विमुद्रीकरण

vimudrikaran
500 aur 1000 rupaye ke not|200px|center
vivaran	vimudrikaran ek arthik gatividhi hai jisamean sarakar purani mudra ko samapt kar nee mudra chaloo karati hai.
uddeshy	kala dhan aur jali notoan ko khatm karane ke lie vimudrikaran lagoo kiya jata hai.
kab-kab hua vimudrikaran	do bar- pahali bar janavari 1978 mean ₹1000, ₹5000 aur ₹10000 ka vimudrikaran hua. doosari bar 8 navanbar, 2016 ko ₹500 aur ₹1000 ke notoan ko usi rat 12 baje se band kie jane ki ghoshana ki.
sikke jo band hue	1 paise, 2 paise, 3 paise, 5 paise, 10 paise, 20 paise aur 25 paise moolyavarg ke sikke 30 joon, 2011 se sanchalan se vapis liye gaye, atah ve vaidh mudra nahian rahe.
vishesh	bharatiy rizarv baiank, bharat mean mudra sanbandhi kary sanbhalata hai. bharat sarakar, bharatiy rizarv baiank ki salah par jari kiye jane vale vibhinn moolyavarg ke baiankanotoan ke sanbandh mean nirnay leta hai.
sanbandhit lekh	kala dhan, takasal, bharatiy rupaya
any janakari	vartaman mean, bharat mean 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 aur 2000 rupaye ke moolyavarg ke baiankanot jari kiye ja rahe haian. ₹1, ₹2 aur ₹5 moolyavargoan ke notoan ka mudran band kiya gaya hai kyoanki inaka sikkakaran ho chuka hai. tathapi, pahale jari kiye gaye aise not abhi bhi vaidh haian.
adyatan‎	14:55, 22 navambar 2016 (IST)

vimudrikaran (aangrezi:Demonenitization) ek arthik gatividhi hai jisake aantargat sarakar purani mudra ko samapt kar deti hai aur nee mudra ko prachalit karati hai. jab kala dhan badh jata hai aur arthavyavastha ke lie khatara ban jata hai to ise door karane ke lie is vidhi ka prayog kiya jata hai. jinake pas kala dhan hota hai, vah usake badale mean nee mudra lene ka sahas nahian juta pate haian aur kala dhan svayan hi nasht ho jata hai.

bharatiy mudra

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

bharat ki apani rashtriy mudra hai. isaka bazar niyamak aur jarikarta bharatiy rizarv baiank hai. naye pratik chihn ke ane se pahale rupaye ko hindi mean darshane ke lie ru aur aangrezi mean Rs. ka prayog kiya jata tha. adhunik bharatiy rupaye ko 100 paise mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. sikkoan ka mooly 5, 10, 20, 25 aur 50 paise aur 1, 2, 5 aur 10 rupaye bhi hai. baiankanot 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 aur 1000 ke mooly par haian. bharatiy kareansi ko bharatiy rupaya (INR) tatha sikkoan ko paise kaha jata hai. ek rupaya 100 paise ka hota hai.

rupaye ka pratik chihn

bharatiy rupaye ka pratik hai- yah dijaeen devanagari akshar r (ra) aur laitin b da akshar R ke sadrish hai jisamean oopar dohari a di rekha hai. bharatiy rupaya chihn (₹) bharatiy rupaye (bharat ki adhikarik mudra) ke liye prayog kiya jane vala mudra chihn hai. yah dizain bharat sarakar dvara 15 julaee 2010 ko sarvajanik kiya gaya tha moolatah yah naya chihn devanagari akshar ‘r’ par adharit hai kintu yah roman ke kaipital akshar R ka bina urdhvakar dande ka bhi abhas deta hai. atah is chihn ko in dono aksharoan ka mishran mana ja sakata hai. mool roop se tamil bhashi isake abhikalpak uday ke anusar jab vo isaka dizain soch rahe the to unhean laga ki sirph devanagari lipi se sanbandhit koee chihn hi bharatiy bhavanaoan ko vyakt kar sakata hai. oopar ki taraph samantar rekhayean (unake bich mean khali jagah samet) bharatiy jhande tirange ka abhas deti haian.

