जमशेद जी टाटा

jamashed ji tata
jamashedaji tata|200px|center
poora nam	jamashedaji nusiravanaji tata
janm	3 march, 1839
janm bhoomi	navaseri qasba, gujarat
mrityu	19 mee, 1904
mrityu sthan	jarmani
abhibhavak	nusiravanaji, jivanabaee
pati/patni	hira baee daboo
karm bhoomi	mumbee
karm-kshetr	udyogapati
bhasha	hindi, aangrezi
shiksha	grejuet
vidyalay	'elafiansatan k aaulej', mumbee
prasiddhi	mumbee ki shan taj mahal hotal ka nirman kiya.
vishesh yogadan	jamashedaji ne vaijnanik evan takaniki shiksha ke lie behatarin suvidhaean upalabdh karayian aur rashtr ko mahashakti banane ka marg dikhaya.
nagarikata	bharatiy
sanbandhit lekh	tata parivar, je. ar. di. tata, ratan tata, tata moolabhoot anusandhan sansthan
any janakari	jamashedaji tata vartaman mean bharat ke vishvaprasiddh audyogik gharane 'tata samooh' ke sansthapak the.
adyatan‎	3:23, 2 march, 2013 (IST)

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jamashedaji nusiravanaji tata (aangrezi: Jamsetji Tata, janm- 3 march, 1839, gujarat; mrityu- 19 mee, 1904, jarmani) bharat ke vishv prasiddh audyogik gharane "tata samooh" ke sansthapak the. bharatiy audyogik kshetr mean jamashedaji ne jo yogadan diya, vah asadharan aur bahut hi mahattvapoorn mana jata hai. unhoanne bharatiy audyogik vikas ka marg aise samay mean prashast kiya tha, jab us disha mean keval yooropiy, vishesh roop se aangrez hi kushal samajhe jate the. ianglaind ki apani pratham yatra se lautakar jamashedaji tata ne chianchapokali ki ek tel mil ko kataee-bunaee mil mean parivartit karake audyogik jivan ka sootrapat kiya tha. tata samrajy ke janak jamashedaji dvara kie gaye anek kary aj bhi logoan ko prerit evan vismit karate haian. bhavishy ko bhaanpane ki apani adbhut kshamata ke bal par hi unhoanne ek svanirbhar audyogik bharat ka sapana dekha tha. unhoanne vaijnanik evan takaniki shiksha ke lie behatarin suvidhaean upalabdh karayian aur rashtr ko mahashakti banane ke marg par agrasar kiya.

janm tatha shiksha

jamashedaji tata ka janm san 3 march, 1839 mean gujarat ke ek chhote-se kasbe navaseri mean hua tha. unaka parivar parasi pujariyoan ka tha. unake pita ka nam nusiravanaji tatha mata ka nam jivanabaee tata tha. parasi pujariyoan ke apane khanadan mean nusiravanaji pahale vyavasayi vyakti the. jamashedaji ka bhagy unhean matr chaudah varsh ki alpayu mean hi pita ke sath banbee (vartaman mumbee) le aya. yahaan unhoanne vyavasay mean qadam rakha. jamashedaji apani chhoti nazuk umr mean hi pita ka sath dene lage the. satrah varsh ki ayu mean jamashedaji ne 'elafiansatan k aaulej', mumbee mean pravesh le liya. isi k aaulej se ve do varsh bad 'grin sk aaular' ke roop mean uttirn hue. tatkalin samay mean yah upadhi grejuet ke barabar hua karati thi. kuchh samay bad inaka vivah hira baee daboo ke sath ho gaya.

vyavasayik jivan ki shuruat

sudoor poorv aur yoorop mean apane shuroo-shuroo ke vyaparik udyamoan ke bad jamashedaji tata ne varsh 1868 mean 29 sal ki umr mean 21 hazar rupaye ki pooanji ke sath ek niji pharm praranbh ki. ve kee bar mainachestar ja chuke the aur isi dauran unake man mean kap da mil shuroo karane ka vichar aya. apane kuchh dostoan ki sajhedari mean unhoanne ek purani tel mil kharidi aur use kap da mil mean badal diya aur phir do sal bad use munaphe par bech diya. isake bad jamashedaji ne apani mil us pradesh mean lagane ki sochi, jahaan kapas ki paidavar adhik hoti thi. is kary ke lie unhoanne nagapur ko chuna. varsh 1874 mean unhoanne apane dostoan ke samarthan se pandrah lakh rupaye ki pooanji se ek nee kanpani shuroo ki. kanpani ka nam rakha 'seantral iandiya spiniang, viviang eand mainuphaikchariang kanpani'. 1 janavari, 1877 ko is mil ne kary karana prarambh kiya. bad ke samay mean isaka nam badalakar 'impres mil' kar diya gaya.

vyaktitv

jamashedaji ke roop mean bharat ko ek aisa vyakti mil gaya tha, jisake pas nee-nee kalpanaean aur vichar the. jinhean vah vastavikata mean badal sakata tha. apane lakshyoan ko hasil karane mean unhoanne apani sanpada, anubhav aur pratishtha ka upayog kiya. apane sathiyoan ka poora sahayog adhikar bhav se prapt karane ka unamean ek asadharan gun tha. unaki dinacharya kafi savere shuroo ho jati thi. kabhi-kabhi ve mumbee ke samudri tat par tahalane nikal jate. tahalate-tahalate kabhi ve apane dostoan ke yahaan pahuanch jate. kee bar to unake dost sote hi rahate. nashte ke samay ve apane parivar, rishtedaroan aur mitroan se charcha karate the. madhyahv tak apane daphtar pahuanchane se pahale ve adhyayan aur lekhan kary avashy karate. daphtar ke bad ve apani gho daga di mean sair ke lie nikal p date, ya elaphianstan klab mean tash khelate aur batachit karate. vahaan se lautakar khana khate. achchha khana agar unaki kamazori thi to doosari or jnan ki unamean jabaradast pyas bhi vidyaman thi.

hotal taj ka nirman

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[[chitr:Hotel-Taj-Mumbai-1.jpg|thumb|300px|hotal taj, mumbee]] vishv prasiddh 'tajamahal hotal' sirf mumbee hi nahian balki sampoorn bharat mean khyatiprapt hai. 'tajamahal hotal' ke nirman ke pichhe ek rochak kahani chhupi huee hai. sinema ke janak lumayar bhaeeyoan ne apani khoj ke chh: mahinoan bad apani pahali film ka sho mumbee mean pradarshit kiya tha. vaise to ve aaustreliya ja rahe the, lekin bich raste mean unhoanne mumbee mean bhi sho rakhane ki bat sochi. 7 julaee, 1896 ko unhoanne mumbee ke tatkalin alishan votasan hotal mean apani chh: alag-alag filmoan ke sho ayojit kie. in sho ko dekhane ke lie matr british logoan ko hi amantrit kiya gaya tha, kyoanki votasan hotal ke bahar ek takhti lagi rahati thi, jis par likha hota tha ki "bharatiy aur kutte hotal mean nahian a sakate haian". 'tata samooh' ke jamashedaji tata bhi lumayar bhaeeyoan ki filmean dekhana chahate the, lekin unhean votasan hotal mean pravesh nahian mila. rangabhed ki is ghrinit niti ke khilaf unhoanne avaj bhi uthaee. is ghatana ke do sal bad hi votasan hotal ki sari shobha dhoomil kar de, ek aise bhavy 'tajamahal hotal' ka nirman jamashedaji ne shuroo karava diya. 1903 ee. mean yah ati suandar hotal banakar taiyar ho gaya. kuchh samay tak is hotal ke daravaze par ek takhti bhi latakati thi, jis par likha hota tha ki- "british aur billiyaan aandar nahian a sakatian. tatkalin mumbee mean taj hotal ki imarat bijali ki roshani vali pahali imarat thi, isilie isaki chakachauandh har kisi ko apani or akarshit karati thi. isaki ganana sansar ke sarvashreshth hotaloan mean ki jane lagi thi. jamashedaji ka yah udyam unake any udyamoan ki tulana mean bilkul alag tha. sach to yah tha ki ve ise udyog ki tarah chalana bhi nahian chahate the. isilie unhoanne kharch ka kabhi hisab bhi nahian lagaya.

