मैसूर
sthiti
maisoor shahar, dakshin-madhy karnatak (bhootapoorv maisoor) rajy, dakshini bharat mean hai. yah chamuandi paha di ke pashchimottar mean 770 mitar ki ooanchaee par laharadar dakkan pathar par kaveri nadi v kabbani nadi ke bich sthit hai.
1799 ee॰ se 1831 ee॰ tak yah maisoor riyasat ki prashasanik rajadhani tha aur ab karnatak rajy ka doosara sabase b da shahar (bangalor ke bad) hai. maisoor bharatiy ganatantr mean sammilit ek rajy tatha nagar hai. jo maisoor (ab karnatak) rajy ki rajadhani bhi hai. is rajy ki sima uttar-pashchim mumbee, poorv mean andhr pradesh, dakshin-poorv mean tamilanadu aur dakshin-pashchim mean keral rajyoan se ghiri huee hai.
maisoor shahar ka ullekh
maisoor shahar ke as-pas ki bhoomi par varsha ke jal se bhare uthale jalashay haian. is sthan ka ullekh mahakavy mahabharat mean mahishmati (mahismati) ke roop mean hua hai, mauryakal (tisari shatabdi ee॰ poo॰) mean yah poorigere ke nam se vikhyat tha. mahishmandal mahishak log mahishmati (narmada ghati) se pravas kar yahaan par bas ge the. bad mean yah mahishasur kahalaya tha.
itihas
maisoor shahar ka itihas atyant prachin hai. isake prachinatam shasak kadamb vansh ke the, jinaka ullekh t aaulmi ne kiya hai. kadamboan ko cheroan, pallavoan aur chalukyoan se yuddh karana p da tha. 12vian shatabdi mean jakar maisoor ka shasan kadamboan ke hathoan se hoyasaloan ke hathoan mean aya, jinhoanne dvarasamudr athava adhunik halevid ko apani rajadhani banaya tha. hoyasal raja rayachandr se hi alaudh-din ne maisoor jitakar apane rajy mean sammilit kiya tha. isake uparant maisoor vijayanagar rajy mean sammilit kar liya gaya aur usake vighatan ke uparant 1610 ee॰ mean vah pun: sthaniy hindoo raja ke adhikar mean a gaya tha.
is rajavansh ke chauthe uttaradhikari chikk devaraj ne maisoor ki shakti aur satta mean ullekhaniy vriddhi ki. kintu 18vian shatabdi ke madhy mean usaka rajavansh haidar-ali dvara apadasth kar diya gaya tha aur usake putr tipoo sultan ne 1799 ee॰ tak us par rajy kiya. tipoo ki parajay aur mrityu ke uparant vijayi aangrezo ne maisoor ko sanrakshit rajy banakar vahaan ek panch-varshiy balak krishnaraj vadiyar ko sianhasan par baithaya tha.
krishnaraj atyant ayogy shasak siddh hua, phalat: 1821 ee॰ mean british sarakar ne shasan-prabandh apane hathoan mean le liya, parantu 1867 ee॰ mean krishna ke uttaradhikari cham rajendr ko pun: shasan sauanp diya. us samay se is sushasit rajy ka 1947 ee॰ mean bharatiy sangh mean vilay kar diya gaya.
yatayat aur parivahan
maisoor shahar do uttari relamargoan ke jankshan par sthit hai aur bharat ki pramukh pashchimi s dak pranali par ek mahattvapoorn vibhajak biandu hai.
krishi aur khanij
yahaan kali mitti ke vishal bhoobhag ka kapas ugaya jata hai. yahaan se chaval, mota anaj aur tilahan ka niryat kiya jata hai.
udyog aur vyapar
maisoor ek mahattvapoorn nirman evan vyaparik keandr hai. maisoor mean vastr (sooti evan reshami), chaval, tel ki milean, chandan ka tel aur rasayanik urvarak udyog haian. shahar ke udyogoan ko bijali poorv mean sthit shivasamudram ke nikat panabijali grih se milati hai. maisoor ke kutir udyogoan mean bunaee, tanbakoo, k aaufi prasanskaran aur bi di nirman shamil haian. yah kshetr hathidaant, dhatu aur lak di ki apani karigari ke lie prasiddh hai. relave steshan ke pas sthit bazar sthaniy krishi utpadoan ke lie sangrahan keandr ka kam karata hai.
