वोल्गा से गंगा -राहुल सांकृत्यायन
volga se ganga -rahul saankrityayan
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| lekhak | rahul saankrityayan |
| mool shirshak | volga se ganga |
| prakashak | kitab mahal |
| prakashan tithi | sanh 1944 |
| desh | bharat |
| bhasha | hindi |
| vishay | aitihasik, samajik, arthik, rajanitik |
| prakar | kahani sangrah |
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volga se ganga hiandi sahity ke mahapandit rahul saankrityayan ki prakashit pustak hai jisamean 6000 ee. poo. se 1942 tak manav samaj ke aitihasik, arthik, rajanitik adharoan ka 20 kahaniyoan ke roop mean poorn chitran kiya gaya hai.
rahul saankrityayan ki kalajayi kriti
volga se ganga pustak mahapandit rahul saankrityayan dvara likhi gee bis kahaniyoan ka sangrah hai. is kahani-sangrah ki bis kahaniyaan ath hajar varshoan tatha das hajar kilomitar ki paridhi mean bandhi huee haian. is prakar ham kah sakate haian ki yah kahaniyaan bharopiy manavoan ki sabhyata ke vikas ki poori k di ko samane rakhane mean saksham haian. 6000 ee.poo. se 1942 ee. tak ke kalakhand mean manav samaj ke aitihasik, arthik evan rajanitik adhyayan ko rahul saankrityayan ne is kahani-sangrah mean baandhane ka prayas kiya hai. ve apane kahani sangrah ke vishay mean khud hi likhate haian ki-
“lekhak ki ek-ek kahani ke pichhe us yug ke sanbandh ki vah bhari samagri hai, jo duniya ki kitani hi bhashaoan, tulanatmak bhashavijnan, mitti, patthar, taanbe, pital, lohe par saanketik va likhit sahity athava alikhit gitoan, kahaniyoan, riti-rivajoan, totake-tonoan mean paee jati hai.”
is tarah yah kitab apani bhoomika mean hi apani aitihasik mahatta aur visheshata ko prakat kar deti hai.[1]
6000 ee. poo. se lekar 2500 ee. poo. tak
rahul saankrityayan dvara rachit volga se ganga ki pahali char kahaniyaan 6000 ee. poo. se lekar 2500 ee. poo. tak ke samaj ka chitran karati haian. nisha, diva, amritashv aur pooruhut, yah charoan kahaniyaan us kal ki haian, jab manushy apani adam avastha mean tha, kabiloan ke rup mean rahata tha aur shikar karake apana pet bharata tha. us yug ke samaj ka aur halatoan ka chitran karane mean rahul ji ne bhale hi kalpana ka sahara liya ho, kiantu in kahaniyoan mean us samay ko dekha ja sakata hai.
2000 ee. poo. se 700 ee. poo. tak
sangrah ki agali char kahaniyaan— purudhan, aangira, sudas aur pravahan haian. in kahaniyoan mean 2000 ee. poo. se 700 ee. poo. tak ke samajik utar-chadhavoan aur manav sabhyata ke vikas ko prakat karati haian. in kahaniyoan mean ved, puran, mahabharat, brahman granthoan, upanishadoan adi ko adhar banaya gaya hai.
490 ee. poo. se 335 ee. poo. tak
490 ee. poo. ko prakat karati kahani bandhul mall mean bauddhakalin jivan prakat hua hai. isi kahani ki prerana se rahul ji ne ‘sianh senapati’ upanyas likha tha. 335 ee. poo. ke kal ko prakat karati kahani ‘nagadatt’ mean achary chanaky ke samay ki, yavan yatriyoan ke bharat agaman ki yadean jhalak uthati haian.
