अंग्रेज़ और आधुनिक बिहार
mugal samrajy ke patan ke phalasvaroop uttari bharat mean arajakata ka mahaul ho gaya tha. bangal ke navab alivardi khaan ne 1752 mean apane pote sirajuddaula ko apana uttaradhikari niyukht kiya tha. alivardi khaan ki mrityu ke bad 10 aprail, 1753 ko sirajuddaula bangal ka navab bana. plasi ke maidan mean 1757 ee. mean hue plasi ke yuddh mean sirajuddaula ki har aur aangrejoan ki jit huee. aangrejoan ki plasi ke yuddh mean jit ke bad mir zafar ko bangal ka navab banaya gaya aur usake putr miran ko bihar ka upanavab banaya gaya, lekin bihar ki vastavik satta bihar ke navab najim raja ramanarayan ke hath mean thi.[1]
gauhar ali ka akraman
tatkalin mugal shahajada ali gauhar ne is kshetr mean punah mugal satta sthapit karane ki cheshta ki, parantu kaiptan n aauks ne apani sena se gauhar ali ko mar bhagaya. isi samay mugal samrat alamagir dvitiy ki mrityu ho gee to 1760 ee. gauhar ali ne bihar par akraman kiya aur patana sthit aangreji phaiktri mean rajyabhishek kiya aur apana nam shahalam dvitiy rakha.
baksar ka yuddh
aangrejoan ne 1760 ee. mean mir kasim ko bangal ka gavarnar banaya. usane aangrejoan ke hastakshep se door rahane ke lie apani rajadhani murshidabad se hatakar muanger kar di. mir kasim ke svatantr acharanoan ko dekhakar aangrejoan ne use navab pad se hata diya. mir kasim muanger se patana chala aya. usake bad vah avadh ke navab sirajuddaula se sahayata maangane ke lie gaya. us samay mugal samrat shahalam bhi avadh mean tha. mir kasim ne avadh ke navab shujauddaula evan mugal samrat shahalam dvitiy se milakar aangrejoan ke khilaph l dane ke lie ek gut ka nirman kiya.
mir kasim, avadh ka navab shujauddaula evan mugal samrat shahalam dvitiy, in tinoan shasakoan ne chausa mean aangrejoan ke viruddh yuddh l da. is yuddh mean vah 22 aktoobar, 1764 ko sar hektar munaro ke netritv mean aangreji sena dvara parajit hua. ise baksar ka yuddh kaha jata hai. baksar ke nirnayak yuddh mean aangrejoan ko jit mili. yuddh ke bad shahalam aangrejoan ke samarthan mean a gaya. usane 1765 ee. mean bihar, bangal aur u disa kshetroan mean lagan vasooli ka adhikar aangrejoan ko de diya. ek sandhi ke tahat kampani ne bihar ka prashasan chalane ke lie ek nayab najim athava upaprantapati ke pad ka srijan kiya. kampani ki anumati ke bina yah nahian bhara ja sakata tha. aangreji kampani ki anushansa par hi nayab najim athava upaprantapati ki niyukhti hoti thi.
aangrez nirikshak ki niyukhti
bihar ke mahatvapoorn upaprantapatiyoan mean raja ramanarayan evan shitab ray pramukh haian. 1761 ee. mean rajavallabh ko bihar ka upaprantapati niyukht kiya gaya tha. 1766 ee. mean patana sthit aangreji kampani ke mukhy adhikari midalatan ko raja ramanarayan evan raja shitab ray ke sath ek prashasan mandal ka sadasy niyukht kiya gaya. 1767 ee. mean raja ramanarayan ko hatakar shitab ray ko kampani dvara nayab divan banaya gaya. usi varsh patana mean aangreji kampani ka mukhy adhikari t aaumas rambold ko niyukht kiya gaya. 1769 ee. mean prashasan vyavastha ko chalane ke lie aangrez nirikshak ki niyukhti huee.
dvaidh shasan pranali
1765 ee. mean baksar ke yuddh ke bad bihar aangrejoan ki divani ho gayi thi, lekin aangreji prashasanik jimmedari pratyaksh roop se nahian thi. kort aauph dayarektar se vichar-vimarsh karane ke bad l aaurd klaib ne 1765 ee. mean bangal evan bihar ke kshetroan mean dvaidh shasan pranali ko lagoo kar diya. dvaidh shasan pranali ke samay bihar ka prashasanik bhar mirja muhammad kajim khaan (mir japhar ka bhaee) ke hathoan mean tha. upasoobedar dhiraj narayan (jo raja ramanarayan ka bhaee) ki sahayata ke lie niyukht tha. sitambar 1765 ee. mean klaib ne ajim khaan ko hatakar dhiraj narayan ko bihar ka prashasak niyukht kiya. bihar prashasan ki dekharekh ke lie tin sadasyiy parishadh ki niyukhti 1766 ee. mean ki gee, jisamean dhiraj narayan, shitab ray aur midalatan the. dvaidh shasan l aaurd klaib dvara lagoo kiya gaya tha, jisase kampani ko divani prapti hone ke sath prashasanik vyavastha bhi majaboot ho sake. yah dvaidh shasan 1765-72 ee. tak raha.
san 1766 ee. mean hi klaib ke patana ane par shitab ray ne dhiraj narayan ke dvara chalit shasan mean dvitiy arop lagaya. phalatah klaib ne dhiraj narayan ko hatakar shitab ray ko bihar ka nayab najim ko niyukht kiya. bihar ke jamiandaroan se kampani ko lagan vasooli karane mean atyadhik kathin evan kathor kadam uthana p data tha. lagan vasooli mean kathor evan anyayapoorn dhang ka upayog kiya jata tha. yahaan tak ki sena ka bhi upayog kiya jata tha. jaisa ki betiya raj ke jamiandar mugal kishor ke sath huee thi. isi samay mean (hathava) hoosapuraraj ke jamiandar phateh shahi ne kampani ko divani pradan karane se iankar karane ke karan sena ka upayog kiya gaya. lagan se krishak varg aur am adami ki sthiti atyant dayaniy hoti chali gee. dvaidh shasanakal ya divani kal mean bihar ki janata kampani kar sangrah se karahane lagi. klaib 29 janavari, 1767 ko vapas chala gaya. varsalet uttaradhikari ke roop mean 26 faravari, 1767 se 4 disambar, 1767 tak banakar aya. usake bad karriyase 24 disambar, 1769 se 12 aprail, 1772 tak uttaradhikari bana. phir bhi bihar ki bhayavah dayaniy sthiti mean koee sudhar nahian hua. 1769-70 ee.mean bihar-bangal mean bhayanak akal p da.
lagan parishadh
1770 ee. mean bihar mean ek lagan parishadh ka gathan hua, jise revenyoo kauansil aauph patana ke nam se jana jata hai. laganh parishad ke adhyaksh jarj vansitart ko niyukht kiya gaya. isake bad is pad par thamas len (1773-75 ee.), philip milnar ishak sej tatha ivan la (1775-80 ee. tak) rahe. 1781 ee. mean lagan parishad ko samapt kar diya gaya tatha usake sthan par revenyoo aauph bihar pad ki sthapana kar di gee. is pad par sarvapratham viliyam maiksavel ko banaya. 28 agast, 1771 patr dvara kort aauph dayarektars ne dvaidh shasan ko samapt karane ki ghoshana ki.
nayab divan
13 aprail, 1772 ko viliyam varen hestiangs bangal ka gavarnar niyukht kiya gaya. 1772 ee. mean shitab ray par bhrashtachar ke arop lagaye gaye. usaki mrityu ke bad usake putr kalyan sianh ki bihar ke pad par niyukhti huee. bad mean kalakatta parishadh se sambandh big d jane se use hata diya gaya. usake bad 1779 ee. mean saran jila shesh bihar se alag kar diya gaya. charls grim ko jiladhikari bana diya gaya. 1781 ee. mean prantiy kar parishadh ko samapt kar revenyoo chiph ki niyukhti ki gee. is samay kalyan sianh ko rayaraiyan evan khishali ram ko nayab divan niyukht kar diya gaya.
aangrezoan ke viruddh vidroh
isi samay bharaval evan meansaudi ke reantar husain ali khaan jo banaras ke raja chaity sianh ke vidroh mean shamil tha, use giraphtar kar liya gaya. hathava ke raja phateh sianh, gaya ke jamiandar narayan sianh evan narahar ke raja akabar ali khaan aangrejoan ke khilaph ho gaye. 1781-82 ee. mean hi sultanabad ki rani maheshhvari ne vidroh ka bigul baja diya. 1783 ee. mean bihar mean punah akal p da, j aaun shor ko isake karanoan evan prakriti ki jaanch hetu niyukht kiya gaya. j aaun shor ne ek anhnagar ke nirman ki sipharish ki. 1781 ee. mean hi banaras ke raja chaity sianh ka vidroh hua. isi samay hathava ke raja phateh sianh, gaya ke jamiandar narayan sianh evan narahar ke jamiandar raja akabar ali khaan bhi aangrejoan ke khilaph kh de the. 1773 ee. mean rajamahal, khadhgapur evan bhagalapur ko ek sainy chhavani mean tabdil kar jaganhnath dev ke vidroh ko dabaya gaya. 1803 ee. mean roopanarayan dev ke tallukadaroan dharam sianh, ranjit sianh, mangal sianh ke khilaph kalektar ne dikri jari ki phalatah yah vidroh lagan n dene ke lie hua. 1771 ee. mean chair adivasiyoan dvara sthayi bandobast bhoomi kar vyavastha virodh mean vidroh kar diya. mir zafar dvara satta sudridhikaran ke lie 1757-58 ee. tak khianchatani hoti rahi.
ali gauhar ka abhiyan
march, 1759 mean mugal shahajada ali gauhar ne bihar par chadhaee kar di, parantu r aaubart klaib ne use vapasi ke lie badhy kar diya, phir punah 1760 ee. bihar par chadhaee ki. is bar bhi vah parajit ho gaya. 1761 ee. shahalam dvitiy ka aangrejoan ke sahayog se patana mean rajyabhishek kiya gaya. 1764 ee. mean baksar ka yuddh hua. yuddh ke bad bihar mean anekoan vidroh hue. is samay bihar ka navab mir kasim tha.
vibhinn vidroh
j aaun shor ke sipharish se anhnagar ka nirman patana golaghar ke roop mean 1784 ee. mean kiya gaya. jab bihar mean 1783 ee. mean akal p da, tab akal par ek kameti bani jisaki adhyakshata j aaun shor tha. usane anhnagar nirman ki sipharish ki. gavarnar janaral l aaurd karnavalis ke adesh par patana ke gaandhi maidan ke pashhchim mean vishal gumbadakar godam bana. isaka nirman 1784-85 ee. mean hua. 1784 ee. mean rohatas ko naya jila banaya gaya aur thamas l aau isaka majistret evan klevar niyukht kiya gaya. 1790 ee. tak aangrejoan ne phaujadari prashasan ko apane niyantran mean le liya tha. 1757 ee. se lekar 1857 ee. tak bihar mean aangrejoan ke viruddh vidroh chalata raha. bihar mean 1857 ee. se hi british virodhi sangharsh prarambh ho gaya tha. yahaan ke sthaniy jamiandaroan, kshetriy shasakoan, yuvakoan evan vibhinhn janajatiyoan tatha krishak varg ne aangrejoan ke khilaph anekoan bar sangharsh ya vidroh kiya. bihar ke sthaniy logoan dvara aangrejoan ke khilaph sangathit ya asangathit roop se vidroh chalata raha, jinake phalasvaroop anek vidroh hue.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ aangrez aur adhunik bihar (hiandi) web.bookstruck.in. abhigaman tithi: 07 joon, 2020.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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