बंगाल गजट

bangal gajat (aangrezi:Bengal Gazette) bharat mean prakashit hone vala ek aangrezi bhasha ka pahala samachar patr tha. isake prakashak jems agastas hikki (James Augustus Hickey) the. yah ek saptahik patr tha jo kolakata se sanh 1780 mean arambh hua. hiki gajat ke prakashan ka ek karan bajar ke lie soochanaean upalabdh karana tha. yah manana ki vah aangrezi prashasan ke virodh ke lie nikala gaya galat aur bhramak hai. haanan yah zaroor hai ki usamean aangrezi prashasan mean vyapt bhraptachar aur rishvatakhori ke samachar pramukhata se hote the.

mudrit patrakarita ki shuruat

eest iandiya kanpani ke ek karmachari jems agastas hikki ne pahali bar kalakatta se char prishthoan ke ek aangrezi samachar patr 'bangal gajat ka prakashan aranbh kiya. is tarah bharat mean mudrit patrakarita praranbh karane ka shrey hikki ko jata hai. 'bangal gajat ar kalakatta janaral edavarataijar' namak yah patr 'bangal gajat' ya 'hikki gajat' ke nam se bhi prasiddh tha, kyoanki isaka prakashan hikki kiya karata tha.

'hikki gajat' ke praveshaank mean hikki ne svayan ko anarebal kanpani ka mudrak ghoshit kiya. hikki ne patrakarita ka kary kyoan shuroo kiya, isake bare mean usane apane patr mean likha hai. usaka kahana tha ki kanpani ke adhikariyoan dvara bharat mean jo loot macharhi garhi thi, usase vah ahat tha. any karmachariyoan ki tarah vah bhi yah sab dekhate hue chup nahian baith sakata tha. isi vajah se apane man aur atma ki svatantrata hasil karane ke lie usane patrakarita ka kam shuroo kiya. yah patr ek aisa saptahik hone ka dava karata tha, jisaki mukhy samagri rajanitik aur vanijyik thi. 'bangal gajat' ke pahale aank mean hikki ne apane patr ke udadeshyoan ke bare mean likha-

“A weekly political and commercial paper, open to all parties but influenced by none.” rajanitik aur vanijyik khabaroan ke alava is patr mean shadi-byah v any tatkalin samajik vishayoan jaise bajar bhav adi ki bhi janakariyaan prakashit ki jati thian. is prakar samacharoan ke prati kautoohal hikki ne hi paida kiya tha. sanpadak ke nam patr kalam ko praranbh karane ka shrey bhi 'bangal gajat' ko hi jata hai. is kalam ke madhyam se yah bhi pata chalata hai ki patr janata ki bhavanaoan ko abhivyakti dene ka pakshadhar tha. yah ek lokataantrik soch ko hi darshata hai. 25 march, 1780 ke aank mean philan throps ke nam se sanpadak ke nam ek patr chhapa tha, jisamean kolakata ke portagij shmashan ghat ki gandagi ke bare mean shikayat ki garhi thi.

un dinoan rhist iandiya kanpani ke adhikariyoan ne niji vyapar chalakar tatha any tarikoan se bhari loot macha rakhi thi. hikki ne in sab g dab diyoan ka bhaanda-pho d karana shuroo kiya. isake lie samachar patr se achchha madhyam aur kya ho sakata tha. hikki ke gajat ki maharat rhist iandiya kanpani ke karmiyoan ki niji jiandagi ka bhaanda-pho d karane mean thi. apane krityoan ko sabake samane laya jana us samay ke aangrej adhikariyoan ko nagavar gujara. unhoanne hikki ko rokane ke lie tarah-tarah ke hathakande apanane shuroo kar diye. hikki ne jab varen hestiangs ki patni aur kuchh any ala aphasaroan ke viruddh vyaktigat aur tikhe prahar kiye, tab use jiopi (janaral post aphis) ke dvara samachar patr bhejane ki suvidha se vanchit kar diya gaya. hikki ne in sab ke bavajood apana kam jari rakha. usane bhrasht aangrez adhikariyoan ke khilaph kathor aur niandatmak bhasha ka prayog karana shuroo kiya. 'bangal gajat' ne tatkalin gavaranar janaral varen hestiangs ko bhi nahian chho da. apane patr ke madhyam se hestiangs ko anek namoan se hikki ne pukarana shuroo kiya, jaise-Mr. Wronghead, The Dictator, The Great Moughal adi.

