गुरु तेग़ बहादुर

guru tegabahadur sianh (1622-1675 ee.)

vishv ke itihas mean dharm evan siddhaantoan ki rakshake lie pranoan ki ahuti dene valoan mean guru tegabahadur sahab ka sthan advitiy hai. tegabahadur ji ke balidan se hianduoan v hindoo dharm ki raksha huee. hindoo dharm ke log bhi unhean yad karate aur unase sanbandhit karyakramoan mean bhag lete haian.

tyagamal se tegabahadur

guru tegabahadur ji ka janm panjab ke amritasar nagar mean hua tha. ye guru haragovind ji ke paanchavean putr the. athavean guru inake pote 'harikrishna ray' ji ki akal mrityu ho jane ke karan janamat dvara ye navam guru banae ge. inhoanne anandapur sahab ka nirman karaya aur ye vahian rahane lage the . unaka bachapan ka nam tyagamal tha. matr 14 varsh ki ayu mean apane pita ke sath mugaloan ke hamale ke khilaf hue yuddh mean unhoanne virata ka parichay diya. unaki virata se prabhavit hokar unake pita ne unaka nam tyagamal se tegabahadur (talavar ke dhani) rakh diya.

yuddhasthal mean bhishan raktapat se guru tegabahadur ji ke vairagi man par gahara prabhav p da aur unaka ka man adhyatmik chiantan ki or hua. dhairy, vairagy aur tyag ki moorti guru tegabahadur ji ne ekaant mean lagatar 20 varsh tak 'baba bakala' namak sthan par sadhana ki. athavean guru harakishan ji ne apane uttaradhikari ka nam ke lie 'baba bakale' ka nirdesh diya. guru ji ne dharm ke prasar lie kee sthanoan ka bhraman kiya. anandapur sahab se kiratapur, ropan, saiphabad hote hue ve khiala (khadal) pahuanche. yahaan upadesh dete hue damadama sahab se hote hue kurukshetr pahuanche. kurukshetr se yamuna ke kinare hote hue k damanakapur pahuanche aur yahian par unhoanne sadhu bhaee malookadas ka uddhar kiya.

isake bad guru tegabahadur ji prayag, banaras, patana, asam adi kshetroan mean ge, jahaan unhoanne adhyatmik, samajik, arthik, unnayan ke lie rachanatmak kary kie. adhyatmikata, dharm ka jnan baanta. roodhiyoan, aandhavishvasoan ki alochana kar naye adarsh sthapit kie. unhoanne paropakar ke lie kuean khudavana, dharmashalaean banavana adi kary bhi kie. inhian yatraoan mean 1666 mean guruji ke yahaan patana sahab mean putr ka janm hua. jo dasavean guru- guru govind sianh bane.

balidan ki katha

guru tegabahadur ji sikhoan ke nauvean guru mane jate haian. aurangazeb ke shasan kal ki bat hai. aurangazeb ke darabar mean ek vidvan pandit akar roz gita ke shlok padhata aur usaka arth sunata tha, par vah pandit gita mean se kuchh shlok chho d diya karata tha.

ek din pandit bimar ho gaya aur aurangazeb ko gita sunane ke lie usane apane bete ko bhej diya parantu use batana bhool gaya ki use kin kin shlokoan ka arth raja se samane nahian karana tha. pandit ke bete ne jakar aurangazeb ko poori gita ka arth suna diya. gita ka poora arth sunakar aurangazeb ko yah jnan ho gaya ki pratyek dharm apane apamean mahan hai kintu aurangajeb ki hathadharmita thi ki vah apane ke dharm ke atirikt kisi doosare dharm ki prashansa sahan nahian thi.

aurangazeb ne sabako islam dharm apanane ka adesh de diya aur sanbandhit adhikari ko yah kary sauanp diya. aurangazeb ne kaha -'sabase kah do ya to islam dharm kabool karean ya maut ko gale laga lean.' is prakar ki jabardasti shuroo ho jane se any dharm ke logoan ka jivan kathin ho gaya.

julm se grast kashmir ke pandit guru tegabahadur ke pas ae aur unhean bataya ki kis prakar ‍islam ko svikar karane ke lie atyachar kiya ja raha hai, yatanaean di ja rahi haian. hamean mara ja raha hai. kripaya ap hamare dharm ko bachaie. guru tegabahadur jab logoan ki vyatha sun rahe the, unake 9 varshiy putr bala pritam (guru goviandasianh) vahaan ae aur unhoanne pitaji se poochha-

'pitaji, ye sab itane udas kyoan haian? ap kya soch rahe haian?'
guru tegabahadur ne kashmiri panditoan ki sari samasyaean bala pritam ko bataeean to unhoanne poochha- 'isaka hal kaise hoga?'
guru sahib ne kaha- 'isake lie balidan dena hoga.'
bala pritam ne kaha-' apase mahan purush koee nahian hai. balidan dekar ap in sabake dharm ko bachaie.'
us bachche ki batean sunakar vahaan upasthit logoan ne poochha- 'yadi apake pita balidan deange to ap yatim ho jaeange. apaki maan vidhava ho jaegian.'

bala pritam ne uttar diya- 'yadi mere akele ke yatim hone se lakhoan bachche yatim hone se bach sakate haian ya akele meri mata ke vidhava hone jane se lakhoan mataean vidhava hone se bach sakati hai to mujhe yah svikar hai.'

tatpashchat guru tegabahadur ji ne panditoan se kaha ki ap jakar aurangazeb se kah ‍dean ki yadi guru tegabahadur ne islam dharm grahan kar liya to unake bad ham bhi islam dharm grahan kar leange aur yadi ap guru tegabahadur ji se islam dharan nahian karava pae to ham bhi islam dharm dharan nahian kareange'. aurangazeb ne yah svikar kar liya.

guru tegabahadur dilli mean aurangazeb ke darabar mean svayan ge. aurangazeb ne unhean bahut se lalach die, par guru tegabahadur ji nahian mane to un par zulm kie gaye, unhean kaid kar liya gaya, do shishyoan ko marakar guru tegabahadur ji ko darane ki koshish ki gayi, par ve nahian mane. unhoanne aurangajeb se kaha- 'yadi tum jabardasti logoan se islam dharm grahan karavaoge to tum sachche musalaman nahian ho kyoanki islam dharm yah shiksha nahian deta ki kisi par julm karake muslim banaya jae.'

gurudvara shish ganj sahib

aurangajeb yah sunakar agababoola ho gaya. usane dilli ke chaandani chauk par guru tegabahadur ji ka shish katane ka hukm zari kar diya aur guru ji ne hansate-hansate balidan de diya. guru tegabahaduraji ki yad mean unake 'shahidi sthal' par gurudvara bana hai, jisaka nam gurudvara 'shish ganj sahib' hai.

guru teg bahadur ji ki bahut si rachanaean granth sahab ke mahala 9 mean sangrahit haian. inhoanne shudhd hindi mean saral aur bhavayukt 'padoan' aur 'sakhi' ki rachanayean ki. san 1675 mean guru ji dharm ki raksha ke lie anyay aur atyachar ke viruddh apane char shishyoan ke sath dharmik auravaicharik svatantrata ke lie shahid ho ge. unake advitiy balidan ne desh ki 'sarv dharm sam bhav' ki sanskriti ko sudridh banaya aur dharmik, saanskritik, vaicharik svatantrata ke sath nirbhayata se jivan jine ka mantr bhi diya.