madhy yug se vartaman yug
isi tarah 50 ee.poo ke samay ko prakat karati kahani ‘prabha’ mean ashvaghosh ke buddhacharit aur sauandaranand ko mahasoos kiya ja sakata hai. suparn yaudhey, bharat mean guptakal arthath 420 ee. poo. ko, raghuvansh ko, abhijnan shakuantalamh aur panini ke samay ko prakat karati kahani hai. isi tarah durmukh kahani hai, jisamean 630 ee. ka samay prakat hota hai, harshacharit, kadambari, hvenasaang aur eetsiang ke sath hamean bhi le jakar jod deti hai. chaudahavian kahani, jisaka shirshak chakrapani hai, 1200 ee. ke naishadhacharit ka tatha us yug ka khaka hamare samane khianchakar rakh deti hai. pandrahavian kahani baba nooradin se lekar aantim kahani sumer tak ke bich mean lagabhag 650 varshoan ka aantaral hai. madhy yug se vartaman yug tak ki rajanitik, samajik, arthik evan saanskritik pravrittiyoan ko apane madhyam se vyakt karati yah chhah kahaniyaan— baba nooradin, suraiya, rekha bhagat, mangal sianh, safadar aur sumer atit se utarakar hamean vartaman tak is tarah la deti haian ki hamean ek saphar ke poore ho jane ka ahasas hone lagata hai. in kahaniyoan mean bhi katha-ras ke sath hi aitihasik pramanikata is had tak shamil hai ki katha aur itihas mean aantar kar pana asanbhav ho jata hai.[1]
prasangikata
rahul saankrityayan ka yah katha-sangrah bhale hi hiandi ke katha-sahity ki dharohar ho, kiantu is tathy ko nakara nahian ja sakata ki jnan-vijnan ki any shakhaoan mean, itihas-bhoogol ke adhyayan mean bhi yah pustak bahut mahattvapoorn aur prasangik hai. bahut saralata ke sath katha-ras mean dubakiyaan lagate hue manav-sabhyata ke itihas ko jan lene ke lie is pustak se achchha madhyam doosara koee nahian ho sakata.[1]
matrisattatmak samaj mean stri ka varchasv
rahul saankrityayan ki kriti ‘volga se ganga’ matrisattatmak samaj mean stri varchasv aur stri samman ko vyakt karane vali bejo d rachana hai. is rachana mean yadi striyoan ke kul pradarshan aur prakriti par nazar dau daya jae to pata chalata hai ki matrisattatmak samaj mean stri kitani unmukt, atmanirbhar aur svachchhand thian. stri kisi ki sanpatti nahian thi. striyoan ke sv-nirnay ka us vakt b da pradhany tha aur ise ek svabhavik kriya ke rup mean dekha jata tha. ‘volga se ganga’ ki sabase pahali kahani ‘nisha’ vishesh rup se ullekhaniy hai. kahanikar ke anusar us vakt hind, eeran aur yoorop ki sari jatiyaan ek kabile ke ph aaurm mean thian. shayad yakin karane mean dikkat ho lekin us dauran pratyek sahasik karyoan mean striyaan pahalakadami kiya karati thian aur ye koee ashchary nahian tha balki ek svabhavik ghatana thi. is kahani ke anusar matrisattatmak samaj ki striyaan pashu-shikar se lekar pashan-parashu aur ban chalana, chakoo chalana, paha d chadhana, tairaki, nrity adi vibhinn kalaoan mean parangat hoti thian. balki kaha jae to ve purushoan ki tulana mean zyada tez aur sahasi hoti thian. jangal mean rahate hue jab jangali pashu akraman karate the to jujharu striyaan hi age badhakar ek yoddha ki tarah unaka samana karati thian. is kahani-sangrah ki ‘diva’ kahani bhi stri ke ne rup ko udghatit karati hai. striyoan ke avaran-mukt svabhav ka anuman isi se lagaya ja sakata hai ki prem ke kshetr mean ve pahalakadami karati haian. rahul saankrityayan ne b de kaushal se is kriti mean matrisattatmak samaj ko pitrisattak samaj mean badalate dikhaya hai jisake