sajagata ka gun

jamashedaji tata apana jnan badhane ke lie hamesha tatpar raha karate the. isake sath hi unake vyaktitv ka ek aur b da gun tha, aur vah tha- sajagata. jin dinoan mumbee mean janaleva pleg vikaral roop mean phaili, tab jamashedaji ne apane sab kam ek or rakh diye aur pleg ke vibhinn prakaroan ke itihas aur unake ilaj sanbandhi adhyayan mean jut gaye. ve janana chahate the ki is bhayanak bimari ke phailav ko kaise roka ja sakata hai. manaviy prayatnoan ke har kshetr par jamashedaji ne socha aur kam kiya, halaanki unaki yad mukhyat: rashtriy mahattv ki tin pariyojanaoan aur vikhyat 'tajamahal hotal' ke nirmata ke roop mean ki jati hai. jamashedaji jab bhi videsh jate, adhikatar kharidadari khud hi karate. yoorop mean jo bhi shreshth vastuean mil sakati thian, unhean jamashedaji ne kharida aur taj par nyochhavar kar diya.

videsh yatraean

apani yuvavastha mean hi jamashedaji ne chin, sudoor poorv deshoan, yoorop, madhy poorv aur uttari amerika tak ki yatra ki thi. unhoanne apani in yatraoan ka labh videshoan mean ispat karakhanoan, koyala khanoan aur any kism ke karakhanoan ka adhyayan karane ki drishti se uthaya. jab ve fraans mean the to unhoanne resham ke ki de palane ki vidhi ka adhyayan kiya. jab ve 1893 mean japan gaye to japaniyoan ko resham ki kheti ke bare mean prayog karane ke lie amantrit kiya. jalavayu ke khyal se unhoanne maisoor ko chuna aur resham udyog ko phir se jivit kiya.

dridh nishchayi

varsh 1886 mean jamashedaji ne ek 'peanshan phand' praranbh kiya aur 1885 mean hi ve durghatanagrast logoan ko muavaja dene lage. unaki 'impres mil' ne yah dikha diya tha ki unaki nigah sirf munaphe par nahian thi, unake sath kam karane vale log bhi unake lie mahattvapoorn the. 1886 mean to ve ek aisi mil kharidane ka irada karane lage, jo us kshetr ke kee maharathiyoan ke lie haniprad siddh huee thi. is samay tak jamashedaji 47 varsh ke ho chuke the. unhoanne ek bekar mil ko chalane ki chunauti svikar kar li. 'rashtriy svadeshi aandolan' ki shuruat ka sanket dene ke lie mil ka nam 'svadeshi mils' rakha gaya tha. bharatiy sheyar holdaroan se ise bhari samarthan mila. unhoanne jamashedaji ke kam mean khushi-khushi pooanji lagayi.

mazadooroan ke chiantak

ek udyogapati ke roop mean jamashedaji ki pratishtha badhati ja rahi thi. ve apane udyog ko jivit rakhane ke sangharsh mean kafi vyast rahate the aur svasthy ki dekhabhal ke lie samay nahian nikal pate the, phir bhi shramikoan ke svasthy ke bare mean sochane ke lie unake pas kafi samay tha. ganda pani aksar bimari ki j d hota hai. isalie unhoanne jal ke shuddhikaran ke lie ek plaant bhi lagavaya. anaj ki ek dukan mazadooroan ke lie kholi gee. isake bad unake lie ek aspatal bhi khul gaya. vastr udyog mean unake do udyamoan ko kamayabi mil chuki thi. lekin munaphe ke lie aur zyada milean lagane ke bajay unhoanne ek alag rasta chuna. ve bharat ko b de paimane par ispat aur jalavidyut dena chahate the, jabaki in udyamoan mean achchha khasa jokhim tha. ooanche darje ke prabandhan kushalataoan ki zaroorat thi aur munaphe ki gati bhi dukhadayi roop se bahut hi kam thi.

svami vivekanand se bheant

jamashedaji tata ke sath svami vivekanand ka pratham sakshatkar us samay hua, jab vah ek sadharan sannyasi ke roop mean bina kisi parichay patr ke amerika mean ayojit 'shikago dharmasabha' mean bhag lene ja rahe the. japan ke iyakohama se vah jis jahaz se yatra kar rahe the, usamean jamashedaji tata bhi the. svamiji ne jamashedaji se kaha ki- "ve kyoan japan se diyasalaee kharid kar apane desh mean bechate haian aur japan ko paisa dete haian. isamean labhaansh to koee khas hota nahian. isase achchha to yahi hota ki apane hi desh mean diyasalaee ka karakhana hota. isase unhean labh bhi kafi hota, das logoan ka bharan-poshan bhi hota aur desh ka rupaya desh mean hi rah jata." lekin jamashedaji ne unako vibhinn prakar ki asuvidhaoan ki janakari dekar unase asahamati jahir ki. un dinoan tata ki japani diyasalaee ki desh mean atyadhik maang thi. 30 varsh ka ek anajan yuva sadhu jamashedaji jaise ek vikhyat vyavasayi ko upadesh de raha ho, yah ghatana ashcharyajanak hote hue bhi svamiji ke prabhavakari vyaktitv ki tasvir prastut karati hai, kyoanki any jagahoan ki tarah yahaan bhi svamiji ko kisi parichay patr ki avashyakata kadapi nahian huee. is sandarbh mean paravartikal mean jamashedaji ne sistar nivedita se kaha tha ki- "svamiji jab japan mean the, tab jo koee unhean dekhata buddh se unaka sadrishy pakar ashcharyachakit rah jata tha." isake bad jamashedaji se svamiji ki bheant phir kab evan kahaan huee, is sandarbh mean aisa kaha jata hai ki svamiji jab japan mean diyasalaee ka karakhana dekhane gaye the, tab jamashedaji se unaka pratham parichay hua. svami balaramanand ke anusar sanbhav hai japan ke iyakohama shahar mean 'oriyantal hotal restoreant' pravas ke dauran unaka pratham parichay hua ho. jo bhi ho, isamean koee sandeh nahian ki unaki ameriki yatra ke dauran iyakohama se veankular tak ki yatra mean pani ke jahaz par jamashedaji se svamiji ki ghanishthata huee thi.

bharat mean uchch shiksha ke pakshadhar

san 1893 mean buddh svaroop svami vivekanand ki shakti jab amerika mean prajjvalit huee to 'shikago vishvadharm mahasammelan' ke madhyam se us samay jamashedaji bhi unaki taraf akrisht hue the. bharat mean ane ke bad jab bharatiyoan ne unhean shraddha ke sarvochch sthan par baithaya, tab bhi svamiji ke prabhav se jamashedaji achhoote nahian rahe. usake bad unake jivan mean achanak ek badalav aya. vah bharat mean snatakottar shiksha ke lie ek pratishthan sthapit karane ke uddeshy se kisi ek upayukt roop se susangathit kameti ke hathoan kuchh bhoo-sampatti dena chahate the. unhoanne bharat mean vishvavidyalay shiksha ki agragati hetu vichar karana shuroo kiya. unhoanne desh mean chhatroan ke shodh-kary hetu shodh sansthaoan ki sthapana evan usake lie granthagaroan ki vyavastha, jahaan par chhatr prakhyat shikshakoan ke adhinasth shodh kary kar sakean, adi par gahara chiantan praranbh kiya. apane uparokt prastav ke poorv unhoanne yoorop mean prathamik khoj-khabar le li thi tatha ianglaind evan any vishvavikhyat vaijnanikoan se salah mashavara bhi kar liya tha. jamashedaji ka yah prastav us samay aya, jab aangrez shasit bharat mean shiksha ke prasar par aankush lagane ki sarakari vyavastha ho rahi thi. bharat ke shikshit samuday mean jamashedaji ka yah prastav ganbhir chiantan ka vishay bana. sachamuch yah ek sahasi kadam tha.

aangrezoan ki chal

aangrez bharat mean uchch shiksha ke khilaf the. ve apana kam chalane tak hi logoan ki shiksha ko simit rakhana chahate the. maulikata ke sath us shiksha ka koee sanbandhi nahian tha. desh ki sanpada vriddhi se bhi isaka koee sarokar nahian tha. in paristhitiyoan mean jamashedaji uchch shiksha ke lie arth sahayata dekar ek bahut b da sahasi kadam uthane ja rahe the, jise shikshit samaj ne kafi saraha. lekin jamashedaji ke is prastav ko rokane ke lie tatkalin aangrez sarakar bahut hi chalakipoorn evan nimnashreni ke ravaiye apanane se nahian chooki. l aaurd karzan ne jamashedaji ke is prastav ke prati apani poorn sahanubhooti jatate hue kee mamaloan mean ise saphal hone mean sandeh jahir kiya, jaise- isake lie yatheshth chhatr mileange ya nahian, shiksha samapti ke uparant un l dakoan ko naukari milegi ya nahian ityadi. sarakari virodh se jamashedaji ko bahut dhakka laga. sarakari taur par isamean aur adhik arth ki avashyakata bataee gee. aant mean harakar jamashedaji ne is prastav ko vapas lene par vichar shuroo kar diya, jabaki desh ke sare buddhijivi nirash hokar aanrtanad karane lage, kyoanki unaki drishti mean bharat ka vikas praudyogik vikas par bahut had tak adharit tha.

