राग

rag bharatiy shastriy sangit ki atma haian. yah sangit ka mooladhar hai. 'rag' shabd ka ullekh bharatamuni ke 'natyashastr' mean bhi milata hai. 'rag' mean kam se kam paanch aur adhik se adhik sat svaroan hote haian. rag vah sundar rachana hai, jo kanoan ko achchhi lage.

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srijan

ragoan ka srijan baees shrutiyoan ke vibhinn prakar se prayog, vibhinn ras ya bhavoan ko darshane ke lie kiya jata hai. prachin samay mean ragoan ko puroosh v stri ragoan mean arthat rag v raginiyoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya tha. sirf yahi nahian, kee ragoan ko putr rag ka bhi darja prapt tha. udaharanat: rag bhairav ko puroosh rag aur bhairavi, bilavali sahit kee any ragoan ko usaki raginiyaan tatha rag lalit, bilaval adi ragoan ko inake putr ragoan ka sthan diya gaya tha. bad mean age chalakar pandit vishnunarayan bhatakhande ne sabhi ragoan ko das thatoan mean b aauant diya. arthat ek that se kee ragoan ki utpatti ho sakati thi. agar that ko ek pe d mana jae v usase upaji ragoan ko usaki shakhaoan ke roop mean dekha jae to yah galat nahian hoga. udaharanat: rag shankara, rag durga, rag alhaiya bilaval adi rag that bilaval se utpann hote haian. that bilaval mean sabhi svar shuddh mane ge haian. at: takaniki drishti se is that se upaje sabhi ragoan mean sare svar shuddh prayog kie jane chahie. kiantu das thatoan ke is siddhaant ke bare mean kee mataantar haian, kyoanki kuchh rag kisi bhi that se mel nahian khate, kiantu unhean niyamaraksha hetu kisi n kisi that ke aantargat sammilit kiya jata hai.

• 'abhinav ragamanjari' mean rag ki paribhasha is prakar di gee hai-

yoayan dhvani-visheshastu svar-varn-vibhooshit:.
ranjako janachittanaan s rag kathito budhai:..

arthath

svar aur varn se vibhooshit dhvani, jo manushyoan ka manoranjan kare, rag kahalata hai.

svaroop

rag ke svaroop ko aroh v avaroh gakar pradarshit kiya jata hai jisamean rag vishesh mean prayukt hone vale svaroan ko kram mean gaya jata hai. udaharan ke lie rag bhoopali ka aroh kuchh is tarah hai: sa re g p dh saan.

pahachan

har rag mean ek vishesh svar samooh ke bar bar prayog se us rag ki pahachan darshayi jati hai. jaise rag hamir mean 'g m dh' ka bar bar prayog kiya jata hai aur ye svar samooh rag hamir ki pahachan haian.

prakar

mugal़kalin shasan ke dauran hi shayad ragoan ke gane bajane ka nirdharit samay kabhi prachalan mean aya. jinhean unaki prakriti ke adhar par vibhajit kiya gaya. jinaka varnan nimn prakar se diya ja sakata hai:-

• jin ragoan ko dopahar ke barah baje se madhyaratri tak gaya bajaya jata tha unhean poorv rag kaha gaya.
• madhyaratri se dopahar ke bich gae bajae jane vale ragoan ko uttar rag kaha gaya.
• kuchh rag jinhean bhor ya sandhyakalin samay mean gaya jata tha unhean sandhiprakash rag kaha gaya. *yahi nahian kuchh rag rritupradhan bhi mane ge. jaise rag meghamalhar varsha rritu mean gaya jane vala rag hai. isi tarah rag basant ko vasant rritu mean gae jane ki pratha hai.

lakshan

prachin kal mean rag ke das lakshan mane jate the, jinake nam haian– grah, aansh, nyas, apanyas, shadavatv, odavatv, alpatv, bahutv, mand aur tar. inamean se kuchh lakshan aj bhi parivartit roop mean prayog kiye jate haian. adhunik samay mean rag ke nimnalikhit lakshan mane jate haian–

1. oopar yah bataya gaya hai ki vah rachana jo kanoan ko achchhi lage, rag kahalati hai. isalie yah spasht hai ki rag ka pratham lakshan ya visheshata hai ki pratyek rag mean ranjakata avashy hona chahie.
2. rag mean kam se kam paanch aur adhik se adhik sat svar hone chahie. paanch svaroan se kam ka rag nahian hota hai.
3. pratyek rag ko kisi n kisi that se utpann mana gaya hai. jaise rag bhoopali ko kalyan that se aur rag bageshvari ko kafi that se utpann mana gaya hai.
4. kisi bhi rag mean shadaj arthath sa kabhi varjit nahian hota, kyoanki yah saptak ka adhar svar hota hai.
5. pratyek rag mean m aur p mean se kam se kam ek svar avashy rahana chahie. donoan svar ek sath varjit nahian hote. agar kisi rag mean p ke sath shuddh m bhi varjit hai, to usamean tivr m avashy rahata hai. bhoopali rag mean m varjit hai to malakosh mean p, kintu koee rag aisa nahian hai jisamean m aur p donoan ek sath varjy hote hoan.
6. pratyek rag mean aroh-avaroh, vadi-samvadi, pak d, samay adi avashyak haian.
7. rag mean kisi svar ke donoan roop ek sath ek doosare ke bad prayog nahian kiye jane chahie. udaharanarth komal re aur shuddh re athava komal g aur shuddh g donoan kisi rag mean ek sath nahian ane chahie. yah avashy hi sambhav hai ki aroh mean shuddh prayog kiya jae aur avaroh mean komal, jaise khamaj rag ke aroh mean shuddhi ni aur avaroh mean komal ni prayog kiya jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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