सूर्य (तारा)
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- soory ya sooraj saur mandal me sabase b da pind hai. soory sauramandal ke kendr mean sthit ek tara jisake charoan taraph prithvi aur sauramandal ke any avayav ghoomate haian. soory ka drvyaman 1.989e30 kilo hai. saur mandal ke dravyaman ka kul 99.8% dravyaman soory ka hai. baki bache me adhikatar mean brihaspati ka dravyaman hai. soory ka vyas 13 lakh 92 hazar kilomitar hai, jo prithvi ke vyas ka lagabhag 110 guna hai. soory prithvi se 13 lakh guna b da hai aur prithvi ko sooryatap ka 2 arabavaan bhag milata hai. soory se prithvi ki ausat doori lagabhag 14,96,00,000 kilomitar ya 9,29,60,000 mil hai tatha soory ke prakash ko prithvi tak pahuanchane mean 8 minat 16.6 sekend ka samay lagata hai. isi prakashiy oorja se prakash-sanshleshan namak ek mahatvapoorn jaiv-rasayanik abhikriya hoti hai jo prithvi par jivan ka adhar hai. yah prithvi ke jalavayu aur mausam ko prabhavit karata hai.
- hamara soory akashaganga ke 100 arab se adhik taro me se ek samany mukhy kram ka G2 shreni ka sadharan tara hai. yah aksar kaha jata hai ki soory ek sadharan tara hai. yah is tarah se sach hai ki soory ke jaise lakhoan tare hai. lekin soory se b de taro ki tulana me chhote tare jyada hai. soory dravyaman se shirsh 10% taro me hai . hamari akashaganga mean sitaroan ka ausat dravyaman soory ke dravyaman ke adhe se bhi kam hai.
- soory pauranik kathaoan mean ek mukhy devata raha hai, vedo me kee mantr soory ke liye hai, yoonaniyoan ne ise heliyos kaha hai aur romano ne sol.
- soory sauramandal ka pradhan hai. yah hamari mandakini dugdhamekhala ke kendr se lagabhag 30,000 prakashavarsh ki doori par ek kone mean sthit hai. dugdhamekhala mandakini ke kendr ke charoan or 250 kimi./se. ki gati se parikrama kar raha hai. isaka parikraman kal (dugdhamekhala ke kendr ke charoan or ek bar ghoomane mean laga samay) 25 karo d varsh hai. jise brahmand varsh (Cosmos Year) kahate haian.
- soory apane aksh par poorv se pashchim ki or ghoomata hai. soory ki bahari parate bhinn bhinn ghurnan gati darshati hai, bhoomadhy rekha ( madhy bhag ) par satah har 25.4 dinoan me ek bar ghoomati hai, dhruvo ke pas yah 36 din hai. yah ajib vyavahar is tathy ke karan hai ki soory prithvi ke jaise thos nahian hai. isi tarah ka prabhav gais grahoan mean dekha jata hai. soory ka kendr ek thos pind ke jaise ghurnan karata hai.
- soory ek gaisiy gola hai, soory ki satah ka nirman haidrojan, hiliyam, loha, nikel, aauksijan, silikan, salphar, maignisiyam, karban, niyon, kailsiyam, kromiyam tatvoan se hua hai. vartaman mean soory ke dravyaman ka 71% haidrojan 26.5% hiliyam aur 2.5% any dhatu/tatv hai. yah anupat dhime dhime badalata hai kyoanki soory hayadrojan ko jalakar hiliyam banata hai. haians beth (Hans Bethe) ne bataya ki 107 ºC tap par soory ke kendr par charoan haidrojan nabhik milakar ek hiliyam nabhik ka nirman karata hai. arthath soory ke kendr par nabhikiy sanlayan hota hai jo soory ki oorja ka srot hai.
- soory ka kendriy bhag krod (Core) (kul aantah trijya ka 25%) kahalata hai, apane charam tapaman par hai; yahaan tapaman 15600000 digri kelvin (1.5×107 ºC) hai aur dabav 250 biliyan vayumandaliy dabav hai. soory ke keandr par ghanatv pani ke ghanatv se 150 guna se adhik hai.
- soory ki shakti (386 arab d aaular megavat/sekand) nabhikiy sanlayan dvara nirmit hai. har sekand 700,000,000 tan ki haidrojan 695000000 tan me parivartit ho jati hai shesh 5,000,000 tan gama kirano ke roop me urja me parivartit ho jati hai. yah urja jaise jaise keandr se satah ki tarah badhati hai vibhinn parato dvara avashoshit ho kar kam tapaman par utsarjit hoti hai. satah par yah mukhy roop me prakash kirano ke roop me utsarjit hoti hai. is tarah se keandr mean nirmit kul urja ka 20% bhag hi utsarjit hota hai.
- soory ki satah, jo diptiman rahata haian, jise prakash mandal (Photo sphere) kaha jata hai ka tapaman 5800 digri kelvin (6000 ºC) hai. prakash mandal ke kinare prakashaman nahian hote, kyoanki soory ka vayumandal prakash ka avashoshan kar leta hai. ise varn mandal (Chromosphere) kahate haian. yah kale rang ka hota hai. yah photosphiyar se upar ka kshetr hai. kromosphiyar ke upar ka kshetr jise soory–kirit (corona) kahate hai aantariksh me lakhoan kimi tak phaila hua hai. is kshetr ka tapaman 1,000,000 digri kelvin tak hota hai. yah kshetr keval soory grahan ke samay dikhayi deta hai. soory–kirit eks–re utsarjit karata hai. ise soory ka mukut kaha jata hai. poorn soory–grahan ke samay soory kirit se prakash ki prapti hoti hai. saur jvala ko uttari dhruv par aurora boriyalis aur dakshini dhruv par aurora austrelis kahate haian.
- soory, garmi aur prakash ke alava ilektran aur prot aaun ki ek dhara jise saur vayoo kahate hai ka bhi utsarjan karata hai jo 450 kimi/sekand ki raphtar se bahati hai. saur vayu aur saur jvala ke dvara adhik urja ke kano ka prvah hota hai jisase prithvi par bijali ki laeeno ke alava sanchar upagrah aur sanchar madhyamo par prabhav padata hai. isi se dhruviy kshetro me suandar arora banate hai.
- soory par kuchh soory dhabbo (chalate hue gesoan ke khol) ke kshetr hote hai jinaka tapaman any kshetro se kuchh kam lagabhag 3800 digri kelvin (1500 ºC) hota hai. soory dhabbe kaphi b de ho sakate hai, inaka vyas 50000 kimi ho sakata hai. soory dhabbe soory ke chuanbakiy kshetro me parivartan se banate hai. soory ke dhabboan ka ek poora chakr 22 varshoan ka hota hai. pahale 11 varshoan tak yah dhabba badhata hai aur bad ke 11 varshoan tak yah dhabba ghatata hai. jab soory ki satah par dhabba dikhalaee deta hai, us samay prithvi par chumbakiy jhanjhavat (Magnetic Storms) utpann hote haian. isase chumbakiy suee ki disha badal jati hai, evan rediyo, talivijan, bijali chalit mashinoan mean g dab di utpann ho jati hai. soory ke chuanbakiy kshetr bahut majaboot hai (sthaliy manakoan ke dvara) aur bahut jatil hai. isaka heliyosphiyar bhi kahate hai jo plooto ke pare tak phaila hua hai.
- vah soory ka nirantar urja utpadan satat ek matra me nahi hota hai, na hi soory dhabbo ki gatividhi. 17vi shatabdi ke uttarardh me soory dhabbe apane nyunatam par the. isi samay me yurop me thand apratyashit roop se badh gayi thi. saur mandal ke janm ke bad se soory urja ka utpadan 40% badh gaya hai.
- prithvi se chandrama aur soory ek hi akar ke dikhaee dete hai. chandrama prithvi ki parikrama usi pratal me karata hai jis pratal me prithvi soory parikrama karati hai. is karan kabhi kabhi chandrama soory aur prithvi ke madhy a jata hai aur soory grahan hota hai. yah soory chandrama aur prithvi ka ek rekha me ana yadi purnatah na ho to chandrama soory ko aanshik roop se hi dhak pata hai haian, ise aanshik chandragrahan kahate hai. tino khagoliy pindo ke ek rekha me hone par chandrama soory ko poori tarah dhak leta hai jisase poorn sooryagrahan hota hai. aanshik sooryagrahan ek brihad kshetr me dikhayi deta hai lekin poorn sooryagrahan ek behad sankari patti (kuchh kimi) me dikhayi deta hai. haanlaanki yah patti hajaro kimi lambi ho sakati hai. sooryagrahan sal me ek ya do bar hota hai. poorn sooryagrahan dekhana ek adbhoot anubhav hai jab ap chandrama ki chhaya me kh de hote hai aur soory korona dekh sakate hai. pakshi ise rat ka samay sochakar sone ki taiyari karate hai.
- aantariksh yan yulisis se prapt aank do se pata chalata hai jab saur gatividhi apane nimn par hoti hai dhruviy kshetroan se pravahit saur vayoo doogani gati 750 kimi/sekand se bahati hai jo ki uchch akshaso me kam hoti hai. dhruviy kshetroan se pravahit saur vayoo ki sanrachana bhi alag hoti hai . saur gatividhi ke charam par yah yah apane madhyam gati par bahati hai.
- soory ki umr 4.5 biliyan varsh hai arthat soory 4.5 arab varsh poorana hai. usane apane pas ki kul haidrojan ka adha hissa prayog kar liya hai lekin isake pas agale 5 arab varsho ke liye paryapt iandhan hai arthat bhavishy mean soory ke dvara oorja dete rahane ka samay 1011 prakashavarsh hai. us samay usaki chamak lagabhag doogani ho jayegi. lekin atat: usaki haidrojan khatm ho jayegi aur vah ek lal mahadanav me badal jayega. us samay soory mangal ki kaksha tak phool jayega. prithvi nasht ho jayegi. shayad soory ki maut ek grahiy niharika ke roop me hogi.
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