svami vivekanand jamashedaji ke is prastav ke bahut hi agrahi the. vah vyakulata se apane jivan svapn ko roopayit hote dekhana chah rahe the. vah janate the ki is desh ka utthan keval krishi se hi sanbhav nahian hai, balki audyogikikaran ki bhi avashyakata hai. vah desh mean shilp udyogoan ki sthapana karana chahate the. vah sannyasiyoan ka ek dal banakar is kary ko age badhana chahate the, taki desh ki janata ki arthik dasha sudhare. amerika bharat mean prachar ke lie dharm shikshakoan ko n bhejakar shilp shikshakoan ko bheje, adhunik bharatavarsh mean samajikata evan shilp shiksha ki avashyakata hai, aisa svamiji ne amerika mean kaha tha. ho sakata hai ki svamiji ne apani yatra ke dauran desh hitaishi vyavasayi jamashedaji ko bharat mean shilp-shiksha pradan karane ki apani kalpana se poornaroopen avagat karaya ho aur usi ke prabhav se jamashedaji ne risarch ianstityoot kholane ki parikalpana ki ho.

jamashedaji ka patr

vivekanand ji ke sath paanch varsh poorv huee apani mulakat ko taja karate hue jamashedaji tata ne unhean 23 navambar, 1898 ko ek patr likha tha ki- "bharat mean vaijnanik shodh hetu ek shodh sansthan kholane sanbandhi meri parikalpana se ap avashy avagat hoange. is sandarbh mean maian apake chintan evan bhavadhara mean jane ki bat gaharaee se soch raha hooan. mujhe aisa lagata hai ki kuchh tyagavrati manushy yadi ashram jaise avasiy sthal mean anadanbar jivan yapan kar, prakritik evan manavik vijnan ki charcha mean apane jivan ko utsarg kar dean to isase b da tyag ka adarsh aur doosara nahian ho sakata." jamashedaji ne yah samajha tha ki unaki parikalpana sirf paise se sakar nahian ho sakati, manushy chahie aur is sanbandh mean manushyoan ka ahvan kar unhean jagane mean svamiji hi saksham ho sakate haian. at: janasadharan ke unnayan ke lie unhoanne svamiji se agnimay vani sankalit kar ek pustika ke roop mean prakashit karane ka agrah kiya tha, jisaka poora vyay vah dene ko taiyar the.

sarvadharm premi

ispat karakhane ki sthapana ke lie sthan ka aantim roop se chayan hone ke thik paanch sal pahale hi yani 1902 mean unhoanne videsh se apane putr dorab ko likha tha ki- "unake sapanoan ka ispat nagar kaisa hoga". unhoanne likha tha ki- "is bat ka dhyan rakhana ki s dakean chau di hoan. unake kinare tezise badhane vale chhayadar pe d lagaye jaean. is bat ki bhi savadhani baratana ki bag-bagichoan ke lie kafi jagah chho di jaye. phutab aaul, h aauki ke lie bhi kafi sthan rakhana. hinduoan ke mandiroan, muslimoan ki masjidoan tatha eesaeeyoan ke girajoan ke lie niyat jagah mat bhoolana."

mrityu

jamashedaji tata ne 19 mee, 1904 ko jarmani ke badanauhaim mean apane jivan ki aantim saansean lian. apane akhiri dinoan mean putr dorab aur parivar ke najadiki logoan se unhoanne us kam ko age badhate rahane ke lie kaha, jisaki unhoanne shuruat ki thi. unake yogy uttaradhikariyoan ne kam ko sirf jari hi nahian rakha, balki use phailaya bhi. jamashedaji ki mrityu ke bad sar dorab tata, unake chachere bhaee je. ar. di. tata, burajoraji padashah aur any logoan ne tata udyog ko age badhaya. jamashedaji ne kaha tha ki- "agar kisi desh ko age badhana hai to usake asahay aur kamazor logoan ko sahara dena hi sab kuchh nahian hai. samaj ke sarvottam aur pratibhashali logoan ko ooancha uthana aur unhean aisi sthiti mean pahuanchana bhi zaroori hai, jisase ki ve desh ki mahanh seva karane layaq ban sakean."

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

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