वैदिककालीन सामाजिक जीवन

rrigvaidik samaj ki sabase chhoti ikaee parivar ya kul hoti thi. rrigved mean 'kul' shabd ka ullekh nahian hai. parivar ke lie 'grih' shabd ka prayukt hua hai. kee parivar milakar gram ya gotr tatha kee gram milakar vish ka nirman evan kee vish milakar jan ka nirman karate the. rrigved mean jan shabd lagabhag 275 tatha vish shabd 170 bar prayukt hua hai.

rrigvaidik samaj pitrisattatmak samaj tha. pita hi parivar ka mukhiya hota tha. rrigved ke kuchh ullekhoan se pita ke asimit adhikaroan ki pushti hoti hai. rrijashv ke ullekh se pata chalata hai ki usake pita ne ek mada bhe d ke lie sau bhe doan ka vadh kar dene ke karan use andha bana diya tha. varoonasookt ke shunah shesh ke akhyan se jnat hota hai ki pita apani santan ko bech sakata tha. kintu uddharanoan se yah tatpary kadapi nahian nikala jana chahie ki pita-putr ke sanbandh katutapoorn the. ise apavadasvaroop hi samajha jana chahie. putr prapti hetu devataoan se kamana ki jati thi aur parivar sanyukt hota tha.

varn vyavastha

rrigvaidik kal mean varn vyavastha ke chihn dikhaee p date haian. aryo ko gaur varn tatha dasoan ka krishna varn kaha jata tha. varnavyavastha ka adhar karm ko ho gaya tha. rrigved mean ek chhatr likhata hai ki "mai kavi hooan mere pita chikitsak haian aur meri mata ata pisati hai". arthath ek raja karm se purohit ho sakata tha. aur purohit raja maharshi vishvamitr kshatriy hote hue bhi karm se brahman the. rrigved ke dashamh mandal ka ekamatr purushasookt hi chatuvarno ka ullekh karata hai. isame kaha gaya ki brahman param-purush ke mukh se, kshatriy usaki bhujaoan se, vaishy usaki jaanghoan se evan shoodr usake pairoan se utpann hua hai. rrigved ke shesh bhag mean kahi bhi vaishy aur shoodr ka varnan nahian hai. rrigved ke shesh bhag mean kahi bhi vaishy aur shoodr ka varnan nahian hai. rrigved mean anaryo (arya ke bharat mean abhyuday se pahale bharat mean nivas karane vale log), ko 'avrat' (vratoan ka palan n karane vala) mridhravach (aspashtavani bolane vale) evan 'anas' (chapati nak vale) kaha gaya hai. aitarey brahman mean panchajanoan mean dev, manushy, gandharv, apsara, sarp evan pitaroan ki ganana ki gayi hai. 'nirukt' panchajanoan mean brahman, kshatriy, vaishy, shoodr evan nishad ki ganana ki gayi hai.

striyoan ki sthiti

'shatapath brahman' mean patni ko pati ki arddhaangini bataya gaya hai. rrigved mean "jayadastam" arthat patni hi grih hai kahakar usake mahatv ko svikara gaya hai. striyoan ko janasabha, vidth mean apani bat kahane ki chhoot thi. rrigvaidik kal mean striyoan ki sthiti sammaniy thi. ve apane pati ke sath yajn karyo mean sammilit hoti evan dan diya karati thian. parda pratha ka prachalan nahian tha. striyaan bhi shiksha grahan kiya karati thian, rrigved me lopamudra,ghosha, sikata, apala, evan vishvas jesi vidushi striyoan ka zikr milata hai. in vidushi kanyaoan ko 'rrishi' upadhi se vibhooshi kiya gaya. is samay l dakiyoan ka bhi upanayan sanskar kiya jata tha. shiksha gurukul paddhati par nirbhar thi, jahaan samanyatah maukhik shiksha ka prachalan tha. pita ki akeli santan hone athava vivah n karane ki sthiti mean pita ke ghar me rahane par kanya pita ki sampatti mean hissedar hoti thi.

bal evan bahu vivah

samanyatah bal vivah evan bahu vivah ka prachalan nahian tha. vivah ki ayu lagabhag 16-17 varsh hoti thi. vidhava vivah, antarjatiy evan punarvivah ki sanbhavana ka ullekh rrigved mean milata hai. sadharanataya samaj mean ek patni pratha ka hi prachalan tha, par sampann log ek se adhik vivah karate the. dahej pratha ka prachalan tha. kanya ki vidaee ke samay upahar evan dravy diye jate the, jise vastu kahate the. sati pratha evan parda pratha ka vivaran nahian milata. samaj mean niyog pratha, jisake antargat putravihin vidhava putr prapti hetu apane devar se yaun sanbandh sthapit kar sakati thi, evan bahupatitv pratha ka prachalan bhi tha. udaharan hetu marutoan ne rodasi ko milakar bhoga, soorya (soory ki putri) apane do bhaee ashvin ke sath rahati thi. jivanabhar avivahit rahane vali l dakiyoan ko 'amajoo' kaha jata tha. samaj mean striyoan ki dasha achchhi hote hue bhi do drishtiyoan se rrigvaidik samaj unhe ayogy samajhata tha-

1. unhean rajaniti mean bhag lene ka adhikar nahian tha.
2. unhe sampati sambandhi adhikar prapt nahian the.

mukhy bhojan

rrigvaidikakalin logoan ka mukhy bhojan padarth chaval aur jau tha. isake atirikt phal, doodh, dahi, ghi evan maans bhojy padarth the. ann mean yav, dhany, u dad evan mooang ka prayog karate the. pey padarth mean somaras ka pan karate the. rrigved ke navean mandal mean som ki stuti mean kee sookt milate haian. ek sthan par kanv rrishi dava karate haian ki som ras pine ke bad unhoanne amaratv prapt kar liya aur devataoan ko jan liya. maans mean bhe d, bakari, evan bail ka maans khate the. gay ko 'aghanya' - (n marane yogy) mana jata tha. phir bhi kahi-kahi par vadh ke praman milate haian. ary log namak evan machhali kap prayog nahian karate the. shatapath brahman mean atithi ke samman mean vishal vrishabh athava bakari ke mare jane ka vidhan milata hai.

vastr

rrigvaidik kal ke log 'kshem' (alasi ka soot) oon aur mrig ke cham de se nirmit vastr dharan karate the. ary mukhyatah tin prakar ke vastr dharan karate the-vasash (sharir par dharan kiya jane vala mukhy vastr), adhivas evan ushniy (pag di). rrigved mean 'samooly' ooni kap de ko evan 'peshas' kadhe hue kap de ko kaha gaya hai. rrigvaidik kal mean mukhy abhooshan mean nishk, kurir evan karnashobhan ka ullekh milata hai. abhooshan stri aur purush donoan dharan karate the.

manoranjan

manoranjan ke sadhanoan mean mukhy sadhan sangit tha. isake bad rath dau d, ghu dadau d, dyootakri da evan akhet ko mahatv diya jata tha. sambhavatah jue ka bhi prachalan tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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