अफ़ग़ानिस्तान

• afaganistan ya afagan islamik ganarajy janboodvip (eshiya) ka ek desh hai. yah dakshini madhy eshiya mean avasthit desh hai jo charoan or se zamin se ghira hua hai. prayah isaki ginati madhy eshiya ke deshoan mean hoti hai par desh mean lagatar chal rahe sangharshoan ne ise kabhi madhy poorv to kabhi dakshin eshiya se jo d diya hai. isake poorv mean pakistan, uttar poorv mean kashmir tatha chin, uttar mean tazikistan, kazakistan tatha turkamenistan tatha pashchim mean eeran hai.
• afaganistan ka nam afagan aur stan se milakar bana hai jisaka shabdik arth hai afaganoan ki bhoomi. stan is kshetr ke kee deshoan ke nam mean hai jaise- pakistan, turkamenistan, kazakhastan, hindustan ityadi jisaka arth hai bhoomi ya desh. afagan ka arth yahaan ke sabase adhik vasit nasl (pashtoon) ko kahate hai.
• afaganistan kee samratoan, akramanakariyoan tatha vijetaoan ki karmabhoomi raha hai . inamean sikandar,farasi shasak dara pratham, turk,mugal shasak babar, muhammad gauri, nadirashah ityadi ke nam pramukh haian.
• afaganistan aryoan ki puratan bhoomi hai. eesa ke 1800 sal pahale aryoan ka agaman is kshetr mean hua. eesa ke 700 sal pahale isake uttari kshetr me gaandhar mahajanapad tha jisake bare mean bharatiy srot mahabharat tatha any granthoan mean varnan milata hai. yah mahabharat kal mean gaandhar mahajanapad tha. kauravoan ki mata gandhari aur prasiddh mama shakuni gaandhar ke hi the.
• vedoan mean varnit somaras ka paudha jise som kahate haian afaganistan ki paha diyoan par hi paya jata hai.
• sikandar ke faras vijay abhiyan ke tahat afaganistan bhi yoonani samrajy ka aang ban gaya. isake bad yah shakoan ke shasan mean ae. hindi-yoonani,hindi-yooropiy, hindi-eerani shasakoan ke yahaan varchasv ko lekar yahaan jhag de bhi hue aur unhoanne yahaan shasan bhi kiya. bharatiy maury, shuang, kushan adi shasakoan ne yahaan shasan kiya.
• maury aur kushanoan ne yahaan buddhadharm ka prachar, prasar kiya. kamboj, pashto aur baiktriya ka shasan yahaan raha.
• shak skithiyoan ke bharatiy aang the. eesapoorv 230 mean maury shasan ke tahat afaganistan ka sanpoorn ilaqa a chuka tha par mauryoan ka shasan adhik dinoan tak nahian raha. isake bad parthiyan aur fir sasani shasakoan ne faras mean kendrit apane samrajyoan ka hissa ise bana liya.
• sasani vansh islam ke agaman se poorv ka akhiri eerani vansh tha. araboan ne khorasan par san 707 mean adhikar kar liya. samani vansh, jo farasi mool ke, par sunni the, ne 987 eesvi mean apana shasan gazanaviyoan ko kho diya jisake phalasvaroop lagabhag sanpoorn afaganistan gazanaviyoan ke hathoan a gaya.
• gor ke shasakoan ne gazani par 1183 mean adhikar kar liya. madhyakal mean kee afagan shasakoan ne dilli ki satta par adhikar kiya ya karane ka prayatn kiya jinamean lodi vansh ka nam pramukh hai. isake alava bhi kee muslim akramanakariyoan ne afaganashahoan ki madad se hindustan par akraman kiya tha jisamean babar,nadirashah tatha ahamadashah abdali shamil hai. afaganistan ke kuchh kshetr dilli saltanat ke aang the. british senaoan ne bhi kee bar afaganistan par akraman kiya. afaganistan ke pramukh nagar haian -

1. rajadhani kabul,
2. kaandhar.