apane patr ke ek aank mean hikki ne hestiangs aur unaki patni tatha mukhy nyayadhish sar elij impi ke bare mean charitr hananakari batean likhian. is vajah se us par manahani ka mukadama chalaya gaya. dosh siddh hone par use bhari jurmane chukane p de tatha jel ki salakhoan ke pichhe bhi band rahana p da. in sabake bavajood bhi hikki ne apana kam jari rakha. is bich yooropiy logoan ki aguvarhi mean karib char sau hathiyaraband logoan ki bhi d ne hikki ke pres par dhava bol diya. hikki se jamanat maangi garhi, jise vah nahian de saka aur parinamasvaroop use jel bhej diya gaya. us par chale mukadame mean ek arop mean ek sal ki kaid aur do sau rupaye jurmane ki saja hurhi, vahian doosare arop mean mukhy nyayadhish ne varen hestiangs ko paanch hajar rupaye kshatipoorti ke roop mean chukane ka adesh parit kiya. is tarah bharat mean patrakarita par shasakiy aankush aur dabav usake janm ke sath hi shuroo ho gaya.

hikki ki patrakarita par varen hestiangs ne pahala prahar 14 navanbar, 1780 ko yah adesh jari karake kiya- am soochana di jati hai ki ek saptahik samachar patr jisaka nam bangal gajat ar kalakatta janaral edavarataijar hai, jo je. e. hikki dvara mudrit kiya jata hai, ke aankoan mean niji jiandagi ko kalankit karane vale anek anuchit aansh paye gaye haian, jo shaanti bhang karane vale haian, at: ise jiopi ke madhyam se prasarit hone ki aur adhik anumati nahian di ja sakati. yah bharat mean samachar patr aur shasan ke bich takarav ki pratham ghatana thi. is prakar ham dekhate haian ki bharat mean jis jems agastas hikki ko patrakarita ke pradurbhav ka shrey jata hai, usi ke khate mean vyavastha se takarane aur abhivyakti ki svatantrata ke lie prata dana ke roop mean kimat chukane ka samman bhi darj hai.

prakashan band

apane oopar lagae gaye jurmanoan aur mukadamoan se tang akar hikki aantat: poori tarah se toot gaya. march, 1782 mean is patr ka prakashan band ho gaya. 'hikij gajat ke 29 janavari, 1780 se 16 march, 1782 tak prakashit hone ki pushti hoti hai, yadyapi isake sabhi aank upalabdh nahian haian. rashtriy pustakalay kolakata ke durlabh granth sangrah mean keval 29 janavari, 1780 aur 5 janavari, 1782 ke aank upalabdh haian. 'bangal gajat' ka prakashan band hone ka karan sirph hikki ke oopar lagae ge arop hi nahian the, balki isake doosare bhi vajah the. 'bangal gajat ke sanrakshak philip phraansis ko bhi hikki ke muphalisi ke dinoan mean hi ianglaiand vapas laut jana p da. is vajah se hikki bilkul akela p d gaya aur usake patr ko sarakar ka kopabhajan banana p da. garvanar janaral hestiangs ne n keval patr ke prakashan ke lie upayog mean lae jane vale taips jabt kar lie balki hikki ke pres ko band bhi karava diya.

atharahavian shatabdi ke aantim dashakoan ke dauran bharat mean rah rahe kuchh yooropiyoan ke aandar tatkalin rhist iandiya kanpani ki nitiyoan ke virooddh gahan akrosh aur asantosh vyapt tha. kalakatta is vikshobh ka kendr bindoo bana. isaki pratikriya svaroop hi 'hikki gajat' ka prakashan hua aur use desh ka pahala samachar patr hone ka gaurav prapt hua. isase hi prerana lekar bharat mean any pramukh sthanoan jaise- madras (ab chennee), banbee (ab muanbee) aur dilli jaise jagahoan se bhi aangrezi ke sath-sath karhi any bharatiy bhashaoan mean bhi samachar patroan ka prakashan shuroo hua.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

• bharatiy patrakarita kosh, vijayadatt shridhar, khand-ek, vani prakashan, narhi dilli
• 'pres vidhi, da nandakishor trikha, vishvavidhalay prakashan, varanasi
• 'patrakarita evan janasanchar, hena nakavi, upakar prakashan, agara

sanbandhit lekh

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