कोलकाता की भौगोलिक संरचना

kolakata vishay soochi

parichay    itihas    bhoogol    prashasanik vyavastha    arthavyavastha    kala    shiksha    yatayat    paryatan    chitravali    alekh

kolakata ki bhaugolik sanrachana
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vivaran	kolakata ka bharat ke itihas mean mahath‍vapoorn sh‍than hai. kolakata shahar bangal ki kha di ke oopar hugali nadi ke poorvi tat par sthit hai.
rajy	pashchim bangal
zila	kolakata
sthapana	san 1690 ee. mean j aaub charnok dvara sthapit
bhaugolik sthiti	uttar- 22°33′ - poorv -88°20′
marg sthiti	kolakata shahar rashh‍triy rajamarg tatha rajh‍y rajamarg se poore desh se ju da hua hai. kolakata s dak marg bhuvaneshh‍var se 468 kilomitar uttar-poorv, patana se 602 kilomitar dakshin-poorv tatha raanchi se 404 kilomitar dakshin-poorv mean sthit hai.
prasiddhi	rasagulla, bangali sa diyaan, taant ki sa diyaan
kab jaean	aktoobar se faravari
kaise pahuanchean	havaee jahaz, rel, bas adi se pahuancha ja sakata hai.
havaee adda	netaji subhash chandr bos aantarrashtriy havaee adda v damadam havaee adda
relave steshan	hav da jankshan, siyaladah jankshan.
bas adda	bas adda, kolakata
yatayat	saikil-riksha, aauto-riksha, mitar-taiksi, siti bas, tram aur metro rel
kya dekhean	kolakata paryatan
kahaan thaharean	hotal, atithi grah, dharmashala
kya khayean	rasagulla, bhat
kya kharidean	hathakaragha sooti sa diyaan, resham ke kap de, hash‍tashilh‍p se nirmit vash‍tuean bhi kharid sakate haian.
es.ti.di. kod	033
e.ti.em	lagabhag sabhi
chitr:Map-icon.gif	googal manachitr, kolakata havaee adda
any janakari	yah bharat ka sabase b da shahar hai aur pramukh bandaragahoan mean se ek haian. kolakata ka purana nam kalakatta tha. 1 janavari, 2001 se kalakatta ka nam adhikarik taur par kolakata hua.
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	19:35, 17 agast 2016 (IST)

upaniveshavadi aangrezoan ke dvara bhavy yooropiy rajadhani ke roop mean abhikalpit kolakata ab bharat ke sabase adhik nirdhan aur sarvadhik janasankhya vale kshetroan mean se ek hai. yah atyadhik vividhataoan aur aantarvirodhoan ke shahar ke roop mean vikasit hua hai. kolakata ko apani alag pahachan pane ke lie tivr yooropiy prabhav ko atmasat karana tha aur aupaniveshik virasat ki simaoan se bahar ana tha. is prakriya mean shahar ne poorv aur pashchim ka ek sanyog bana liya, jise 19vian shatabdi ke kulin bangaliyoan ke jivan karyoan mean abhivyakti mili. is varg ke sabase vishisht vyaktitv the, kavi aur rahasyavadi ravindranath taigor. bharatiy shaharoan mean sabase b da aur sabase adhik jivant yah shahar ajey lagane vali arthik, samajik v rajanitik samasyaoan ke bich phala-phoola hai. yahaan ke nagarikoan ne atyadhik jivantata dikhaee hai, jo kala v sanskriti mean unaki abhiruchi aur ek star ki bauddhik ojasvita mean pradarshit hoti hai. yahaan ki rajanitik jagarukata desh mean anyatr durlabh hai. kolakata ke pustak meloan, kala pradarshaniyoan aur sangit sabhaoan mean jaisi bhi d hoti hai, vaisi bharat ke kisi any shahar mean nahian hoti. divaroan par vad-vivad ka achchha-khasa adan-pradan hota hai, jisake karan kolakata ko ishtaharoan ka shahar kaha jane laga hai. prabal jivan shakti ke bavajood kolakata shahar mean kee nivasi saanskritik paryavaran se bahut door khasi kharab sthitiyoan mean jivan-yapan karate haian. halaanki shahar ki oorja, sabase pichh di jhop diyoan tak bhi pravahit hoti hai, kyoanki bahut b di sankhya mean kolakatavasi aise logoan ki sahayata gambhiratapoorvak karate haian, jo garib v pi dit logoan ki madad mean jute haian. sankshep mean, kolakata videshiyoan ke sath-sath anek bharatiyoan ke lie bhi rahasyamay bana hua hai. yah navagatoan ke lie paheli hai aur vahaan rahane vale logoan ke man mean ek sthayi lagav utpann karata hai.

bhoo-akriti

shahar ki avasthiti vastav mean shahar ke sthan ke chayan aanshatah usaki asan rakshatmak sthiti aur aanshatah usaki anukool vyaparik sthiti ke karan kiya gaya pratit hota hai. anyatha nimn, daladali, garm v ardr nadi tat par shahar basane ki bahut kam paristhitiyaan upalabdh haian. isaki adhikatam ooanchaee samudr ki satah se lagabhag nauan mitar oopar hai. hugali nadi se poorv ki or bhoomi kich d vale aur daladali kshetr ki or dhaloo hoti jati hai. isi tarah ki sthalakriti nadi ke pashchimi tat par hai, jisase nadi ke donoan kinaroan par tin se ath kilomitar chau di patti par mahanagariy kshetr parisimit hai. shahar ke poorvottar kinare par sthit salt lek kshetr ke vikas ne yah darshaya hai ki shahar ka vishesh vistar vyavaharik hai aur madhy kshetr ke poorvi, dakshini v pashchimi bhag mean any vikas pariyojanaean bhi chalaee ja sakati haian. kolakata ke pramukh upanagar haian-

1. hav da (pashchimi tat par)
2. uttar mean baranagar
3. poorvottar mean dakshini damadam
4. dakshin mean dakshin upanagariy nagarapalika (behala)
5. dakshin-pashchim mean gardan rich, sampoorn shahari sankul apas mean samajik-arthik roop se ju da hua hai.

jalavayu

manasoon ki mausami pravritti ke sath kolakata ki jalavayu uposhn katibandhiy hai. adhikatam tapaman 42 digri se. aur nyoonatam tapaman 7 digri se. tak pahuanch jata hai. ausat varshik varsha lagabhag 1,625 mimi hoti hai, jisamean adhikaansh varsha manasoon kal ke joon se sitanbar ke bich hoti hai. ye mahine atyadhik ardr aur kabhi-kabhi umas bhare hote haian. aktoobar v navambar ke dauran varsha kam hoti jati hai. shit rritu ke mahinoan mean, lagabhag navambar ke ant se faravari ke ant tak mausam khushanuma aur varsharahit hota hai. kabhi-kabhi is mausam mean bhor ke samay kohare v ghuandh se kam dikhaee deta hai. isi prakar sham ko kohare ki moti parat chhaee rahati hai. 1950 ke dashak ke prarambhik varshoan se vatavaran mean pradooshan badh gaya hai. karakhane, vahan aur tap bijalighar, jinamean koyala jalaya jata hai, is pradooshan ke pramukh karan haian, kintu logoan ke lie tazi havaean lakar manasooni havaean svachchhata karak ka kam karati haian aur jal pradooshan hatane ko tivrata pradan karati haian.

nagar yojana

kolakata ki nagar yojana ka sabase ullekhaniy pahaloo, usaka uttar-dakshin disha mean ayatakar anusthapan hai. kendriy kshetr ke apavad sahit, jahaan pahale yooropiy rahate the, shahar ka betaratib vikas hua hai. kolakata shahar aur hav da upanagar se milakar bane kendriy bhag ke charoan or ke bahari kshetr mean yah betaratib vikas sabase adhik dikhaee p data hai. shahar ki sabhi prashasakiy aur vyavasayik gatividhiyaan b da bazar kshetr ke asapas kendrit hoti haian. jo maidan ke uttar mean ek chhota-sa kshetr hai. isaki vajah se ek dainik avazahi ki vyavastha ka vikas hua, jisase kolakata ki parivahan pranali, upayogitaean aur any nagarik suvidhaoan par atyadhik dabav p da. kolakata mean margoan v s dakoan ka tantr shahar ke aitihasik vikas ko darshata hai. aantarik marg sakare haian. yahaan keval ek drut rajamarg qazi nazarul islam marg hai, jo kolakata se damadam tak jata hai. pramukh s dakean ek jal banati haian, mukhyatah purane yooropiy bhag mean, parantu shesh sthanoan par marg niyojan avyavasthit hai. isaka karan hai, nadi par puloan ka abhav, aur isi vajah se adhikaansh s dakean aur pramukh marg uttar se dakshin ki or jate haian. jin jalamargoan aur naharoan par pul banane ki avashyakata hai, ve bhi marg sanrachana ko prabhavit karane vale mahattvapoorn karak rahe haian.