lie unhoanne aitihasik ghatanaoan ko adhar banaya hai. ve dikhate haian ki stri kis tarah dhire-dhire apani svatantrata aur muktata se vanchit ho rahi hai, use apaharan kiya ja raha hai, vah dasi banaee ja rahi hai, usaka mol ho raha hai, kis tarah ek se adhik patni rakhane ka vidhan samaj mean lagoo hota hai. stri-tantr purush-tantr mean badal jata hai. striyoan ka yoddha rup gayab ho jata hai aur purush asali yoddha ke rup mean shakti arjit karate haian. striyaan keval sauandaryavati aur komalaangi hai. halaanki nayikaean pratibhashali hoti haian. vidya aur buddhi mean purush ke samakaksh dikhati haian, mahatvakaankshi haian lekin baki striyaan keval suandar hai. ve bandini ki tarah ziandagi basar karati haian. kriti ke aant tak ate-ate rahul saankrityayan ek aise samaj ki chhavi samane late haian jo chhoti manasikata ke tahat stri ko bhogya ke rup mean dekhata hai, stri ka balatkar karata hai. ab nayika ka farq nahian rah jata, sabhi striyaan aantat: puans-shoshan se pi dit rahati haian aur apane astitv ke lie chhatapata rahi hoti haian.[2]
kal ki kothari se nikali 'volga se ganga'
20 vian sadi ke mahanh ghumakk d lekhak-chiantak rahul saankrityayan ki volga se ganga namak prasiddh kriti jel ki kali kothari mean srijit huee thi. jel tha hajaribag keandriy karagar. jel rikard ke anusar ve yahaan svatantrata aandolan mean bhag lene ke karan alag-alag samay mean lagabhag 5 varsho tak kaid rahe. is avadhi ko unhoanne apane srijan ke madhyam se amit bana diya. isake alava -sianh senapati aur darshan digdarshan ki rachana bhi yahian huee thi. apane sanpoorn jivan mean kul 157 kritiyoan ke rachanakar rahul saankrityayan ek aprail 1923 ko pahali bar hajaribag seantral jel ke bandi bane. isake bad se lagatar unaka yahaan ane-jane ka silasila jari raha. 27 march 1940 ko doosari bar tatha 30 disanbar 1941 ko tisari bar yahaan bandi rahe. rahul ke srijan ka mook gavah hajaribag ka seantral jel hai jisake parisar mean is mahabhikshuk ne apani vicharadhara ko lipibaddh kiya tha. ek ajib sanyog hai ki unaka janm aur mahaprayan ka mahina aprail hi raha hai. vicharoan ko moort roop dekar unhoanne siddh kar diya tha ki adami jangal mean rahe ya paha d par, nadi mean ya ghati mean, apane rah kshan ka sadupayog kar sakata hai. seantral jel ke rahul smriti kaksh mean unaki smritiyaan surakshit haian. unake srijan sthal ka mahattvapoorn p dav tha hajaribag. unhoanne sharada pith ke shankarachary se ganit padhana sikha tha. isake sath hi islam dharm ka gahan adhyayan kiya tha. phreanch samet kee videshi bhashaean sikhi. svatantrata aandolan ke sootradhar rahe rahul ke pragatishil vichar vartaman rajanitik vyavastha ke path pradarshak haian. unaki smriti mean shahar mean kisi pratima ki sthapana ab tak nahian ki gee hai. bauddhik samaj ke samaksh yah prashn anuttarit hai.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 mishr, d aau. rahul. volga se ganga : shashvat pravah ka shalin darshan (hiandi) kahi-anakahi-batakahi (bl aaug). abhigaman tithi: 24 march, 2013.
- ↑ matrisattatmak samaj aur ‘volga se ganga’– sarada banarji (hiandi) pravakta d aaut k aaum). abhigaman tithi: 24 march, 2013.
- ↑ hajaribag jel ki kothari se nikali thi volga se ganga (hiandi) jagaran d aaut k aaum). abhigaman tithi: 24 march, 2013.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh