सांख्य दर्शन और गीता

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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bhagavadgita mean saankhy darshan

bhagavadgita mean vibhinn darshanik sampradayoan ne apane anukool darshan ka anveshan kiya aur tadanuroop usaki vyakhya ki. lekin jin sidvantoan par saankhy parampara ke roop mean ekadhikar mana jata hai. unaka gita mean hona-aisa tathy hai jise koee asvikar nahian kar sakata. haan, yah avashy kaha ja sakata hai ki jo vidvan saankhy darshan ko nirishvaravadi ya avaidik manakar vichar karate haian ve avashy hi gita mean saankhy darshan ke darshan nahian kar pate haian. is par bhi prachin saankhy jisaka mahabharat mean chitran hai, avashy hi gita mean svikar kiya jata hai. bhagavadgita mean kaha gaya hai-

prakritian purushan chaiv viddhayanadi ubhavati.
vikaraanshch gunaanshchaiv viddhi prakritisanbhavanh॥13/19

karyakaranakartritve hetu: prakritiruchyate.
purush: sukhadu:khanaan bhauktritve heturuchyate॥20॥ prakriti aur purush donoan anadi haian, samast vikas aur gun prakriti se utpann haian. karyakaranakartrivy (parinam) ka hetu prakriti tatha sukh-du:kh bhoktritv ka hetu purush hai.

mayadhyakshen prakriti: sooyate sacharacharamh.
hetunanen kauntey jagadviparivartate॥

