavadan
11.avadanashatak
12.jatak kathaean.

samapan

mathura kala ka yah samany parichay hai. bharatiy kala ke is mahattvapoorn kshetr mean ab tak kee samasyaean navin prakash ki apeksha rakhati haian. mathura ke kshetr mean shastriy dhang ka utkhanan, samooche kalasangrah ka vistrit adhyayan aur prakashan adi kary kadachit in samasyaoan ko sulajhane mean sahayak ho sakeange.

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ marg, khand 15, san. 2, march 1962, pri0 3 sanpadakiy.
↑ yah talika nimnaankit adharoan par banaee gee hai—
(k) mathura tatha lakhanoo sangrahalayoan ki panjikaean.
(kh) kumarasvami, HIIA., pri0 60, pa. ti. 1.
(g) vahi, pri0 66, pa.ti. 2,3 .
(gh) phebri, si0el0, Mathura of the Gods, marg, march 1954, pri0 13 .
(n) sanpadakiy, marg, khand 15, sankhya 2, march 1962 .
(ch) prayag sangrahalay ke adhyaksh d aau. satishachandr kala ki soochanaean.
↑ prastut talika nimnaankit adharoan par banaee gee haian:
(k) vasudevasharan agraval, Catalogue of the Mathura Museum, JUPHS.
(kh) jenert, ke.el. Heinrich Luders, Mathura Inscriptions, gatianjan, jarmani, 1961 .
(g) any sambandhit lekh v panjikaane.
shrikrishnadatt bajapeyi ne do aur vihar, manihir aur kakatika vihar bhi ginaye haian, par unake sthan nahian diye haian, -- vrij ka itihas, bhag 2, pri0 66 .
↑ lakhanoo sangrahalay, moorti sankhya je 354 se je 358 tak.
↑ nilakand purushottam joshi, jainastoop aur puratattv, shrimahavir smriti granth, khand 1, 1948-49, pri0 1888 .

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] rg, khand 15, san. 2, march 1962, pri0 3 sanpadakiy.

[2] yah talika nimnaankit adharoan par banaee gee hai—
(k) mathura tatha lakhanoo sangrahalayoan ki panjikaean.
(kh) kumarasvami, HIIA., pri0 60, pa. ti. 1.
(g) vahi, pri0 66, pa.ti. 2,3 .
(gh) phebri, si0el0, Mathura of the Gods, marg, march 1954, pri0 13 .
(n) sanpadakiy, marg, khand 15, sankhya 2, march 1962 .
(ch) prayag sangrahalay ke adhyaksh d aau. satishachandr kala ki soochanaean.

[3] rastut talika nimnaankit adharoan par banaee gee haian:
(k) vasudevasharan agraval, Catalogue of the Mathura Museum, JUPHS.
(kh) jenert, ke.el. Heinrich Luders, Mathura Inscriptions, gatianjan, jarmani, 1961 .
(g) any sambandhit lekh v panjikaane.
shrikrishnadatt bajapeyi ne do aur vihar, manihir aur kakatika vihar bhi ginaye haian, par unake sthan nahian diye haian, -- vrij ka itihas, bhag 2, pri0 66 .

[4] sangrahalay, moorti sankhya je 354 se je 358 tak.

[5] urushottam joshi, jainastoop aur puratattv, shrimahavir smriti granth, khand 1, 1948-49, pri0 1888 .

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