पाषाणीय शिलालेख (लेखन सामग्री)

prachin bharat ki lekhan samagri mean pashaniy shilalekh ek lekhan samagri hai. prarambhik kal ke bharatiy lekh unhean chirasthayi banane ki drishti se, pashanoan par utkirn dekhane ko milate haian. pashaniy lekh chattanoan, shilaoan, stambhoan, moortiyoan tatha unake adhar-pithoan aur patthar ke kalash ya unaki dakkan-jaisi vastuoan par pae jate haian.

pashan ko tarashana

pashan ko kabhi-kabhi chikana kie bina hi lekh khod die jate the. parantu jab prashasti-jaise lekh utkirn karane hote to, patthar ko kat-chhaant aur chhilakar chikana kiya jata tha. kabhi-kabhi chikane patthar se rag dakar use chamakila bhi banaya jata tha.

aksharoan ka utkirnan

lekh ki rachana koee kavi, vidvan athava rajy ka uchchadhikari karata tha. lekhak use syahi ya kh diya se patthar ki satah par likh deta tha. patti athava rang mean duboe ge dhage se patthar par sidhi rekhaean khianchi jati thian. ant mean shilpi chheni se aksharoan ko utkirn kar deta tha. kabhi-kabhi pustakean bhi, unhean chirasthayi rakhane ke prayojan se, chattan ya shilaoan par khod di jati thian. udaharanarth, dhar (malava) se raja bhoj ka koormashatak namak prakrit kavy shilaoan par khuda hua mila hai.

abhilekhoan ki rachana

pashan-phalakoan par abhilekh pray: pahale utkirn kie jate the, usake bad unhean upayukt jagahoan par sthapit kar diya jata tha. abhilekhoan ki khudaee bahut savadhani se ki jati thi. kabhi-kabhi patthar mean toot ya chatak a jati to, use dhatu se bhar die jane ke udaharan bhi milate haian. lambi prashastiyaan aur granth shilapattoan par likhe ge haian. kuanbhalagadh rajasthan ke kuanbhisvamin ya mamadev mandir ka rana kuanbha (1433-1469 ee.) ka lekh panch shilapatti par khoda hua tha.

lekh parampara

stambhoan par lekh utkirn karane ki parampara bahut purani hai. sambhavatah prachinatam stambhalekh samrat ashok (272-232 ee.poo.) ke haian. in par milane vale abhilekhoan mean inhean shilastambh kaha gaya hai. ye stambh chunar (uttar pradesh) ke balua patthar se bane haian, ye ek hi shilakhand ke haian aur in par badhiya p aaulish ki huee hai. inamean se kuchh stambhoan ki ooanchaee 16-17 mitar hai aur bhar qarib 50 tan. ashok ke in shilalekhoan ko dilli, ilahabad, lumbini, lauriya nandanagadh adi sthanoan par dekha ja sakata hai. svatantr bharat ka sianhakrit vala rashtrachihn ashok ke saranath vale stambh ka shirshabhag hai.

stambh lekh v inake prakar

shilalekh ke alava bhi kee tarah ke stambh haian. dhvajastambh mandir ke samane kh de kie jate the aur in par lekh bhi milate haian. jayastambh par kisi vijay raja ki prashasti rahati hai. kisi punyakary ka yashabhagi banane ke lie kirtistambh sthapit kie ge haian. shatruoan se l date hue viragati prapt karane par abhilekhayukt virastambh kh de kie jate the. stambhoan ke any prakar haian-

• satistambh
• dharmastambh
• smritistambh

yajnoparant bali ko baandhane ke lie banae ge stambh ko yoopastambh kaha jata tha. in par bhi lekh mile haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh