सविनय अवज्ञा आन्दोलन

thumb|mahatma gaandhi savinay avajna andolan, british samrajyavad ke viruddh bharatiy rashtriy kaangres dvara chalaye ge jan andolan mean se ek tha. 1929 ee. tak bharat ko briten ke irade par shaq hone laga ki vah aupaniveshik svarajy pradan karane ki apani ghoshana par amal karega ki nahian. bharatiy rashtriy kaangres ne lahaur adhiveshan (1929 ee.) mean ghoshana kar di ki usaka lakshy bharat ke lie pooran svadhinata prapt karana hai. mahatma gaandhi ne apani is maang par zor dene ke lie 6 aprail, 1930 ee. ko savinay avijna andolan chhe da. jisaka uddeshy kuchh vishisht prakar ke gair-qanooni kary samoohik roop se karake british sarakar ko jhuka dena tha.

savinay avajna andolan ka karyakram

savinay avajna andolan ke aantargat chalaye jane vale karyakram nimnalikhit the-

• namak qanoon ka ullaghann kar svayan dvara namak banaya jae.
• sarakari sevaoan, shiksha kendroan evan upadhiyoan ka bahishkar kiya jae.
• mahilaean svayan sharab, afim evan videshi kap de ki dukanoan par jakar dharana dean.
• samast videshi vastuoan ka bahishkar karate hue unhean jala diya jae.

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• kar adayagi ko roka jae.

qanoon to dane ki niti

qanoonoan ko janaboojh kar to dane ki is niti ka karyanvayan aupacharik roop se us samay hua, jab mahatma gaandhi ne apane kuchh chune hue anuyayiyo ke sath sabaramati ashram se samudr tat par sthit daandi namak sthan tak kooch kiya aur vahaan par lagoo namak qanoon ko to da. libaraloan aur musalamanoan ke bahut varg ne is andolan mean bhag nahian liya. kintu desh ka samany jan is andolan mean kood p da. hazaroan nar-nari aur abal-vriddh qanoonoan ko to dane ke lie s dakoan par a ge. sampoorn desh gambhir roop se andolit ho utha.

gaandhiji ki chianta

mukhy lekh : mahatma gaandhi

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british sarakar ne andolan ko dabane ke lie sakht qadam uthaye aur gaandhiji sahit anek kaangresi netaoan v unake samarthakoan ko jel mean dal diya. andolanakariyoan aur sarakari sipahiyoan ke bich jagah-jagah zabardast sangharsh hue. sholapur jaise sthano par audyogik upadrav aur kanapur jaise nagaroan mean sampradayik dange bh dak uthe. hiansa ke is visfot se gaandhiji chintit ho uthe. ve andolan ko bilkul ahiansak dhang se chalana chahate the.

gaandhi-iravin samajhauta

sarakar ne bhi gaandhiji v any kaangresi netaoan ko riha kar diya aur vaisaray l aaurd iravin aur gaandhiji ke bich sidhi batachit ka ayojan karake samajhaute ki abhilasha prakat ki. gaandhiji aur l aaurd iravin mean samajhauta hua, jisake aantargat savinay avajna andolan vapas le liya gaya. hiansa ke doshi logoan ko chho dakar andolan mean bhag lene vale sabhi bandiyoan ko riha kar diya gaya aur kaangres golamej sammelan ke doosare adhiveshan mean bhag lene ko sahamat ho gee.

bharatiyoan ki nirasha

golamej sammelan ka yah adhiveshan bharatiyoan ke lie nirasha ke sath samapt hua. ianglaind se lautane ke bad tin haphtoan ke andar hi gaandhiji ko giraphtar karake jel mean thooans diya gaya aur kaangres par pratibandh laga diya gaya. is karyavahi se 1932 ee. mean savinay avajna andolan phir se bh dak utha. andolan mean bhag lene ke lie hazaroan log phir se nikal p de, kintu british sarakar ne savinay avajna andolan ke is doosare charan ko barbaratapoorvak kuchal diya. andolan to kuchal diya gaya, lekin usake pichhe chhipi vidroh ki bhavana jivit rahi, jo 1942 ee. mean tisari bar phir se bh dak uthi.

hiansak pradarshan

is bar gaandhiji ne british sarakar ke viruddh bharat chho do andolan chhe da. sarakar ne phir takat ka istemal kiya aur gaandhiji sahit kaangres karyasamiti ke sabhi sadasyoan ko qaid kar liya. isake virodh mean desh bhar mean to dapho d aur hiansak andolan bh dak utha. sarakar ne goliyaan barasaeean, saikan doan log mare ge aur karo doan rupayoan ki sampatti nasht ho gee. yah andolan phir se daba diya gaya, lekin is bar yah nishphal nahian hua. isane british sarakar ko yah dikha diya ki bharat ki janata ab usaki satta ko thukarane aur usaki avajna ke lie kamar kamar kas chuki hai aur us par kaboo pana ab mushkil hai.

azadi

san 1942 mean 'aangrezoan, bharat chho do' ka jo nara gaandhiji ne diya tha, usake thik paanch varshoan ke bad agast, 1947 ee. mean briten ko bharat chho dane ke lie mazaboor hona p da.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

• (pustak 'bharatiy itihas kosh') prishth sankhya-465
• (pustak 'yoonik samany adhyayan') bhag-1, prishth sankhya-271

sanbandhit lekh

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