avas

kolakata shahar mean avas ki bahut kami hai. jitane vyakti kolakata mahanagariy zile ke sansthagat avasoan mean rahate haian, usamean se do-tihaee se bhi adhik log shahar mean rahate haian. nagar ki lagabhag tin-chauthaee avasiy ikaiyoan ka upayog keval rahane ke uddeshy se kiya jata hai. yahaan saik doan bastiyaan ya jhop dapattiyaan haian, jahaan nagar ki lagabhag ek-tihaee janasankhya rahati hai. basti ko adhikarik roop se is prakar paribhashit kiya jata hai, 'kam se kam ek ek d bhoomi ke chhathe bhag par sthit jhop diyoan ka samooh', yahaan ek ek d ke chhathe bhag se bhi kam sthan par nirmit bastiyaan haian. ek ek d ke pandrahavean bhag mean adhikatam jhop diyaan chhoti, vayuruddh aur zyadatar jirn-shirn ek manzila kamare haian. yahaan svasthy suvidhaean bahut kam haian aur khula sthan kafi kam hota hai. sarakar ne ek basti sudhar karyakram prayojit kiya hai.

sthapaty

gaganachumbi imaratean	samakalin kolakata ki rooparekha mean kee sthanoan par gaganachumbi imaratean aur ooanche bahumanzila khand vidyaman haian. nagar-paridrishy tezi se parivartit hua hai.
chaurangi kshetr	madhy kolakata ka chaurangi kshetr, jo kabhi bhavy avasoan ki pankti tha, karyalayoan, hotaloan aur dukanoan mean badal gaya hai.
uttari aur madhy kolakata	uttari aur madhy kolakata mean aj bhi imaratean mukhyatah do ya tin manzil ooanchi hoti haian.
dakshin v dakshin-madhy kolakata	dakshin v dakshin-madhy kolakata mean bahumanzila imaratean adhik prachalit ho gee haian.
smarak	kolakata ke sthapaty smarakoan mean pashchimi prabhav adhik jhalakata hai.
kedalaston h aaul	rajabhavan (rajyapal ka nivas sthan) darbishayar ke kedalaston h aaul ka pratiroop hai.
kl aauth h aaul	uchch nyayalay ipres, beljiyam ke kl aauth h aaul se samy rakhata hai.
taun h aaul	dorik-helenik mandap ke sath taun h aaul yoonani shaili mean hai.
sent p aaul girajaghar	sent p aaul girajaghar sthapaty iando-g aauthik shaili mean hai.
bildiang g aauthik shaili	shirsh par moortiyoan ke sath raitars bildiang g aauthik shaili ka hai.
bharatiy sangrahalay	bharatiy sangrahalay italavi shaili mean hai.
bhavy gumbad	pradhan dakaghar mean bhavy gumbadoan ke sath korithiyaee stambh haian.
shahid minar	shahid minar (aauktaraloni manyoomeant) ke khoobasoorat stambh 50 mitar ooanche haian. isaka adhar misr, stambh siriyaee aur gumbad turki shaili mean hai.
viktoriya memoriyal	viktoriya memoriyal pashchimi shastriy prabhav ke mugal sthapaty ke sath mishran ke prayas ko pradarshit karata hai.
nakhuda masjid	nakhuda masjid, agara ke sikandara mean sthit akabar ke maqabare ke adhar par banaee gee hai.
bi dala taragrih	bi dala taragrih (pleniteriyam), saanchi ke stoop (bauddh avashesh golak) par adharit hai.
pashchim bangal vidhanasabha	pashchim bangal vidhanasabha bhavan adhunik sthapaty shaili ki ek bhavy imarat hai.
ramkrishna mishan saanskritik sansthan	svatantrata pashchatt ke nirman ka sabase mahattvapoorn udaharan, ramkrishna mishan saanskritik sansthan, pashchimottar bharat ki prachin mahal sthapaty shaili mean bana hai.

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