प्रधानमंत्री के रूप में जवाहरलाल नेहरू
pradhanamantri ke roop mean javaharalal neharoo
| |
| poora nam | pandit javaharalal neharoo |
| any nam | chacha neharoo, pandit ji |
| janm | 14 navambar, 1889 |
| janm bhoomi | ilahabad, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 27 mee, 1964 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| mrityu karan | dil ka daura |
| abhibhavak | pan. motilal neharoo aur svaroop rani |
| pati/patni | kamala neharoo |
| santan | iandira gaandhi |
| smarak | shaantivan, dilli |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| parti | bharatiy rashtriy kaangres |
| pad | bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri |
| kary kal | 15 agast 1947-27 mee 1964 |
| shiksha | bairistar |
| vidyalay | ianglaind ke hairo skool, keanbrij ke triniti k aaulej |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| jel yatra | nau bar jel yatra ki |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn samman |
| sanbandhit lekh | jaliyaanvala bag, mahatma gaandhi, saradar patel, iandira gaandhi |
| rachanaean | vishv itihas ki jhalak, bharat ki khoj adi |
| any janakari | neharoo ji ka janm divas 14 navanbar poore desh mean bal divas ke roop mean manaya jata hai. |
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1929 mean jab lahaur adhiveshan mean gaandhi ne neharoo ko adhyaksh pad ke lie chuna tha, tab se 35 varshoan tak- 1964 mean pradhanamantri ke pad par rahate hue mrityu tak, 1962 mean chin se harane ke bavajood, neharoo apane deshavasiyoan ke adarsh bane rahe. rajaniti ke prati unaka dharmanirapeksh ravaiya gaandhi ke dharmik aur paranparik drishtikon se bhinn tha. gaandhi ke vicharoan ne unake jivanakal mean bharatiy rajaniti ko bhramak roop se ek dharmik svaroop de diya tha. gaandhi dharmik rudhivadi pratit hote the, kintu vastutah vah samajik udaravadi the, jo hindoo dharm ko dharmanirapeksh banane ki cheshtha kar rahe the. gaandhi aur neharoo ke bich asali virodh dharm ke prati unake ravaiye ke karan nahian, balki sabhyata ke prati ravaiye ke karan tha. jahaan neharu lagatar adhunik sandarbh mean bat karate the. vahian gaandhi prachin bharat ke gaurav par bal dete the.
desh ke itihas mean ek aisa mauqa bhi aya tha, jab mahatma gaandhi ko svatantr bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri pad ke lie saradar vallabhabhaee patel aur javaharalal neharoo mean se kisi ek ka chayan karana tha. lauh purush ke sakht aur bagi tevar ke samane neharoo ka vinamr rashtriy drishtikon bhari p da aur vah n sirf is pad par chune ge, balki unhean sabase lanbe samay tak vishv ke sabase vishal lokatantr ki bagador sanbhalane ka gaurav hasil bhi hua.
hindustan ek khoobasoorat aurat nahian hai. nange kisan hindustan haian. ve n to khoobasoorat haian, n dekhane mean achchhe haian- kyoanki garibi achchhi chiz nahian hai, vah buri chiz hai. isalie jab ap 'bharatamata' ki jay kahate haian- to yad rakhie ki bharat kya hai, aur bharat ke log nihayat buri halat mean haian- chahe ve kisan hoan, mazadoor hoan, khudara mal bechane vale dookanadar hoan, aur chahe hamare kuchh naujavan hoan. javahar lal neharoo
[[chitr:Jawahar-Lal-Nehru-Family.jpg|thumb|motilal neharoo (daean kh de) apane bete javaharalal neharoo, bahoo kamala (bich mean) aur parivar ke any sadasyoan ke sath|left]] bharatiy itihas ke pariprekshy mean neharu ka mahattv unake dvara adhunik jivan moolyoan aur bharatiy paristhatiyoan ke lie anukoolit vicharadharaoan ke ayat aur prasar ke karan hai. dharmanirapekshata aur bharat ki jatiy tatha dharmik vibhinnataoan ke bavajood desh ki maulik ekata par zor dene ke alava neharu bharat ko vaijnanik khojoan aur takaniki vikas ke adhunik yug mean le jane ke prati bhi sachet the. sath hi unhoanne apane deshavasiyoan mean nirdhanoan tatha achhootoan ke prati samajik chetana ki zaroorat ke prati jagarukata paida karane aur lokataantrik moolyoan ke prati samman paida karane ka bhi kary kiya. unhean apani ek upalabdhi par vishesh garv tha ki unhoanne prachin hindoo sivil kod mean sudhar karake aantatah uttaradhikar tatha sanpatti ke mamale mean vidhavaoan ko purushoan ke barabar adhikar pradan karavaya.
gutanirapeksh aandolan
aantarrashtriy star par neharoo ka sitara aktoobar 1956 tak bulandi par tha. 1956 mean soviyat sangh ke khilaf hangari ke vidroh ke dauran bharat ke ravaiye ke karan unake gutanirapeksh niti ki jamakar alochana huee. sanyukt rashtr mean bharat akela aisa gutanirapeksh desh tha, jisane hangari par akraman ke mamale mean soviyat sangh ke paksh mean mat diya. isake bad neharoo ko gutanirapeksh aandolan ke ahvan ki vishvaniyata sabit karane mean kafi mushkil huee. svatantrata ke aranbhik varshoan mean upaniveshavad ka virodh unaki videsh- niti ka mool adhar tha, lekin 1961 ke gutanirapeksh deshoan ke belagred sammelan tak neharoo ne pratiupaniveshavad ki jagah gutanirapekshata ko sarvochch prathamikata dena shuroo kar diya tha. 1962 mean lanbe samay se chale a rahe sima-vivad ke phalasvaroop chin ne brahmaputr nadi ghati par hamale ki chetavani di. neharoo ne apani gutanirapeksh niti ko tak par rakhate hue pashchimi deshoan se sahayata ki maang ki aur chin ko pichhe hatana p da. neharoo ji ne kaha tha:-
sanskriti ka matalab hai- man aur atma ki vishalata aur vyapakata. isaka matalab dimag ko tang rakhana, ya adami ya mulk ki bhavana ko simit karana kabhi nahian hota.
kashmir, jis par bharat aur pakistan, donoan dava kar rahe the, neharoo ke pradhanamantritv kal mean lagatar ek samasya bana raha. sangharsh viram rekha ko samayojit karake is vivad ko nipatane ki unaki praranbhik koshishean nakam rahian aur 1948 mean pakistan ne balapoorvak kashmir par qabza ka asaphal prayas kiya. bharat mean bache aantim upanivesh, purtagali gova ki samasya ko sulajhane mean neharoo adhik bhagyashali rahe. yadyapi disanbar 1961 mean bharatiy senaoan dvara is par qabza kie jane se kee pashchimi deshoan mean narazagi paida huee. lekin neharoo ki karravaee nyayasangat thi. neharoo ji ne kaha tha:
shiksha ka uddeshy manushy ke man ko mukt karana hai, n ki use baandhe hue chaukhatoan mean band karana hai.
aangrezoan aur fraansisiyoan ke vapas chale jane ke bad bharat mean purtagali upanivesh ki upasthiti ek kaladosh banakar rah gee thi. aangrez aur faansisi donoan shaantipoorvak vapas chale ge the. magar purtagali jane ke lie taiyar nahian the, to neharoo ko unhean vahaan se hatane ka tariqa dhooandhana hi tha. pahale samajhane-bujhane ki koshishean ki geean, phir agast 1955 mean unhoanne nihatthe bharatiyoan ke ek samooh ko purtagali kshetr mean jakar ahiansak pradarshan ki anumati di. purtagaliyoan ne pradarshanakariyoan par goli chalakar 30 logoan ko mar dala, lekin neharoo ne chhah varshoan tak koee qadam nahian uthaya aur is bich purtagal ke pashchimi mitroan se yah apil karate rahe ki ve purtagali sarakar se yah upanivesh vapas dila dean. aantat: jab bharat ne hamala kiya, to neharoo ka dava tha ki unhoanne aur bharat sarakar ne kabhi bhi niti ke roop mean ahiansa ke prati pratibaddhata nahian jataee thi.
mantrimandal ka punargathan
pandit neharoo pahale rashtradhyaksh the, jinhoanne 1963 ee. mean roos, ianglaind tatha amerika ke bich aanshik paramanavik parikshan-nishedh sandhi par hastakshar kiye jane ka svagat kiya. uparant lokasabha ke kuchh upachunavoan mean kaangresi ummidavaroan ki viphalata ke karan kaangres dal ne unhean sujhav diya ki ve apane mantrimandal ka punargathan karean, taki kaangres ke kuchh ganyamany neta dal ko punargathit karane mean apana poorn samay de sakean. pandit neharoo ne apane mantrimandal ke sadasyoan ki sankhya kam kar di aur shri morar ji desaee tatha shri patil sarikhe apane purane sahayogiyoan ka tyagapatatr svikar kar liya. sath hi unhoanne ek chhote tatha thos mantrimandal ka gathan kiya. janavari 1964 ee. mean jab ve bhuvaneshvar kaangres adhiveshan mean bhag le rahe the, tabhi ve ganbhir roop se asvasth ho gaye. yadyapi kuchh dinoan ke lie unake svasthy mean tho da sudhar avashy hua.
bharat-chin yuddh
hindi-chini bhaee-bhaee ka nara us samay bemani sabit ho gaya jab sima vivad ko lekar 10 aktoobar 1962 ko chini sena ne laddakh aur nefa mean bharatiy chaukiyoan par qabza kar liya. neharoo ne ise janaboojh kar ki gee karavaee bataya. navanbar mean ek bar phir chin ki or se hamale shuroo hue. halaanki chin ne ekatarafa yuddhaviram ki ghoshana kar di. tab tak 1300 se zyada bharatiy sainik mare ja chuke the. pandit neharoo ke kariyar ka yah sabase bura daur sabit hua. unaki sarakar ke khilaf sansad mean pahali bar avishvas prastav pesh kiya gaya.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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