shikshan sansthan
maisoor ati sundar parishkrit nagar hai. maisoor mean 1916 mean sthapit maisoor vishvavidyalay aur kee sanbaddh mahavidyalay haian, jinamean maharaja k aaulej, mahilaoan ke lie maharani k aaulej, yuvaraj saians k aaulej, sharadavilas terejiyan v any k aaulej shamil haian. yahaan karnatak rajy mukt vishvavidyalay ka keandr hai. any shaikshanik sansthanoan mean neshanal ianstityoot aauf ianjiniyariang (en. aee. ee.), es. je. k aaulej aauf ianjiniyariang, vidyavarddhak k aaulej aauf ianjiniyariang, maisoor medikal k aaulej, je. es. es. medikal k aaulej, je. es. es. deantal aiand farmesi k aaulej, farooqiya deantal eand farmesi k aaulej, es. di. em. ianstityoot aauf mainejameant, vidya vikas k aaulej aauf hotal mainejameant, je. es. es. l aau k aaulej, sharada l aau k aaulej, vi. vi. l aau k aaulej aur mahajan l aau k aaulej shamil haian. kann d sanskriti ki pronnati ke lie bhi kee sansthan haian.
janasankhya
maisoor shahar ki janasankhya (2001 ki ganana ke anusar) 7,42,261 hai. maisoor zile ki kul janasankhya 26,24,911 hai.
paryatan
maisoor ati sundar parishkrit nagar hai. yah ek paryatan sthal bhi hai.
purana qila
18vian shatabdi mean yooropiy shaili mean punarnirmit ek purana qila (maisoor ke madhy mean) sthit hai. qile ke dayare mean maharaja mahal (1897 ee॰) hai, jisamean hathidaant v sone se rnirmit sianhasan hai.
park evan imaratean
maisoor mean karzan park, silvar jubali kl aauk tavar (1927 ee॰), gaandhi chauk aur maharaja ki do moortiyaan paryatakoan ke akarshan ka keandr haian.
pashchim mean gordon park ke nikat bhootapoorv british rezideansi (1805), prakhyat orieantal laibreri, vishvavidyalay bhavan, sarvajanik karyalay, jagamohan mahal aur lalita mahal adi any prasiddh imaratean haian.
paha diyaan evan jhil
tirthayatri b di sankhya mean chamuandi paha di (lagabhag 1,064 mitar) jate haian, jahaan shiv ke pavitr bail, nandi ki akhandit moorti hai. is shikhar se dakshin ki or sthit nilagiri paha diyoan ka suandar nazara dekha ja sakata hai.
kaveri nadi par maisoor ke pashchimottar mean 19 kimi ki doori par sthit vishal krishnarav jhil hai, jisamean baandh bhi bana hai. is baandh ke niche favvare v jharaneyukt sidhidar briandavan udyan haian, jin par rat mean roshani ki jati hai.
abhayarany
poorv mean sthit somanathapur mean hoyasal vansh dvara rnirmit (1268) ek mandir hai. venugopal vany jiv udyan ke ek bhag baandipur abhayarany tak maisoor se pahuancha ja sakata hai. yah gaur (bharatiy baisan) aur chital ke jhuandoan ke lie vikhyat hai. yahaan ghoomane ke lie s dakoan ka sanjal hai. isase lagakar hi tamilanadu rajy ka mudumalaee vanyajiv abhayarany sthit hai. yah kaveri v usaki nadiyoan ka apavah kshetr hai.
poorv mean sthit somanathapur mean hoyasal vansh dvara rnirmit (1268 ee॰) ek mandir hai.
maisoor-yuddh
bharat mean aangrezoan aur maisoor ke shasakoan ke bich char sainy muthabhe d huee thi. aangrezoan aur haidar-ali tatha usake putr tipoo sultan ke bich samay-samay par yuddh hue the. 32 varsho (1767se 1799 ee॰) ke madhy yuddh chhe de ge.
pratham maisoor-yuddh
(1767-69 ee॰ mean) 1761 ke as-pas ek shahi musalaman haidar ali, jo pahale se hi pradhan senapati the, maisoor rajy ke svayanbhu shasak ban ge aur apane prabhutv kshetr ka vistar karane lage. pratham maisoor yuddh 1667 se 1669 ee॰ tak hua,jisaka karan madras mean aangrezoan ki akramak nitiyaan thian. 1766 ee॰ mean jab haidar-ali marathoan se ek yuddh mean ulajha tha, madras ke aangrez adhikariyoan ne nizam ki seva mean ek british sainik tuk di bhej di thi, aur eest iandiya kanpani ne haidar ali ke viruddh uttari sarakaroan ke samarpan ke lie haidarabad ke nizam se gathabandhan kar liya. jisaki sahayata se nizam ne maisoor ke bhoobhagoan par akraman kar diya tha. aangrejoan ki is akaran shatruta se haidar-ali ko b da krodh aya. usane marathoan se sandhi kar li, asthir buddhi nizam ko apani or mila liya aur nijam ki sahayata se karnatak par, jo us samay aangrejoan ke niyantran mean tha, akraman kar diya. lekin 1768 mean nizam yuddh se hat ge aur aangrezoan ko akele haidar ali ka samana karane ke lie chho d diya. is prakar pratham maisoor yuddh ka sootrapat hua. yah yuddh do varsho tak chalata raha aur 1769 ee॰ mean jab haidar-ali ka achanak dhava madras ke qile ki divaroan tak pahuanch gaya, usaka aant hua. madras kauansil ke sadasy bhayakul ho uthe aur unhoanne haidar-ali dvara sulah ki sharte svikar kar lian. isake anusar donoan pakshoan ne jite ge bhoo-bhag lauta die aur haidar-ali tatha aangrezoan ke bich ek rakshatmak sandhi ho gee.
