Difference between revisions of "पटना"
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==स्थिति== | ==स्थिति== | ||
| − | प्राचीन पाटलिपुत्र शहर, बिहार राज्य की राजधानी, पूर्वोत्तर भारत। यह [[कोलकाता]] (भूतपूर्व कलकत्ता) से लगभग 470 किमी. पश्चिमोत्तर में स्थित है। पटना भारत के प्राचीनतम नगरों में से एक है। इसके प्राचीन संस्कृत नाम पाटलिपुत्र, कुसुमपुर और पुष्पपुर हैं। [[मुग़ल काल]] में यह | + | प्राचीन पाटलिपुत्र शहर, बिहार राज्य की राजधानी, पूर्वोत्तर भारत। यह [[कोलकाता]] (भूतपूर्व कलकत्ता) से लगभग 470 किमी. पश्चिमोत्तर में स्थित है। पटना भारत के प्राचीनतम नगरों में से एक है। इसके प्राचीन संस्कृत नाम पाटलिपुत्र, कुसुमपुर और पुष्पपुर हैं। [[मुग़ल काल]] में यह अज़ीमाबाद के नाम से विख्यात था। पटना नदी के तट पर स्थित शहर है, जो [[गंगा नदी]] के दक्षिण किनारे पर लगभग 19 किमी. तक फैला हुआ है। |
==इतिहास== | ==इतिहास== | ||
Revision as of 11:59, 16 June 2010
gaandhi setu, patana
Gandhi Setu, Patna|thumb|250px
patana bharat ke gauravayukt shaharoan mean se ek hai. adhunik patana duniya ke gine-chune un vishesh prachin nagaroan mean se ek hai jo ati prachin kal se aj tak abad hai. is shahar ko aitihasik imaratoan ke lie bhi jana jata hai. chooanki patana se vaishali, rajagir, nalanda, bodhagaya aur pavapuri ke lie marg jata hai, isalie yah shahar bauddh aur jain dharmavalanbiyoan ke lie 'getave' ke roop mean bhi jana jata hai. [1] patana ek or jahaan shaktishali rajavanshoan ke lie jana jata hai. vahian doosari or jnan aur adhhyathm ke karan bhi yah kaphi lokapriy raha hai. vartaman mean bihar rajy ki rajadhani patana ko kalakram mean pataliputr, kusumapur, pushpapur, pataligram, ajimabad adi namoan se pukara gaya tha. [2] phir yah nagar patana kahalane laga aur dhire-dhire bihar ka sabase b da nagar ban gaya.
sthapana
pataliputr ki sthapana 5vian shatabdi ee.poo. mean magadh (dakshin bihar) ke raja ajatashatru ne ki thi.
sthiti
prachin pataliputr shahar, bihar rajy ki rajadhani, poorvottar bharat. yah kolakata (bhootapoorv kalakatta) se lagabhag 470 kimi. pashchimottar mean sthit hai. patana bharat ke prachinatam nagaroan mean se ek hai. isake prachin sanskrit nam pataliputr, kusumapur aur pushpapur haian. mugal kal mean yah azimabad ke nam se vikhyat tha. patana nadi ke tat par sthit shahar hai, jo ganga nadi ke dakshin kinare par lagabhag 19 kimi. tak phaila hua hai.
itihas
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
patana ka prachin nam pataliputr tha. eesa poorv megasthanij (350 eepoo-290 eepoo) ne apane bharat bhraman ke pashchat likhi apani pustak iandika mean is nagar ka ullekh kiya hai. palibothra (pataliputr) jo ganga aur arennovas (sonabhadr-hiranyavah) ke sangam par basa tha. us pustak ke akalanoan se prachin patana (palibotha) 9 mil (14.5 ki.mi.) lamba tatha 1.75 mil(2.8) ki.mi. chau da tha. adhunik patana bihar rajy ki rajadhani hai aur ganga nadi ke dakshini kinare par sthit hai. jahaan par ganga, ghaghara, son aur gandak jaisi sahayak nadiyoan se milati hai. yahaan par ganga nadi ka svarup nadi jaisa n hokar sagar jaisa virat dikhata hai - anant aur athah!
ajatashatru ke putr uday ne ise magadh ki rajadhani ka darja diya, jo pahali shatabdi ee.poo. tak bana raha. doosare magadh vansh maury ne tisari aur doosari shatabdi ee.poo. ke aranbh tak shasan kiya, isake bad 185 ee.poo. mean bharat-yoonaniyoan ne is shahar par adhikar kar liya. tatpashchat shuang vansh ka aranbh hua, jisane lagabhag 73 ee.poo. tak yahaan shasan kiya. pataliputr adhyayan ka keandr bana raha aur chauthi shatabdi mean yah gupt shasakoan ki rajadhani bana. satavian shatabdi tak isaka patan ho gaya aur isaka parityag kar diya gaya. 1541 ee. mean afagan shasak sherashah ne patana ke roop mean isaki punarsthapana ki aur bad mean mugal samrajy ke aantargat yah phir se samriddh hua. 1765 mean is par aangrezoan ka adhikar ho gaya. isake asapas ke kshetroan mean vyapak paimane par puratatvik khudaee ka kam hua hai. sherashah ke pashchat mugal-kal mean patana hi sthayi roop se bihar praant ki rajadhani rahi. british kal mean 1892 mean patana ko bihar-u disa ke sanyukt soobe ki rajadhani banaya gaya.
patana mean yatri
patana kee prabuddh yatriyoan jaise phahyan, hven tsaang ke agaman ka bhi sakshi hai. kee itihasavid yah bhi manate haian ki mahanatam kootanitijn kautilhy ne yahian par arthashashtr ki rachana ki thi. purane nagar ke pashchim mean baankipur namak sthan hai aur sudoor dakshin-pashchim mean nee rajadhani hai, jahaan chau di evan chhayadar s dake aur ne bhavan haian.
guru tegabahadur ji
guru tegabahadur ji prayag, banaras, patana, asam adi kshetroan mean ge, jahaan unhoanne adhyatmik, samajik, arthik, unnayan ke lie rachanatmak kary kie. adhyatmikata, dharm ka jnan baanta. inhian yatraoan mean 1666 mean guruji ke yahaan patana sahab mean putr ka janm hua. jo dasavean guru- guru goviand sianh bane.
guru goviand sianh ji
guru goviand sianh ji ka janm 22 disanbar sanh 1666 ee॰ ko patana (bihar) mean hua tha.
k aaulej ka niraman
baboo rajendr prasad ne apani phalati-phoolati vakalat chho dakar patana ke nikat sanh 1921 mean ek neshanal k aaulej khola. hazaroan chhatr aur profesar jinhoanne sarakari sansthaoan ka bahishkar kiya tha yahaan a gaye. phir is k aaulej ko ganga kinare sadakat ashram mean le jaya gaya. agale 25 varshoan ke liye yah rajendr prasad ji ka ghar ban gaya.
yatayat aur parivahan
vayu marg
patana mean aantararashtriy havaee adda hai aur usaka nam 'lokanayak jayaprakash narayan' hai. yah nagar ke pashchimi bhag mean sthit hai. bharat ke pramukh shaharoan ke lie niyamit roop se patana mean phlaeetean upalabdh haian.
rel marg
'patana jankshan' patana mean relave mandal ka ek mahathvapoorn jankhshan hai. yahaan se anek rajyoan ke lie sidhi rel seva upalabhad haian. dilli, uttar pradesh, u disa, jharakhand, pashchim bangal, asam adi rajhyoan ke lie yahaan se sidhi rel haian.
s dak marg
bihar ki rajadhani hone ke karan patana bihar ke sabhi pramukh shaharoan se s dak marg dvara juh da hai. bihar ke sabhi zila mukhyalay tatha jharakhand ke kuchh shaharoan ke lie niyamit bas-seva yahaan se upalabdh hai. ganga nadi par bane mahatma gaandhi setu ke dvara patana hajipur se ju da hai.
udyog aur vyapar
patana mean khady prasanshkaran aur vanashpati banane ke karakhane haian.
shikshan sansthan
- yahaan sthit patana vishvavidyalay (1917) se sanbaddh kee mahavidyalay haian, jinamean patana medikal k aaulej, bihar k aaulej aauf ianjiniyariang, bihar k aaulej aauf farmesi, k aaulej aauf vetanari saians, gavarnameant k aaulej aauf art aiand krafts tatha iandiyan ianstityoot aauf bizanes mainejameant shamil haian.
- patana ke pramukh adhunik bhavanoan mean gavarnameant haus, aseanbali chaianbars, orieantal laibreri, ek medikal k aaulej aur ek ianjiniyariang
k aaulej shamil haian.
- madhy patana mean sthit ‘khudabaksh khaan pustakalay’ ek rashtriy mahatv ki lokapriy sarvajanik sanstha hai. isamean islami shiksha, madhy eshiyaee evan madhyakalin bharatiy itihas ki asankhy durlabh paandulipiyaan tatha rajapoot ev mugalakalin chitrakala ke utkrisht namoonoan ka sangrah hai.
janasankhya
patana zile ki kul janasankhya (2001 ki ganana ke anusar) kul 47,09,851 hai. nagar ki janasankhya 13,76,950 hai.
paryatan
patana aur asapas sthit any smarakoan mean sati mandir, seant josef roman kaithॅlik charch, protesteant charch, patthar ki masjid, bhavani puri ka math aur aitihasik tatha prashasanik mahattv ki kee any imaratean haian. patana ke aitihasik smarakoan mean bangal ke husain shah (1499) ki masjid. isake alava khudabakhsh orieantal pushtakalay (rajapoot aur mugalakalin peantianghs, quran, arabin aur parsiyan paandulipi), paththar ki masjid adi bhi dekhane layak jagah hai.
golaghar
kee paryatak patana ko golaghar ke karan janate haian. patana ke pashchimi kinare par gaandhi maidan ke samip golaghar sthit hai is ki ooanchaee lagabhag 96 phit hai. 1770 mean is kshetr mean ae bhayankar akal ke bad 137000 tan anaj bhandaran ke lie banaya gaya yah golakar eemarat apani khas akriti ke lie prasiddh hai. adhar par 3.6 mitar chau de dival ke shirsh par do taraph bani ghumavadar sidhiyoan se oopar chadhakar pas hi bahanevali ganga aur isake parivesh ka shanadar avalokan sanbhav hai. isake oopar se patana shahar aur ganga ke vihangam drishhy ko dekhane ka anootha anubhav liya ja sakata hai. ek samay tha jab golaghar patana ki sabase ooanchi imarat thi. patana paryatan ke pramukh akarshanoan mean se yah sarvopari hai.
haramandiraji
- patana sikh ke 10vean guroo guroo goviand sianh ji ke janhm shthan ke lie bhi vishhv prasiddh hai.
- yah shthan sikh dharmavalanbiyoan ke lie bahut pavitr hai. sikkhoan ke lie haramandir sahab paanch pramukh takhtoan mean se ek hai.
- isaki banavat guanbadanuma hai.
- yahaan guroo goviand sianh se sanbandhit anek pramanik vashtuean rakhi huee hai.
- balak govindaray ke bachapan ka pangura (palana), lohe ke char tir, talavar, paduka tatha 'hukumanama' gurudvare mean surakshit hai.
- guru nanak dev ki vani se atiprabhavit patana ke shri salisaray jauhari ne apane mahal ko dharmashala banava diya. bhavan ke is hisse ko milakar gurudvare ka nirman kiya gaya hai.
- yah shthan duniya bhar mean phaile sikkh dharmavalanbiyoan ke lie bahut pavitr hai.
- prakashothsav ke avasar par paryatakoan ki yahaan bhari bhi d um dati hai.
kumhharar
patana jankshan se 6 kilomitar poorv kankarabag rod par sthit hai. patana sthit kumhharar maury kalin rajavansh ke mahathvapoorn shthanoan mean se ek hai. 600 eesapoorv se 600 eesvi ke bich bane bhavanoan ki char staroan mean khudaee huee hai. magadh ke mahan shasakoan dvara shuru mean banavae ge lak di ke mahal ab maujood nahian hai lekin bad mean patthar se bane 80 stanbhoan ka mahal ke kuchh aansh dekhanelayak haian. yahaan ki khudaee ke uparaant maury kal ke 80 shtanbh yukht ek vishal h aaul ke hone ka sakshhy prapht hua hai. aitihasik paryatan ke drishtikon se yah shthan kafi mahathvapoorn hai.
agam kuaan
agam kuaan patana anevale paryatakoan ke bich kaphi lokapriy hai. maury vansh ke shasak samrat ashok ke kal ka yah kuaan gulaja़rabag steshan ke pas sthit hai. lokakatha hai ki shasak banane ke lie ashok ne apane 99 bhaeeyoan ko maravakar is kuane mean dal diya tha. rajadrohiyoan ko yatana dekar is kuane mean pheank diya jata tha. isaki sabase b di visheshata yah hai ki isaki gaharaee ko aj tak mapa nahian ja saka hai. bihar paryatan mean isako mahathvapoorn shthan diya gaya hai.
patana sangrahalay
patana sangrahalay 1917 mean bana bihar ka pahala sangrahalay hai. patana sangrahalay jadooghar ke nam se bhi janevale is sangrahalay mean prachin patana ke hindoo tatha bauddh dharm ki kee nishaniyaan haian. lagabhag 20 karo d varsh purane pe d ke tane ka ph aausil yahaan ka vishesh dharohar hai. 16 mitar lanba tane ka ph aausil, bhagavan buddh ki asthiyaan tatha didaraganj, patana siti se prapt yakshini ki moorti yahaan ki vishesh dharohar hai. patana ka sangrahalay aitihasik roop se kafi dhani hai. isamean maury aur gupht kal ki moortiyaan (paththar aur lohe ki bani huee) terakota, mahathma buddh,shak, kushan ka rakh adi sanrakshit hai.
sandarbh
- ↑ patana (hindi) yatra salaha. abhigaman tithi: 15 joon, 2010.
- ↑ patana: ab vo bat kahaan (hindi) bharatiy paksh. abhigaman tithi: 15 joon, 2010.