  • meri (paramatma ki) adhyakshata (adhishthatritv) mean hi prakriti charachar jagat ki srishti karati hai. is prakar bhagavadgita tin tattvoan ko manati hai-
  1. prakriti,
  2. purush evan
  3. paramatma. vaidik sahity mean 'purush' par chetan tattv ke lie prayukt hota hai. is prakar j d-chetan-bhed se do tattv niroopit hote haian. gita mean srishti ka moolakaran prakriti ko hi mana gaya hai. paramatma usaka adhishthan hai- is adhishthatritv ko nimitt karan kaha ja sakata hai. paramatma ki para-apara prakriti ke roop mean jiv-prakriti ko svikar karake in tin tatvoan ke sambandhoan ki vyakhya ki gee hai. paramatma svayan is jagat se pare rahata hua bhi isake utpatti aur pralay ka niyantran karata hai.[1]
  • gita mean shrikrishna kahate haian- 'jo kuchh bhi sattv, rajas, tamas bhav haian ve sab mujhase (paramatma se) hi pravritt hote haian. maian unamean nahian balki ve mujhamean haian. in trigunoan se mohit hua yah jagat mujhe avinashi ko nahian janata. is daivi gunamayi meri maya ke jal se nikalana kathin hai. jo mujh ko jan lete haian ve is jal se nikal jate haian[2].' paramatma ki maya kahane mean jahaan maya ya prakriti se sambandh ki soochana milati hai vahian sanbandh ke lie anivary bhinnata ka bhi sanket milata hai. paramatma prakriti mean antarvyapt aur bahirvyapt hai. isilie paramatma ke vyakt hone ya avyakt rahane ka koee arth nahian hota. vyakt avyakt sapeksharthak shabd hai. paramatma ke vyakt hone ki kalpana ko gitakar abuddhipoorv kathan manate haian[3]. at: jab paramatma ki maya se srishtayutpatti kahi jati hai tab usaka ashay yah nahian hota ki paramatma apani chamatkari shakti se vyakt hota hai, balki yah ki usaki avyakt namni maya ya trigunatmika prakriti hi vyakt hoti hai. isase bhi upadan karanabhoot prakriti ki prithakh satta ki svikriti jhalakati hai. paramatma svayan jagadaroop mean nahian ata balki jagat ke samast bhootoan mean vyapt rahata hai[4]. samast kary (kriya) prakriti dvara hi kie jate haian. paramatma anadi, nirgun, avyay hone se sharir mean rahate hue bhi akarta-alipt rahata hai[5]. (yah) sharir kshetr hai aur isaka jnata kshetrajn hai. paramatma to samast kshetroan ka kshetrajn hai[6]. isase bhi jiv tatha deh donoan mean paramatma ka vas suspasht hota hai.
  • saankhy shastr mean many trigunatmak prakriti gita ko bhi many hai. srishti ka koee bhi aisa padarth nahian haian jo prakriti ke tin gunoan se rahit ho[7]. shaanti parv mean prastut saankhy tatha tattvasamasokt ashtaprakriti ko bhi gita svikar karati hai. yahaan paanch sookshm bhoot (tanmatr), buddhi, ahankar tatha man in ath ko ashtaprakriti ke roop mean kaha gaya hai[8]. saankhyashastr mean many ashtaprakriti ke antargat man ka ullekh nahian hai. gita mean man ko sammilit kar, moolaprakriti ka lop kar diya gaya. man svayan kuchh utpann nahian karata. at: use prakriti kahana sangat pratit nahian hota. at: to yahaan man ka arth prakriti liya jay athava saankhy mean jo anek roop prachalit the unamean se ek bhed yahaan svikar kar liya jaye.
  • prakritiroop kshetr ke vikar, unake gunadharm adi ki charcha karate hue kaha gaya hai- mahabhoot, ahankar, buddhi, ekadash indriy tatha paanch indriy vishay inaka karanabhoot- sab kshetr ke svaroop mean nihit hai. ise avyakt kaha gaya hai.
  • kshar tatha akshar tattv ka niroopan karate hue kaha gaya hai kshararoop prakriti adhibhoot hai tatha purush adhidaivat hai aur samast deh mean paramatma adhiyajn hai[9]. srishti roopi yajn mean devata roopi purush (jivatma) ke lie bhog apavarg roop purusharth ke lie hai aur isaka uddeshy paramatma ki prapti hai. isilie paramatma ki bhi prithakh satta ki manyata prastut ki gee hai. ek sthal par kaha gaya hai ki is sansar mean kshar tatha akshar ya nashavan parivartanashil tatha jivatma akshar hai uttam purush any hai jise paramatma kahate haian. vah tinoan lokoan mean pravesh kar sabaka palan karata hai, vah avinashi eeshvar hai. vah kshar aur akshar se uttam hai use purushottam kaha jata hai[10]. is tarah pun: jivatma-paramatma mean bhed darshaya gaya.
  • karyakaran-shrriankhala mean vyakt samast jagat ka mool hetu prakriti hai aur jivatma sukh du:khadi ke bhog mean hetu hai. paramatma is sabase pare inaka bharta bhokta hai. is tarah jo jan leta hai vah mukt ho jata hai. prakritisth hua purush gun sang hokar prakriti ke gunoan ka bhog karata hua shubhashubh yoniyoan mean janm leta rahata hai[11]. sattv rajas prakriti se vyakt gun hi avyay purush ko deh mean baandhate haian[12]. in gunoan ke atirikt karta any kuchh bhi nahian hai- aisa jab sadhak jan leta hai to gunoan se pare mujhe jan kar paramatma ko prapt hota hai[13]. is tarah gita vyaktavyaktajn jnan se mukti ka niroopan karati hai.
  • gita darshan ka saankhy roop vivechan udayavir shastri ne atyant vistar se kiya hai[14]. nishkarshat: kaha ja sakata hai ki mahabharat ke aangabhoot hone se shaantiparvantargat saankhy darshan ka hi gita bhi avalamban karati hean. haan, prachalit vidvan manyatanusar nirishvar saankhy gita ko isht nahian hai.

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ gita 7/5,6
  2. ↑ gita 7/12-14
  3. ↑ avyaktan vyaktamapannan manyante mamabuddhay:
  4. ↑ saman sarveshu bhooteshu tishthantan parameshvaramh 13/31
  5. ↑ gita 13/31
  6. ↑ gita 13/1,2
  7. ↑ gita 18/40
  8. ↑ gita 7/4
  9. ↑ gita 8/4
  10. ↑ gita 15/16,18
  11. ↑ gita 12/21
  12. ↑ gita 14/5
  13. ↑ gita 14/19
  14. ↑ saan.d.i.prishth 449-84

sanbandhit lekh

dekhean • varta • badalean
saankhy darshan

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