dvitiy maisoor-yuddh
(1780-84 ee॰ mean)
aangrezoan ne 1769 ee॰ ki sandhi ki sharto ke anusar acharan n kiya aur 1770 ee॰ mean haidar-ali ko, samajhaute ke anusar us samay sahayata n di jab marathoan ne us par akraman kiya. aangrezoan ke is vishvasaghat se haidar-ali ko atyadhik kshobh hua tha. usaka krodh us samay aur bhi badh gaya, jab aangrezoan ne haidar-ali ki rajy simaoan ke aantargat mahi ki phraansisi bastipar akraman kar adhikar kar liya. usane maratha aur nizam ke sath 1780 ee॰ mean tripakshiy sandhi kar li jisase dvitiy maisoor-yuddh praranbh hua.
aangrezoan ne nizam ko apani or mo d liya aur 1782 ee॰ mean salabaee ki sandhi karake marathoan se yuddh samapt kar diya. phir bhi haidar-ali bhagnotsah n hokar yuddh karata raha aur ek vishal sena lekar karnatak mean ghus gaya, use nasht-bhrasht kar dala tatha madras ke charoan or ke ilaqe uja d dale. usane beli ke adhinayakatv vali aangrezi fauj ki ek tuk di ko gher liya. parantu 1781 ee॰ mean vah sar ayarakoot dvara portonovo, poliloor aur sholiangaloor ke tin yuddhoan mean parast hua. kyoanki use fraansisiyoan se pratyashit sahayata n mil saki. phir bhi vah data raha aur 1782 ee॰ mean usake putr tipoo ne karnal vrethavet ke nayakatvavali british sena se tanjaur mean atm-samarpan kara liya. is yuddh ke bich hi haidar-ali ki mrityu ho gee. kintu uttaradhikari tipoo sultan ne yuddh jari rakha aur bedanoor par aangrezoan ke akraman ko asaphal karake mangalor ja ghera. ab madras ki sarakar ne samajh liya ki age yuddh badhana usaki samarthy ke bahar hai. at: usane 1784 ee॰ mean sandhi kar li, jo mangalor ki sandhi kahalati hai aur jisake adharapar donoan pakshoan ne ek doosare ke bhoobhag vapas kar die.
tritiy maisoor-yuddh
(1790-92 ee॰ mean)
tisara yuddh 1790 ee॰ mean shuroo hua tha. jab garvanar-janaral l aaurd k aaurnav aaulis ne tipoo ka nam kanpani ke mitroan ki soochi se hata diya tha. tritiy maisoor yuddh ka karan bhi aangrezoan ki dohari niti thi. 1769 ee॰ mean haidar-ali aur 1784 ee॰ mean tipoo sultan ke sath ki gayi sandhi ki shartoan ke viruddh aangrezoan ne 1788 ee॰ mean nizam ko is ashay ka patr likha ki ham log tipoo sultan se un bhoobhagoan ko chhin lene mean apaki sahayata kareange jo nizam ke rajy ke aang rahe hai. aangrejoan ki is vishvasaghati niti ko dekhakar tipoo sultan ke man mean unake shatrutapoorn abhipray ke sanbandh mean koee sanshay n raha. at: 1789 ee॰ mean achanak travanakor (trivankur) par akraman kar diya, aur us bhoo-bhag ko tahas-nahas kar dala . aangrezoan ne is akraman ko yuddh ka karan bana liya aur peshava aur nizam se is shart par gutabandi kar li ki ve donoan vijit pradeshoan ka barabar bhagoan mean bantavara kar leange. is prakar praranbh hua tritiy maisoor yuddh 1790 se 1792 ee॰ tak chalata raha.
is yuddh mean tin sangharsh hue. 1790 ee॰ mean tin aangrezi senaean maisoor ki or badhi, unhoanne diandigal, koyambatoor tatha palaghat par adhikar kar liya, phir bhi unako tipoo ke prabal pratirodh ke karan koee mahatv ki vijay prapt n ho saki. is viphalata ke karan svany lard karnavalisane, jo gavarnar janaral bhi tha, disambar 1790 ee॰ mean prarambh hue abhiyan ka netrivy apane hathoan mean le liya. vellor aur ambar ki or se badhate hue karnavalisane march 1791 mean॰ mean bangalor par adhikar kar liya aur tipoo ki rajadhani shrirang-pattanamh ki or badha. lekin tipoo ki niyojit dhvansak bhoo-niti ke karan aangrezoan ki sena ko anaj ka ek dana n mil saka aur karnavalis ko apani topean kilakar pichhe lautana p da. tisara abhiyan, jo 1791 ee॰ ki garmiyoan mean praranbh hua, adhik saphal raha. aangrezi senaoan ka netrivy karate hue karnavalis ne pun: tipoo ki kee paha di chaukiyoan par adhikar kar liya aur 1792 ee॰ mean ek vishal sena ke sath shrirang-pattanamh par ghera dal diya. rajadhani ki brahm prachiroan par shatruoan ka adhikar ho jane par tipoo ne atmasamarpan kar diya aur march 1792 ee॰ mean shrirang-pattanamh ki sandhi ke dvara yuddh samapt hua.
isake anusar tipoo ne apane do putroan ko bandhak ke roop mean aangrezoan ko sauanp diya aur tin karo d rupaye yuddh ke harajane ke roop mean diye, jo tin mitroan (aangrez-nizam-maratha) mean barabar baant liye gaye. sath hi tipoo ne apane rajy ka adha bhag bhi sauanp diya, jisamean se aangrezoan mean diandigal, bara mahal, kurg aur malavar apane adhikar mean rakhakar tipoo ke rajy ka samudr se sanbandh kat diya aur un paha di darro ko chhin liya, jo dakshin bharat ke pathari bhoo-bhag ke dvar the. marathoan ke vardha (varada) aur krishnaa nadiyoan v nizam ko krishnaa panar nadiyoan ke bich ke bhoo-khand mile.
chaturth maisoor yuddh
( 1799 ee॰ mean) chautha yuddh garvanar-janaral l aaurd m aaurniangtan (bad mean velezali) ne is bahane se shuroo kiya ki tipoo ko fraansisiyoan se sahayata mil rahi hai. alpakalik, parantu bhayanak siddh hua. isaka karan tipoo sultan dvara aangrezoan ke ashrit ban jane ke sandhi prastav ko asvikar kar dena tha, tatkalin gavarnar- janaral lard velezali ko tipoo ki british- virodhi gatividhiyoan ka poorn vishvas ho gaya tha. use pata chala ki 1792 ee॰ ki parajay ke uparaant tipoo ne fraans, kustunatuniyaan aur afaganistan ke shasakoan ke sath is abhripray se sandhi ka prayas kiya tha ki bharat se aangrezoan ko nikal diya jay. velezali ne tipoo dvara ashrit sandhi ke asvikar ko yuddh ka karan bana liya. usane nizam aur peshava ke sath is adhar par ek gathabandhan kiya ki yuddh mean jo labh hoga, usaka tinoan mean barabar bantavara ho jaega.
aangrezoan ki tin senaean kramash: janaral heris, janaral stivart aur gavarnar janaral ke bhaee velezali (jo age chalakar dyook aauph veliangatan hua) ke netrivy mean tin dishaoan se tipoo ke rajy ki or badhi. do ghamasan yuddhoan mean tipoo ki parajay huee aur use shrirang-pattanamh ke durg mean sharan leni p di. durg 17 aprail ko gher liya gaya aur 4 mee 1799 ee॰ ko us par adhikar ho gaya. viratapoorvak durg ki raksha karate hue tipoo yuddh mean mara gaya. usake putr ne atm-samarpan kar diya. vijayi aangrez tipoo ke rajy ko barabar-barabar tin bhagoan mean apane mitroan mean nahian baantana chahate the, at: unhoanne maisoor ke mukhy aur madhyavarti bhag par krishnaraj ko sianhasanasin kiya, jo maisoor ke us purane raja ka vanshaj tha, jise haidar-ali ne apadasth kiya tha.
tipoo ke rajy ke bache hue bhoo-bhagoan mean se kanas(kann d), koyambatoor aur shrirang-pattanamh kampani ke rajy mean mila lie ge. marathoan ne, jinhoanne is yuddh mean koee bhi sakriy bhag nahian liya tha, hissa lena asvikar kar diya. nizam ko tipoo ke rajy ka uttar poorv vala kuchh bhoo-bhag mila, jise usane 1800 ee॰ mean kampani ko sauanp diya. is prakar chaturth maisoor-yuddh ki samapti par maisoor ka sampoorn rajy aangrezoan ke niyantran mean a gaya.