शहद और मधुमक्खी
shahad aur madhumakkhi
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| vivaran | shahad athava 'madhu' ek prakritik madhur padarth hai jo madhumakkhiyoan dvara phooloan ke ras ko choosakar tatha usamean atirikt padarthoan ko milane ke bad chhatte ke koshoan mean ekatr karane ke phalasvaroop banata hai. |
| shahad ke ghatak | rasayanik vishleshan karane par shahad mean bahut se poshak tatv hote hai jaise- phraktoz 38.2%, glookoz: 31.3%, sukaroz: 1.3%, maltoz: 7.1%, jal: 17.2%, uchch sharkaraean: 1.5%, bhasm: 0.2%, any: 3.2%. vaijnanikoan ne yah siddh kar diya hai ki shahad paushtik tatvoan se yukt sharkara aur any tatvoan ka mishran hota hai. |
| aushadhiy gun | shahad ka prayog aushadhi roop mean bhi hota hai. jisase kee paushtik tatv milate haian jo ghav ko thik karane aur ootakoan ke badhane ke upachar mean madad karate haian. prachin kal se hi shahad ko ek jivanu-rodhi (eantibaiktiriyal) ke roop mean jana jata raha hai. shahad ka piech man 3 se 4.8 ke bich hone se jivanurodhi gun svatah hi paya jata hai. |
| any janakari | ayurved ke rrishiyoan ne bhi mana hai ki tulasi v madhumay panchamrit ka sevan karane se sankraman nahian hota aur isaka vidhivat dhang se sevan kar anek rogoan par vijay paee ja sakati hai. |
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madhumakkhiyaan prakritik halavaee haian. unake dvara banaee gee yah mithaee- ‘shahad’ bazar mean milane vali mithaiyoan ki tarah n to basi hota hai aur n pet kharab karake rogoan ko amantrit hi karata hai, varanh adhik samay tak rahane par adhik gunakari ho jata hai. parishram se ekatrit ki huee hajaroan vanaspatiyoan ka satv hamean ek sthan par ekatrit hue shahad ke roop mean mil jata hai. isamean jo svabhavik shaktivardhdak tatha rog nirodhak tatv milate haian, unhean aj botaloan mean band aushadhiyoan tatha t aaunikoan mean pana sanbhav hi nahian hota. aj ke vaijnanik yug mean bhi shahad ka banana manavi buddhi se pare haian, shahad banane ka gun prakriti ne keval madhumakkhiyoan ko hi pradan kiya hai. shahad ko shahad ki makkhiyaan (Honey Bee) banati hai. inaka jo ghar hota hai, us ko chhatta kahate hai, in chhattoan mean madhumakkhiyaan rahati hai. madhumakkhiyoan ke jivan ki 4 avasthayean aanda, larva, pyoopa, vayask makkhi hoti hai. ye madhumakkhiyaan nimn prakar ki hoti hai-
- shramik
- nar
- rani
rani madhumakkhi akar mean sabase b di hoti hai. ek chhatte mean ek hi ya zyada hoti hai. ye aande deti hai. jin andoan ko nar nishechit karate haian. yadi rani madhumakkhi ko pak d le to shahi sainik aur shramik makkhiyaan akraman kar deangi parantu chhatte mean rani madhumakkhi ko dhooandhana asan kam nahian hai.
ek madhumakkhi ko ek pauand shahad banane ka lie tin-char sau pauand pushparas ikattha karana p data hai. apane bhar ka adhe vajan ka pushparas lade unhean 4000 mil ki yatra karani p dati hai. madhu ya shahad ek mitha, chipachipahat vala ardh taral padarth hota hai jo madhumakkhiyoan dvara paudhoan ke pushpoan mean upasthit makarand ke koshoan se nikalane vale makarand jise nektar nam ka ras bhi kahate haian, se taiyar kiya jata hai aur ahar ke roop mean chhatte ki kothiyoan mean sangrah kiya jata hai. madhumakkhi ke pet mean ek thailinuma sanrachana hoti hai jo ek valv se ju di hoti hai. madhumakkhi apani jibh ki sahayata se phool ki nali mean vidyaman pushparas ki chhoti matra chusti hai aur is madhu sangrahi thaili mean ekatr karati rahati hai aur chhatte mean akar is ras ko valv ke dvara madhukoshoan mean ugal deti hai. aur makarand mean jo pani hota hai vo vashpikaran ke dvara u d jata hai aur baki padarth rasayanik kriya ke phalasvaroop shahad mean badal jata hai. madhumakkhi dinabhar jis pushparas ko ikattha karati jati hai use madhu ke roop mean badalane ke lie sakriy rahati hai. pi.ee. neris (prasiddh rasayanavid) ke anusar madhu matr pushparasoan ka sangrah hi nahian hai, varanh yah madhumakkhi ka shramatatv hi hai, jisako pakar pushparas madhuras ke roop mean parinit ho jata hai. ise gadha banane ke lie apane sir ko bhitar ki or usake dvaroan par dainoan se pankha kiya karati hai. is mehanat ke karan hi chhattoan ke asapas madhur-madhur guanjan sunaee p data hai, jo achchha bhi lagata hai.
shahad ikaththa karane ke lie madhumakkhiyoan ko bahut hi parishram karana p data hai. vaijnanikoan ka kahana hai ki madhumakkhiyaan apane chhatte ke sabhi khanoan ko mahinoan mean bhar pati haian. madhumakkhi ke phooloan par baithane se paragan jaisi mahattvapoorn kriya sampann ho jati hai aur madhumakkhiyoan ko badale mean mila mitha ras jo ki vo apane aur apane bachchoan ke lie surakshit rakhati hai ko hi manushy aur any jiv khate haian. vastav mean shahad madhumakkhiyoan ke bachchoan aur un ka bhavishy ka sanchit ahar hai. manushy v janavaroan bandar aur bhaloo adi ne shahad ko apane ahar mean shamil kar liya hai. yah shahad yadi sookshmadarshiy adhyayan se guzare to hame is ke aandar paragakan bhi dikhate haian. shahad ke lie yadi madhumakkhiyaan ganne ke ras par baithe to ras se bana shahad sardiyoan mean jam jata hai, us mean sugar ki matra zyada hogi.
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