bharatiy mudra ka nirman

praranbh mean chhote rajy the jahaan vastu vinimay arthat ek vastu ke badale doosari vastu ka adan-pradan sanbhav tha. parantu kalaantar mean jab b de-b de rajyoan ka nirman hua to yah pranali samapt hoti gee aur is kami ko poora karane ke lie mudra ko janm diya gaya. itihasakar ke. vi. ar. ayangar ka manana hai ki prachin bharat mean mudraean rajasatta ke pratik ke roop mean grahan ki jati thian. parantu praranbh mean kis vyakti athava sanstha ne inhean janm diya, yah jnat nahian hai. anuman yah kiya jata hai ki vyapari varg ne adan-pradan ki suvidha hetu sarvapratham sikke taiyar karavae. sanbhavat: praranbh mean rajy isake prati udasin the. parantu paravarti yugoan mean is par rajy ka poorn niyantran sthapit ho gaya tha. kautily ke arthashastr se jnat hota hai ki mudra nirman par poornat: rajy ka adhikar tha. kuchh vidvanoan ka manana hai ki bharat mean mudraoan ka prachalan videshi prabhav ka parinam hai. vahian kuchh ise isi dharati ki upaj manate haian. vilsan aur priansep jaise vidvanoan ka manana hai ki bharat bhoomi par sikkoan ka avirbhav yoonani akraman ke pashchath hua. vahian j aaun elan unaki is avadharana ko galat batate hue kahate haian ki ‘prarambhik bharatiy sikke jaise ‘karshapan’ athava ‘ahat’ aur yoonani sikkoan ke madhy koee sampark nahian tha.

mudra se ju di kuchh pramukh batean

sikka -

vartaman mean bharat mean, 50 paise, 1 rupaye, 2 rupaye, 5 rupaye aur 10 rupaye ke moolyavargoan mean sikke jari kiye ja rahe haian. 50 paise tak ke sikke “chhote sikke” aur 1 rupaye tatha usake oopar ke sikkoan ko “rupaye sikke” kahate hai. 1 paise, 2 paise, 3 paise, 5 paise, 10 paise, 20 paise aur 25 paise moolyavarg ke sikke 30 joon 2011 se sanchalan se vapis le liye gaye haian, atah ve vaidh mudra nahian rahe. 200px|left|thumb|das paise, paanch paise, pachchis paise aur ek paise ke bharatiy siqqe (baanye se daanye)

kareansi-

vartaman mean, bharat mean 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 aur 2000 rupaye ke moolyavarg ke baiankanot jari kiye ja rahe haian. kyoanki ye bharatiy rizarv baiank (rizarv baiank) dvara jari kiye jate haian, isalie inhean “baiankanot” kaha jata hai. 1, 2 aur 5 moolyavargoan ke notoan ka mudran band kiya gaya hai kyoanki inaka sikkakaran ho chuka hai. tathapi, pahale jari kiye gaye aise not abhi bhi sanchalan mean paye ja sakate haian aur ye not vaidh mudra bane raheange.

uchch moolyavarg ke baiankanotoan ka vimudrikaran

thumb|10000 rupaye ke not vimudrikaran sanh 1978 mean hua mukhyatah aghoshit dhan par niyantran rakhane ke prayojan se, janavari 1946 mean us samay sanchalan mean maujood 1000 aur 10000 ke baiankanotoan ka vimudrikaran kiya gaya tha. varsh 1954 mean 1000, 5000 aur 10000 ke uchch moolyavarg ke baiankanotoan ko phir se jari kiya gaya aur bharat ke chauthe pradhanamantri moraraji desaee ke pradhanamantri kal mean janavari 1978 mean in baiankanotoan (1000, 5000 aur 10000) ko ek bar phir vimudrikrit kiya gaya. 8 navanbar, 2016 ko bharatiy pradhanamantri nareandr modi ne ek b da qadam uthate hue 500 aur 1000 ke notoan ko usi rat 12 baje se band kie jane ki ghoshana ki.

ek rupaya bharat sarakar ki deyataoan mean-

kareansi aaurdineans 1940 ke aantargat jari ek rupaye ke not bhi vidhi many mudra haian aur unhean bharatiy rizarv baiank adhiniyam,1934 ke sabhi prayojanoan hetu rupaye sikke ke roop mean mana gaya haian. kyoanki sarakar dvara jari rupaye sikke bharat sarakar ki deyataoan mean ate haian, isalie sarakar dvara jari ek rupaya bhi bharat sarakar ki deyata hai.

mudra prabandh mean bharatiy rizarv baiank ki bhoomika

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

bharatiy rizarv baiank adhiniyam, 1934 ke adhar par mudra prabandh mean bharatiy rizarv baiank ki bhoomika nirdharit huee hai. bharatiy rizarv baiank bharat mean mudra sanbandhi kary sanbhalata hai. bharat sarakar, rizarv baiank ki salah par jari kiye jane vale vibhinn moolyavarg ke baiankanotoan ke sanbandh mean nirnay leti hai. bharatiy rizarv baiank suraksha visheshataoan sahit baiankanotoan ki rooparekha (dijainiang) taiyar karane mean bhi bharat sarakar ke sath samanvay karata hai. bharatiy rizarv baiank baiankanotoan ki moolyavarg-var sanbhavit avashyakata ko dhyan mean rakhate hue, unaki matra ka akalan karata hai aur tadanusar, vibhinn mudran presoan ko apana maangapatr prastut karata hai. bharatiy rizarv baiank ka uddeshy am janata ko achchhi gunavatta ke not pradan karana hai. isake lie, sanchalan se vapis prapt hone vale baiankanotoan ki jaanch ki jati haian aur pun:jari karane yogy baiankanot phir se sanchalan mean dal diye jate haian tatha gande aur kate-phate baiankanotoan ko nasht kar diya jata hai jisase sanchalan mean baiankanotoan ki gunavatta bani rahe.

