श्रावस्ती
bharat ke uttar pradesh rajy ke goanda-baharaich jiloan ki sima par yah bauddh tirth sthan hai. goanda-balaramapur se 12 mil pashchim mean adhunik sahet-mahet gaanv hi shravasti hai. pahale yah kaushal desh ki doosari rajadhani thi, bhagavan ram ke putr lav ne ise apani rajadhani banaya tha, shravasti bauddh jain donoan ka tirth sthan hai, tathagat shravasti mean rahe the, yahaan ke shreshthi anathapindik ne bhagavan buddh ke liye jetavan bihar banavaya tha, ajakal yahaan bauddh dharmashala, math aur mandir hai.
prachin nagar
yah kosal-janapad ka ek pramukh nagar tha. vahaan ka doosara prasiddh nagar ayodhya tha. shravasti nagar achiravati nadi ke tat par basa tha, jisaki pahachan adhunik rapti nadi se ki jati hai. is sarita ke tat par sthit aj ka sahet-mahet prachin shravasti ka pratinidhi hai. is nagar ka yah nam kyoan p da, is sanbandh mean kee tarah ke varnan milate haian. bauddh dharm -granthoan ke anusar is samriddh nagar mean dainik jivan mean kam ane vali sabhi chhoti-b di chijean bahutayat mean b di suvidha se mil jati thian, atev isaka yah nam p d gaya tha.
nam ki utpatti
bauddh granthoan mean is nagar ke nam ki utpatti ke vishay mean ek any ullekh bhi milata hai. inake anusar savatth (shravast) namak ek rrishi yahaan par rahate the, jinaki b di ooanchi pratishtha thi. inhian ke nam ke adhar par is nagar ka nam shravasti p d gaya tha. panini ne, jinaka samay aj se nahian kuchh to chaubis ya pachis sau sal pahale tha, apane prasiddh vyakaran-granth 'ashtadhyayi' mean saph likha hai ki sthanoan ke nam vahaan rahane vale kisi vishesh vyakti ke nam ke adhar par p d jate the. mahabharat ke anusar shravasti ke nam ki utpatti ka karan kuchh doosara hi tha. shravast namak ek raja huye jo ki prithu ki chhathian pidhi mean utpann huye the. vahi is nagar ke janmadata the aur unhian ke nam ke adhar par isaka nam shravasti p d gaya tha. puranoan mean shravastak nam ke sthan par shravast nam milata hai. mahabharat mean ullikhit yah parampara uparyukt any paramparaoan se kahian adhik prachin hai. atev usi ko pramanik manana uchit bat hogi. bad mean chal kar kosal ki rajadhani, ayodhya se hatakar shravasti la di gee thi aur yahi nagar kosal ka sabase pramukh nagar ban gaya. ek bauddh granth ke anusar vahaan 57 hazar kul rahate the aur kosal-nareshoan ki amadani sabase zyada isi nagar se hua karati thi. gautam buddh ke samay mean bharatavarsh ke 6 b de nagaroan mean shravasti ki ganana hua karati thi. yah chau di aur gahari khaee se ghira hua tha. isake atirikt isake ird-gird ek suraksha-dival bhi thi, jisamean har disha mean daravaje bane huye the. hamari prachin kala mean shravasti ke daravajoan ka aankan hua hai. usase jnat hota hai ki ve kafi chau de the aur unase kee b di savariyaan ek hi sath bahar nikal sakati thian. kosal ke naresh bahut saj-dhaj kar b di hathiyoan ki pith par kase huye chaandi ya sone ke haudoan mean baith kar b de hi shan ke sath bahar nikala karate the. chini yatri phahiyan aur huyenasaang ne bhi shravasti ke daravajoan ka ullekh kiya hai.
nagar ka vikas
hamare kuchh purane granthoan ke anusar kosal ka yah pradhan nagar sarvada ramanik, darshaniy, manoram aur dhanadhany se sanpann tha. isamean sabhi tarah ke upakaran maujood the. isako dekhane se lagata tha, manoan devapuri akalananda hi sakshat dharatal par utar aee ho. nagar ki s dakean chau di thian aur in par b di savariyaan bhali bhaanti a sakati thian nagarik shrriangar-premi the. ve hathi, gho de aur palaki par savar hokar rajamargoan par nikala karate the. isamean rajakiy koshthagar (kothar) bane huye the jinamean ghi, tel aur khane-pine ki chijean prabhoot matra mean ekatr kar li gee thian. vahaan ke nagarik gautam buddh ke bahut b de bhakt the. 'milindaprashn' namak granth mean chadhav-badhav ke sath kaha gaya hai ki isamean bhikshuoan ki sankhya 5 karo d thi. isake alava vahaan ke tin lakh sattavan hazar grihasth bauddh dharm ko manate the. is nagar mean jetavan nam ka ek udyan tha jise vahaan ke jet namak rajakumar ne aropit kiya tha. is nagar ka anathapindik namak seth jo buddh ka priy shishy tha, is udyan ke shantimay vatavaran se b da prabhavit tha. usane ise kharid kar bauddh sangh ko dan kar diya tha. bauddh granthoan mean katha ati hai ki is pooanjipati ne jetavan ko utani hi mudraoan mean kharidi thian jitani ki bichhane par isaki poori pharsh ko bhali prakar dhak deti thian. usane isake bhitar ek math bhi banava diya jo ki shravasti ane par buddh ka vishramagrih hua karata tha. ise log 'kosal mandir' bhi kahate the. anathapiandik ne jetavan ke bhitar kuchh aur bhi math banava diye jinamean bhikshu log rahate the. inamean pratyek ke nirman mean ek lakh mudrayean kharch huee thian. isake atirikt usane kooean, talab aur chabootare adi ka bhi vahaan nirman kara diya tha. bauddh granthoan mean varnan milata hai ki jetavan mean rahane vale bhikshu subah aur sham rapti nadi mean nahane ke liye ate the. lagata hai ki yah udyan isake tat ke samip hi kahian sthit tha. anathapiandik ne apane jivan ki sari kamaee bauddh sangh ke hit mean laga di thi. usake ghar par shramanoan ko bahusankhya mean prati din yathesht bhojan karaya jata tha. gautam buddh ke prati shraddha ke karan shravasti nareshoan ne is nagar mean danagrih banava rakha tha, jahaan par bhikshuoan ko bhojan milata tha.
any prasiddh sthan
is nagar ke any prasiddh sthanoan mean poorvaram aur mallikaram ullekhaniy haian. poorvaram ka nirman nagar ke dhanik seth mrigadhar ki putravadhu vishakha ke dvara karaya gaya tha. yah nagar ke poorvi daravaje ke pas bana tha. sanbhavat: isiliye isaka nam poorvaram (arthat poorabi math) p da. yah do manzila bhavan tha, jisamean majabooti lane ke liye pattharoan ki chunaee ki gee thi. lagata hai ki mallikaram isase b da vishram-bhavan tha, jisamean oopar aur niche kee kamare the. isaka nirman shravasti ki mallika nam ki samrajni ke dvara karaya gaya tha. nagaroan mean ane vale bauddh paribrajak, nirgranth, jain sadhu-sannyasi aur nana dharmoan ke anuyayiyoan ke vishram tatha bhojan-vastr ki poori sukh-suvidha thi. gautam buddh ke priy shishy anand, sariputr, maudgalyayan tatha mahakashyap adi ne bhi vahaan ke nagarikoan ko apane sadupadeshoan se prabhavit kiya tha. unaki asthiyoan ke oopar yahaan stoop bane huye the. ashok dharm-yatra ke prasang mean shravasti aya hua tha. usane in stoopoan par bhi pooja chadhaee thi.
jain dharm
is nagar mean jain matavalanbi bhi rahate the. is dharm ke pravartak mahavir svami vahaan kee bar a chuke the. nagarikoan ne unaka dil khol kar svagat kiya aur anek unake anuyayi ban gaye. vahaan par brahman matavalanbi bhi maujood the. vedoan ka path aur yajnoan ka anushthan adi is nagar mean chalata rahata tha. mallikaram mean saik doan brahman sadhu dharmik vishayoan par vadavivad mean sanlagn raha karate the. visheshata yah thi ki vahaan ke vibhinn dharmanuyayiyoan mean kisi tarah ke saanpradayik jhag de nahian the.
lagata hai ki jaise-jaise kosal-samrajy ka adh:patan hone laga, vaise-vaise shravasti ki bhi samriddhi ghatane lagi. jis samay chini yatri phahiyan vahaan pahuancha, us samay vahaan ke nagarikoan ki sankhya pahale ki samata mean kam rah gee thi. ab kul mila kar keval do sau parivar hi vahaan rah gaye the. poorvaram, mallikaram aur jetavan ke math khandahar ko prapt hone lage the. unaki dasha ko dekhakar vah dukhi ho gaya. usane likha hai ki shravasti mean jo nagarik rah gaye the, ve b de hi atithi-parayan aur dani the. huyenasaang ke agaman ke samay yah nagar uj d chuka tha. charoan or khandahar hi dikhaee de rahe the. vah likhata hai ki yah nagar samriddhikal mean tin mil ke ghere mean basa hua tha. aj bhi agar ap ko goanda zile mean sthit sahet-mahet jane ka avasar mile, to vahaan shravasti ke vishal khandaharoan ko dekh kar isake poorvakalin aishvary ka anuman ap laga sakate haian.
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