नकदी रहित अर्थव्यवस्था

nakadi rahit arthavyavastha, 'nakadi rahit bharat' ya 'kaishales bharat' ek mishan hai, jise pradhanamantri nareandr modi ke netritv mean bharat sarakar ne shuroo kiya hai. is mishan ka uddeshy bharatiy arthavyavastha ki nakadi par nirbharata ko kam karana hai taki desh mean b di matra mean chhupe kale dhan ko baiankiang pranali mean vapis laya jae. is mishan ki shurooat 8 navanbar, 2016 ko huee jab sarakar ne ek kraantikari pahal karate hue 500 rupaye evan 1000 rupaye ke purane notoan ka achanak avamoolyan kar diya.

sandarbh

• niti ayog ne hal hi mean kaha ki ‘ane vale 3-4 varshoan mean debit, kredit kards aur etiem adi ka jhanjhat khatm ho jaega aur aaunalain pemeant aur risipt mean ullekhaniy vriddhi dekhane ko milegi’. vidit ho ki vimudrikaran ke bad se hi kaishales yani nakadi-rahit arthavyavastha ko badhava dene ke liye sarakar pratibaddh nazar a rahi hai.
• darasal, yah avashyak bhi hai kyoanki bharat mean sabase zyada nakadi sanchalan mean hai, 2014 mean yah jidipi ki 12.42% thi, jabaki chin aur brazil ke liye ye aank de kramashah 9.47% tatha 4% the. nakad sanchalan mean bharatiy rizarv baiank aur vanijyik baiankoan ka salana kharch 21,000 karo d rupe ata hai.

kya hai kaishales arthavyavastha

jab kisi arthavyavastha mean nakadi ka pravah na ke barabar ho jae tatha sabhi len-den debit evan kredit kard, tatkal bhugatan seva, rashtriy ilektr aaunik phands traansaphar aur riyal taim gr aaus setalameant jaise ilektr aaunik chainaloan evan ekikrit bhugatan iantarafes jaise bhugatan madhyamoan se hone lage to yah sthiti kaishales arthavyavastha ke roop mean paribhashit ki jati hai.

kaishales len-den ke prakar

mobail v aaulet-

• mobail v aaulet smartaphon mean maujood ek varchual v aaulet (abhasi v aaulet) hai, jisamean paise dijital mani ke roop mean rakhe jate haian.
• doosare shabdoan mean kahean to yah ek dijital pars hai jisamean se paise ko nikalakar len-den aur bhugatan kiya ja sakata hai.

plastik mani-

• plastik mani ka tatpary ph‍lastik se bane un kards jaise debit kard, kredit kard, etiem kard adi se hai jinaka ish‍temal bhugatan adi ke liye kiya ja sakata hai.
• plastik mani ke prayog se kaishales arthavyavastha ko bal to milata hi hai sath mean nakadi lekar chalane ki jhanjhatoan se bhi mukti mil jati hai.

net baiankiang-

• kisi bhi baiank dvara pradan ki ja rahi sevaoan ka kanpyootar, mobail ya kisi any yantr ke madhyam se iantaranet ke zariye prayog karana net baiankiang kahalata hai.
• isake liye baiank vebasait aur mobail ep banakar use apane grahakoan ko iantaranet ke madhyam se upalabdh karavate haian.
• tatkal bhugatan seva, rashtriy ilektr aaunik phands traansaphar aur riyal taim gr aaus setalameant net baiankiang ke tahat ane vali bhugatan pranaliyaan haian.

yooniphaid pemeant iantaraphes-

• ekikrit bhugatan iantaraphes, rashtriy bhugatan nigam (National Payment Corporation of India) dvara aranbh ki gee len-den ki ek nee pranali hai jo varchual pemeant edres ka upayog kar dhan ka tvarit hastaantaran sunishchit karati hai.
• yah bhugatan ka ek aisa madhyam hai jo satoan din chaubisoan ghante kary karata hai. is seva ka labh bina kisi iantaranet kanektiviti ke bhi uthaya ja sakata hai.
• isase dhan ke len-den mean nakadi ka chalan kam ho jaega tatha vyaparik bhugatan saral surakshit evan paradarshi ho jaega.

