पंचायत व्यवस्था

1988 mean pi. ke. thuangan samiti ka gathan panchayati sansthaoan par vichar karane ke lie kiya gaya. is samiti ne apane prativedan mean kaha ki raj sansthaoan ko sanvidhan mean sthan diya jana chahie. is samiti ki sifarish ke adhar panchayati raj ko sanvaidhanik manyata pradan karane ke lie 1989 mean 64vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan lokasabha mean pesh kiya gaya, jise lok sabha ke dvara parit kar diya gaya, lekin rajy sabha ke dvara namanjoor kar diya gaya. isake bad lokasabha ko bhang kar die jane ke karan yah vidheyak samapt kar diya gaya. isake bad 74vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan pesh kiya gaya, jo lokasabha ke bhang kiye jane ke karan samapt ho gaya. isake bad 16 disambar, 1991 ko 72vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan vidheyak pesh kiya gaya, jise sanyukt sansadiy samiti (pravar samiti) ko sauanp diya gaya. is samiti ne vidheyak par apani sammati julaee 1992 mean di aur vidheyak ke kramaank ko badalakar 73vaan sanvidhan sanshodhan vidheyak kar diya gaya, jise 22 disambar, 1992 ko lokasabha ne tatha 23 disambar, 1992 ko rajyasabha ne parit kar diya. 17 rajy vidhan sabhaoan ke dvara anumodit kiy jane par ise rashtrapati ki sammati ke lie unake samaksh pesh kiya gaya. rashtrapati ne 20 aprail, 1993 ko is par apani sammati de di aur ise 24 aprail, 1993 ko pravartit kar diya gaya.

vibhinn rajyoan mean vartaman panchayati rajy sansthaean

rajy	star	sansthaean

keral	ek stariy	gram panchayat
jammoo-kashmir	ek stariy	gram panchayat
tripura	ek stariy	gram panchayat
manipur	ek stariy	gram panchayat
sikkim	ek stariy	gram panchayat
asam	do stariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti
madhy pradesh	do stariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti
karnatak	do stariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti
u disa	do stariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti
hariyana	do stariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti
uttar pradesh	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
bihar	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
rajasthan	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
maharashtr	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
andhr pradesh	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
himachal pradesh	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
panjab	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
tamilanadu	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
gujarat	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-panchayat samiti, 3-zila panchayat
pashchim bangal	char stariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-achal panchayat, 3-aanchalik parishad, 4-zila panchayat
meghalay	ek stariy	janajatiy parishad
nagalaind	ek stariy	janajatiy parishad
mizoram	ek stariy	janajatiy parishad
gova	tristariy	1-gram panchayat, 2-taluka samiti, 3-zila panchayat

panchayat vyavastha ke sambandh mean pravadhan sanvidhan ke bhag 9 mean 16 anuchchhedoan mean shamil kiya gaya, jo nimn prakar haian–

1. panchayat vyavastha ke antargat sabase nichale star par gramasabha hogi. isamean ek ya ek se adhik gaanv shamil kie ja sakate haian. gramasabha ki shaktiyoan ke sambandh mean rajy vidhan mandal dvara qanoon banaya jaega.
2. jin rajyoan ki janasankhya 20 lakh se kam hai, unamean do stariy panchayat, arthath zila star aur gaanv star par, ka gathan kiya jaega aur 20 lakh ki janasankhya se adhik vale rajyoan mean tristariy panchayat rajy, arthath gaanv, madhyavarti tatha zila star par, ki sthapana ki jaegi.
3. sabhi star ke panchayatoan ke sabhi sadasyoan ka chunav vayask matadataoan dvara pratyek paanchavean varsh mean kiya jaega. gaanv star ke panchayat ke adhyaksh ka chunav pratyakshatah tatha madhyavarti evan zila star ke panchayat ke adhyaksh ka chunav apratyaksh roop se kiya jaega.
4. panchayat ke sabhi staroan par anusoochit jati tatha anusoochit janajati ke sadasyoan ke lie unake anupat mean arakshan pradan kiya jaega tatha mahilaoan ke lie 30% arakshan hoga.
5. sabhi star ki panchayatoan ka karyakal paanch varsh hoga, lekin inaka vighatan paanch varsh ke pahale bhi kiya ja sakata hai, parantu vighatan ki dasha mean 6 mas ke antargat chunav karana avashyak hoga.
6. panchayatoan ko kaun si shaktiyaan prapt hoangi aur ve kin uttaradayitvoan ka nirvah kareangi, isaki soochi sanvidhan mean gyaharavian anusoochi mean di gayi haian. is soochi mean panchayatoan ke kary nirdharan ke lie 29 kary kshetroan ko chihnit kiya gaya hai, jo nimn prakar haian-
   1. krishi, jisake antargat krishi vistar bhi hai
   2. bhoomi sudhar aur mrida sanrakshan
   3. laghu sianchaee, jal prabandh aur jal achchhadan vikas
   4. pashu palan, dugdh udyog aur kukkut palan
   5. matsy udyog
   6. samajik vanodyog aur farm vanodyog
   7. laghu van utpad
   8. laghu udyog, jisake antargat khady prasanskaran udyog bhi hai
   9. khadi, gram aur kutir udyog
   10. gramin avas
   11. pey jal
   12. eedhan aur chara
   13. s dakean, puliya, pul, naughat, jal marg aur sanchar ke any sadhan
   14. gramin vidyutikaran, jisake antargat vidyut ka vitaran bhi hai
   15. gair paramparik oorja srot
   16. garibi upashaman karyakram
   17. shiksha, jisake antargat prathamik aur madhyamik vidyalay bhi haian
   18. takaniki prashikshan aur vyavasayik shiksha
   19. praudh aur anaupacharik shiksha
   20. pustakalay
   21. saanskritik kriya kalap
   22. bazar aur mele
   23. svasthy aur svachchhata (aspatal, prathamik svasthy kendr aur aushadhalay)
   24. parivar kalyan
   25. mahila aur bal vikas
   26. samaj kalyan (vikalaang aur manasik roop se avikasit sahit)
   27. kamazor vargoan ka (vishesh roop se anusoochit jatiyoan tatha janajatiyoan ka) kalyan
   28. lok vitaran pranali
   29. samudayik astiyoan ka anurakshan
7. rajy vidhan mandal qanoon banakar panchayatoan ko upayukt sthaniy kar lagane, unhean vasool karane tatha unase prapt dhan ko vyay karane ka adhikar pradan kar sakati hai.
8. panchayatoan ki vittiy avastha ke sambandh mean jaanch karane ke lie prati paanchavean varsh vittiy ayog ka gathan kiya jaega, jo rajyapal ko apani riport dega.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh