भारतीय जनता पार्टी

bharatiy janata parti (bhajapa) bharat ki doosare nanbar ki sabase b di parti hai. is parti ne apani shuruat hindoo ejeande ke sath ki thi. parti ka gathan purnagathit janasangh ke roop mean 6 aprail, 1980 ko sampann hua tha. isake pratham adhyaksh ke roop mean atal bihari vajapeyi ko chuna gaya tha. is dal mean adhikaansh sadasy bhootapoorv janasangh ke shamil hue, jisaka 1977 mean janata parti mean vilay ho gaya tha. isake sath hi kuchh gair janasanghi bhi isamean shamil hue. is dal ke gathan ke bad jo chunav huye, usamean is dal ko apekshakrit saphalata nahian mili aur 1984 ke lokasabha ke am chunav mean is dal ke do sadasy lokasabha ke lie nirvachit kiye gaye. 1989 mean chunav tatha 1991 ke lokasabha ke madhyavadhi chunav mean is dal ko paryapt saphalata mili. is samay lokasabha mean yah sarvapramukh vipakshi dal hai.

itihas

bharatiy janata parti ki sthapana 1980 mean ki gee thi. isase pahale 1977 se 1979 tak ise 'janata parti' ke sath ke 'bharatiy jan sangh' aur usase pahale 1951 se 1977 tak 'bharatiy jan sangh' ke nam se jana jata tha. bharatiy janata parti ke itihas ko tin alag-alag hissoan mean baanta ja sakata hai-

1. bharatiy jan sangh
2. janata parti
3. bharatiy janata parti

bharatiy jan sangh

'bharatiy jan sangh' ki sthapana shyama prasad mukharji ne 1951 mean ki thi. parti ko pahale am chunav mean koee khas saphalata nahian mili, lekin ise apani pahachan sthapit karane mean kamayabi zarur prapt ho gee thi. bharatiy jan sangh ne shuru se hi kashmir ki ekata, gau-raksha, zamiandari pratha aur paramit-laiseans-kota raj adi samapt karane jaise muddoan par vishesh roop se zor diya tha. kaangres ka virodh karate hue jan sangh ne rajyoan mean apana sangathan phailane aur use mazabooti pradan karane ka kam prarambh kiya, lekin chunavoan mean parti ko asha ke anuroop kamayabi prapt nahian huee.

kaangres ka virodh karane ke lie jan sangh ne jayaprakash narayan ka samarthan bhi kiya. jayaprakash narayan ne shrimati iandira gaandhi ke khilaf nara diya ki "sianhasan hatao ki janata ati hai." 1975 mean iandira gaandhi ne apatakal ki ghoshana ki. is dauran doosari vipakshi partiyoan ki tarah jan sangh ke bhi hazaroan karyakartaoan aur netaoan ko jel mean dala gaya.

janata parti

1977 mean apatakal ki samapti ke bad hue chunavoan mean kaangres ko har ka samana karana p da. tab moraraji desaee pradhanamantri bane aur bharatiy jan sangh ke atal bihari vajapeyi ko videsh mantri aur lalkrishna adavani ko soochana aur prasaran mantri banaya gaya. lekin ye sarakar adhik dinoan tak tik nahian saki, kyoanki apasi gutabazi aur l daee ki vajah se sarakar tis mah mean hi gir gee.

bharatiy janata parti

1980 ke chunavoan mean vibhajit janata parti ki har huee. bharatiy jan sangh, janata parti se prithak ho gaya aur ab usane apana naya nam 'bharatiy janata parti' rakh liya. is samay parti sansat ke daur se gujar rahi thi. atal bihari vajapeyi ko parti ka adhyaksh banaya gaya. disanbar, 1980 mean muanbee mean bharatiy janata parti ka pahala adhiveshan hua. bhajapa ne kaangres ke sath apane virodh ko jari rakha aur panjab aur shrilanka ko lekar tatkalin iandira gaandhi ki sarakar ki alochana ki.

1984 ki chunavi har

1984 mean iandira gaandhi ki hatya ke bad hue am chunavoan mean unake putr rajiv gaandhi ko tin-chauthaee bahumat prapt hua. chunav mean bhajapa ko sirf do sitean hi prapt hueean. ye bijepi ke lie ek bahut b da jhataka tha. parti ne is jhatake se ubarane ke prayas shuru kar die. usane 1984 mean hue am chunavoan ke natijoan ka vishleshan kiya. chunav sudharoan ki vaqalat ki gee. bangaladesh se ane vale ghusapaithiyoan ki samasya ko uthaya gaya. bhajapa ne bofors top saude ko lekar tatkalin pradhanamantri rajiv gaandhi ko ghera. 1989 ke chunavoan mean bhajapa ne vishvanath pratap sianh ke netritv vale janata dal se sitoan ka talamel kiya. in chunavoan mean bhajapa ne lokasabha mean apane sadasyoan ki sankhya 1984 mean do se badhakar 89 tak kar di. vishvanath pratap sianh ki sarakar ko bhajapa ne bahar se bina shart samarthan dene ka ailan kiya. bad mean parti ke netaoan ne apane is faisale ko galat thaharaya.

1991 ki chunavi vijay

vishvanath pratap sianh ne pichh di jatiyoan aur janajatiyoan ko sarakari naukariyoan mean arakshan dene ke lie mandal ayog ki sifarishean lagoo kian. bhajapa ko aisa lagane laga ki ve apana vot baiank kh da karana chahate haian. isilie ab bhajapa ne hiandutv ke mudde ko dobara uthaya. parti ne ayodhya mean 'babari masjid' ki jagah ram mandir banane ki bat kahi. is prakar hiandoo vot baiank ko ikaththa rakhane ki koshish ki gee, jisake mandal riport ane ke bad bant jane ka khatara paida ho gaya tha. adhyaksh lalkrishna adavani ne somanath se ayodhya tak rath yatra bhi ki. unaki giraftari ke bad bhajapa ne sarakar se samarthan vapas le liya. isake bad 1991 mean hue chunavoan mean prachar ke dauran hi rajiv gaandhi ki hatya kar di gee. bhajapa ko in chunavoan mean 119 sitoan par vijay mili. isaka b da shrey ayodhya mudde ko jata tha. kaangres ko spasht bahumat nahian mila, lekin pi. vi. narasianharav alpamat ki sarakar chalate rahe. bhajapa ne sarakar ka virodh kiya. sheyar ghotale aur arthik udarikaran ko lekar usane sarakar ko gherana lagatar jari rakha.

jit-har ka silasila

1996 ke chunavoan mean bharatiy janata parti sabase b di parti ke rup mean ubhari. rashtrapati d aauktar shankaradayal sharma ne atal bihari vajapeyi ko sarakar banane ke lie amantrit kiya. lekin lokasabha mean bahumat sabit n kar pane ki vajah se unaki sarakar sirf 13 din mean gir gee. bad mean kaangres ke bahari samarthan se banian ech.di. devagau da aur iandr kumar gujaral ki sarakarean bhi karyakal poora karane mean asamarth rahian. 1998 mean ek bar phir am chunav hue. in chunavoan mean bhajapa ne kshetriy partiyoan se gathabandhan aur sitoan ka talemal kiya. khud parti ko 181 sitoan par jit hasil huee. atal bihari vajapeyi ek bar phir pradhanamantri bane, lekin gathabandhan ki ek pramukh sahayogi jayalalita ki eaeeediemake ke samarthan vapas lene se vajapeyi sarakar gir gee. 1999 mean ek bar phir am chunav hue. in chunavoan ko bhajapa ne 23 sahayogi partiyoan ke sath sajha ghoshana-patr par l da aur gathabandhan ko "rashtriy janataantrik gathabandhan" (enadie) ka nam diya. enadie ko poorn bahumat prapt hua. atal bihari vajapeyi phir pradhanamantri banaye gaye. ve sahi mayanoan mean pahale gair-kaangresi pradhanamantri the.

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