pemeant baiank-

• bharatiy rizarv baiank dvara do prakar ke laiseans jari kiye jate haian- sarvabhaumik baiank laiseans aur vibhedit baiank laiseans.
• ek pemeant baiank, vibhedit baiank laiseans prapt baiankoan ki shreni mean ata hai. pemeant baiank ek vishesh prakar ke baiank haian, jinhean kuchh simit baiankiang kriyakalapoan ki anumati hai.
• in baiankoan ka uddeshy pravasi shramik varg, nimh‍n ay arjit karane vale parivaroan, laghu karobaroan, asangathit kshetr ki anh‍y sansthaoan ko seva pradan kar arthavyavastha ke dijitalikaran aur vith‍tiy samaveshan ko badhava dena hai.

labh

taiks chori par rok-

• yadi arthavyavastha kaishales hoti hai to taiks chori ki ghatanaoan mean ullekhaniy roop se kami aegi.
• aisa isaliye kyoanki pratyek kaishales len-den ke praman detabes mean aankit ho jate haian, jisase kisi bhi vyakti ki vastavik ay se sanbandhit aank de jutane mean asani hoti hai.

kale dhan par rok-

• kaishales samaj ka ek mukhy labh yah hai ki ilektr aaunik madhyamoan ke zariye kiye ge arthik len-den blaik mani ke bazar ko khatm kar sakata hai.
• nakadi adharit arthavyavastha mean blaik mani ikatta karana, nashili davaoan ki taskari, manav taskari, atankavad, jabaran vasooli adi jaise aparadhik gatividhiyoan ko aanjam dena asan ban jata hai. kaishales arthavyavastha in se mukti dilane mean sahayak siddh hogi.

baiankiang sevaoan tak vyapak pahuanch-

• yah prayas sabhi ko baiankiang sevaoan ki sarvabhaumik upalabdhata sunishchit karane mean atyant hi sahayak hoga.
• aisa isaliye kyoanki is vyavastha mean baiankiang sevaoan ke vistar hetu buniyadi dhaancha kh da karane ke bajay bas ek dijital strakchar ki zaroorat hogi.

lagat mean kami-

• baiankiang seva pradan karane hetu kisi sthan vishesh par pahuanchane ki shart khatm ho jaegi, isase traanjekshanal (len-den sanbandhi) mooly ke sath-sath traansaport kharch mean bhi kami aegi.
• kaishales len-den badhega to rizarv baiank ko kam not chhapane hoange jisase notoan ki chhapaee par ane vali bhari lagat ko kam kiya ja sakata hai.
• sath hi etiem ko sucharoo roop se chaloo rakhane mean baiankoan ka hone vala kharch bhi kam hoga.

janahitakari yojanaoan ki dakshata mean vriddhi-

• janata ke kalyan hetu chalae ja rahe kee karyakramoan ki dakshata badhegi, kyoanki paise bichauliyoan ke hath mean jane ke bajay ilektr aaunik madhyamoan se sidhe logoan ke baiank akauant mean pahuanchega.

chunautiyaan

adhikaansh janasankhya ‘baiankiang net’ ke bahar-

• varsh 2015-2016 ki arthik samiksha ke anusar bachat karyoan ke sanbandh mean pure desh mean baiankiang gatividhiyoan tak matr 46 pratishat logoan ki pahuanch hai.
• jan-dhan yojana lagoo hone ke pashchath b di sankhya mean baiank akauant to khul ge lekin adhikaansh khatoan se koee len-den nahian ho raha.
• kaishales arthavyavastha ke nirman hetu yah avashyak hai ki in khatoan ko kriyashil banae jae arthath inase kuchh len-den ho.

asangathit kshetr ka prabhav-

• yadi janasankhya ka ek b da hissa baiankiang net ke dayare mean a bhi jae to kaishales hone ki muhim shayad hi saphal ho, kyoanki desh ki ek b di abadi asangathit kshetr mean kary karane ko abhishapt hai.
• yahaan hone vala adhikaansh len-den nakadi mean hi kiya jata hai. aise mean kisi se yah ummid karana ki vah nakadi mean prapt vetan ko apane baiank akauant mean jama kar phir kard ya mobail v aaulet ka prayog karega to yah beeemani hogi.

saibar suraksha ka mudda-

• vidit ho ki aktoobar 2016 mean 30 lakh se adhik debit kardoan ka vivaran chori ho gaya tha aur yah hamari kamazor saibar suraksha ka ek udaharan hai.
• aj deshoan ke bich saibar yuddh chal raha hai aur bharat mean saibar suraksha sunishchit karane ke buniyadi suvidhaoan tak ka abhav hai.
• aise mean yadi bharat ki sampoorn arthavyavastha kaishales ho jati hai to hamean apani saibar suraksha ko bhi mazaboot banana hoga.

netavark kanektiviti aur iantaranet ki lagat-

• gramin kshetroan mean iantaranet kanekshan ki anupalabdhata ya viphalata bharat mean am bat hai. isake alava bharat mean iantaranet ki lagat ab bhi kaphi adhik hai.
• kard par shulk, aaunalain len-den ve atirikt shulk hai jo vikretaoan dvara lagae jate haian. debit kard par marcheant diskauant ret (emadiar) bharat mean bahut adhik hai.
• logoan mean kanpyootar saksharata abhi bhi kam hai. isake alava log len-den ke liye ilektr aaunik paddhati ka upayog karane ke liye ashankit haian.

vartaman tasvir

• niti ayog ka yah anuman ki ane vale kuchh varshoan mean etiem aur kaish adi ki jhanjhatean khatm ho jaeangi atishayoktipoorn nahian hai.
• aj jahaan debit aur kredit kard, khudara dijital bhugatan ke pramukh srot bane hue haian vahian yoopiaee aur ‘priped bhugatan ianstroomeant (pipiaee) ke zariye len-den bhi ab zor pak d raha hai.
• aank de tasdik karate haian ki varsh 2014-2015 mean kard ke zariye pipiaee ke madhyam se hone vala len-den 18% tha jo varsh 2016-2017 mean badhakar 36% ho gaya. age badhane se pahale pipiaee aur yupiee mean kya aantar hai yah jan lete haian:
• kredit ya debit kard ke zariye mobail v aaulet mean paise rakhana aur unhean phir apani avashyakata anusar kharch karana tatha any tarah ke priped bhugatan pipiaee ke aantargat ate haian.
• vahian yupiaee yani yooniphaid pemeant iantaraphes ek ‘riyal taim’ bhugatan pranali hai, jisake adhar par hi bhim ep kam karata hai.
• asan shabdoan mean kahean to yadi kisi vyakti dvara petiem v aaulet se pemeant kiya gaya hai to vah pipiaee, jabaki bhim ep se kiya gaya bhugatan yupiaee bhugatan ka udaharan hai.
• yoopiaee ke zariye hone vala len-den janavari mean 4.2 miliyan se badhakar sitanbar 2017 mean 30 miliyan ho chuka hai, jabaki pipiaee ke zariye hone vala len-den 87 miliyan hai. sar yah hai ki arthavyavastha ke dijitalikaran ki gati santoshajanak kahi ja sakati hai.

ratan pi. vatal samiti ki sipharishean

• nakad rahit arthavyavastha mean badhaoan se sanbandhit vibhinn muddoan par vichar karane ke liye ratan pi. vatal ki adhyakshata mean ek samiti banaee gee thi. isake kuchh sujhav nimnalikhit haian-
• ek alag, svatantr bhugatan niyamak ki sthapana.
• upabhokta sanrakshan, deta suraksha aur gopaniyata par pravadhanoan ko shamil karane ke liye bhugatan aur nipatan adhiniyam par punarvichar.
• aratijies aur eneeephati 24X7 adhar par kam karana chahiye .
• dijital len-den ko badhava dene ke liye ek phand banaya jana chahiye.
• sabhi sarakari bhugatanoan aur len-den ko dijital roop mean kiya jana chahiye.
• shulkoan mean chhoot di jani chahiye, jaise relave tikat bukiang par seva shulk mean chhoot.
• sujhavoan ka samuchit kriyanvayan kiya jana chahiye, halaanki inamean se kuchh sujhavoan par sarakar kam kar rahi hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh