kisi vishay ka upalabdh sampoorn aur kramabaddh jnan, vijnan, kisi vishay ke jnan ka kramabaddh aur vivechanatmak granth. jaise-dharmashastr. jnan-vijnan ki koee shakha. jaise- sauandaryashastr, ganitashastr. achar-niti adi ke niyamoan ka nirdeshak dharmagranth. jaise- hindoo shastroan mean '
manusmriti' ka pramukh sthan hai.