सांख्य दर्शन और बुद्ध
buddhacharitam mean saankhy darshan
- prasiddh bauddh achary ashvaghosh ki kavy rachana 'buddhacharitamh' mean bhi saankhy darshan achary arath ke darshan ke roop mean milata hai.
- ashvaghosh ka jivanakal eesa ki pratham shatabdi mean mana jata hai. buddhacharitamh mean saankhy shabd se kisi darshan ka ullekh n hone par arad darshan ke saankhy darshan kahane mean koee asangati nahian hai.
- buddhacharitamh ke anusar arad kapil ki darshan-parampara ke achary the. arad jis siddhant ko prastut karate haian use pratibuddh kapil ka kahate haian. 'sashishy: kapilashcheh pratibuddh iti smrit:[1]' apane darshan ke pravakta ke roop mean ve jaigishavy janak vriddh parashar ke prati bhi samman vyakt karate haian isake atirikt arad darshan mean prastut v prayukt padavali bhi mahabharat mean prastut saankhy ka hi smaran karati hai.
- buddhacharitamh mean saankhy darshan ko is prakar prastut kiya gaya hai-
shrooyatamayamasmakamh siddhant: shrrinvataan var.
yatha bhavati sansaro yatha chaiv nivartate॥
prakritishch vikarashch janm mrityurjaraiv ch.
tatvavasatvamityuktan sthiran satvan pare hi tath॥
tatr tu prakritirnam viddhi prakritikovid.
panchabhootanyahankaran buddhimavyaktamev ch॥
asy kshetrasy vijnanath iti sanjni ch.
kshetrajn iti chatmanan kathayantyatmachiantaka:॥
ajnan kananrm trishana ch jneya: sansarahetav:.
sthitoasminstraye jantustath sattvan nabhivartate॥
ityavidya hi vidvanh s panchaparva samihate.
tamo moh mahamoh tamistradvayamev ch॥
drashta shrota ch manta ch karyakaranamev ch.
ahamityevamagamy sansare parivartate॥[2]
vyakt, avyakt aur jn ke bhedajnan se apavarg prapti saankhy ka many siddhant hai. buddhacharitamh ke anusar pratibuddhi, abuddh, vyakt tatha avyakt ke samyakh jnan se purush ko sansarachakr se mukti milati hai mokshavastha shashvat aur aparivartanashil hai. is avastha mean vah du:kh aur ajnan se mukt hota hai. (paramatma) ko nity tatha vyakt purush ko anity kaha gaya hai. atharahavian karika mean purushabahutv ke lie die ge hetu jivatma ke lie hi hai. jis ke viparyas se sakshi arkata adi lakshan vala purush siddh hota hai. charak sanhita ke uparyukt ullekh tatha karika ke darshan ke ukt sthaloan par abhi paryapt sookshm spashtikaran apekshit hai. sharirasthanamh mean kitane purush hai? prashn ke uttar mean purush ke bhed bataye gaye haian. is prasang mean ye ek hi purushatattv ya chetanatattv ke bhinn-bhinn roop haian- aisa sanket n hone se anadi purush jo ki nity akaran (ahetuk) hai tatha adi purush (rashipurush) jo anity hai aise do bhed to grahan kie ja sakate haian. is prasang mean jo purushasanbandhi batean kahi gee haian. unhean rashipurushasanbandhi hi samajhana chahie kyoanki chikitsakiy shastr ka sanbandh us purush se hi hai. prakriti aur vikaroan ke sanbandh mean poochhe ge prashnoan ke uttar mean kaha hai-
khadini buddhiravyaktamahankarastathaashtam:.
bhootaprakritiruddishta chikarashchaiv shodash॥
buddhindriyani panchartha vikara iti sanjnita:॥[3]
jayate buddhiravyaktatadh buddhayahamiti manyate.
paramh khadinyahankaradutpadyante yathakramamh॥ 66॥
- yahaan 'uddishta', 'sanjnita', 'manyate', adi pad yah soochit karate haian ki uparokt mat poorv mean hi sthapit aur prachalit the. 'yathakram' bhi soochit karata hai ki isase poorv mean hi ek kram tattvotpatti ka sthapit ho chuka tha aur yahaan usaka anukaran hi kiya gaya hai. spasht hai poorv mean hi sthapit yah mat saankhy darshan ka hai.
- charak sanhita ke sharirasthanamh ke paanchave adhyay mean moksh sanbandhi vichar is prakar prastut kiya gaya hai-
mohechchhadveshakarmamoola pravritti:...evamahankaradibhidorshai:
bhramyamano nativartate pravrittian: sa ch moolamaghasy॥10
nivrittirapavarg: tatparan prashantan tadaksharan tadbrahm s moksh: ॥11॥
sarvabhav svabhavajno yatha bhavati nisprih:
yogan yatha sadhayate saankhyan sanpadyate yatha॥16॥
pashyat: sarvabhavanh hi sarvavasthasu sarvada.
brahmabhootasy sanyogo n shuddhasyopapadyate॥21॥
natman: karanabhavalligamapyupalabhyate.
s sarvakaranatyaganmukt ityabhidhiyate॥22॥