mudra vimudrikaran

thumb|5000 rupaye ke not vimudrikaran sanh 1978 mean hua mudra vimudrikaran ke tahat sarakar purani mudra ko samapt kar deti hai aur nee mudra chalati hai. yani purani mudra ki vaidhata nahian rahati. vah avaidh ho jati hai. amataur par arthavyavastha mean kale dhan par kaboo pane ke lie yah kadam yani vimudrikaran uthaya jata hai. jab kala dhan arthavyavastha ke liye khatara ban jata hai to ise door karane ke liye vimudrikaran apanaya jata hai. jinake pas kala dhan hota hai, vah usake badale nee mudra lene ka sahas nahian juta pate aur kala dhan svayan hi nasht ho jata hai.

nakali not tatha kala dhan banam vimudrikaran-

desh mean nakali not ka sambandh 1991 se prarambh arthik sudhar se mana ja raha hai. udaravad ke bad char kamyoonist parti evan kaangres samarthit sanyukt morche ki sarakar ko san 1996-97 mean 3,35,900 karo d rupaye ki nayi mudra chhapavane ki avashyakata p di. sanyukt morcha sarakar ne kale dhan ki samapti ke lie svaichchhik ay ujagar yojana (vidiaeees) shuru ki. vidiaeees mean lagabhag 33,000 karo d rupaye ka kala dhan samane aya. arabiaee ke takasal ki kshamata 2,16,575 karo d rupaye ki thi, jisase videshoan se 1,20,000 karo d rupaye ke not chhapavane maang huee. bharatiy mudra chhapane vali videshi kampaniyoan ko spasht nirdesh tha ki ve bharatiy not ki plet, syahi, vataramark kagaj bharat sarakar ko sauanpeangi. vaise, ianglaind ki kampani delaroo desh-videshoan ki sarakaroan ke not chhapati hai.

500 aur 1000 rupaye ke notoan ka vimudrikaran

8 navanbar, 2016 ko bharatiy pradhanamantri nareandr modi ne ek b da kadam uthate hue 500 aur 1000 ke notoan ko usi rat 12 baje se band kie jane ki ghoshana ki. yani 9 navanbar se kuchh tay jagahoan- petrol panp, aspatal, relave steshan ityadi ko chho dakar desh mean kahian bhi 500 aur 1000 ke notoan se len-den par rok lag gee. in jagahoan par bhi in notoan ke prayog ko tay samay sima (ab 24 navanbar) tak hi ijazat di gee hai. jin logoan ke pas 500 aur 1000 ke not p de haian vo unhean 30 disanbar tak desh ke kisi bhi baiank ya dakaghar mean jakar badal sakate haian ya apane khatoan mean jama kar sakate haian. sarakar ne purane notoan ki jagah 500 aur 2000 ke ne not jari kie haian jo logoan ko baiankoan aur etiem ke madhyam se milane shuroo ho ge haian. halaanki len-den ke poori tarah samany hone mean kuchh haphte aur lageange. is phaisale mean pradhanamantri nareandr modi ko arabiaee ke vartaman gavarnar urjit patel ka samarthan hasil hai. urjit patel ne pradhanamantri modi ke phaisale ko “bahut sahasik kadam” bataya hai. halaanki arabiaee ke poorv gavarnar raghuram rajan vimudrikaran ko kaladhan bahar lane ke lie jyada karagar nahian manate haian. kee any visheshajnoan ne bhi is kadam par saval uthae haian. bharatiy saankhyiki sansthan, kolakata ke prophesar abhiroop sarakar ke anusar kala dhan rakhane vale jyadatar log apane paise videshi baiankoan mean rakhate haian isalie desh mean vimudrikaran karane se jyada b de machhaliyoan ka kuchh nahian big dega. arabiaee ke anusar 31 march 2016 tak bharat mean 16.42 lakh karo d rupaye mooly ke not bazar mean the jisamean se karib 14.18 lakh rupaye 500 aur 1000 ke notoan ke roop mean the. arabiaee ki riport ke anusar kul desh mean tab tak maujood kul 9026 karo d notoan mean karib 24 pratishat not (karib 2203 karo d rupaye) hi prachalan mean thian.