रसखान के मुक्तक

hindi sahity mean krishna bhakt tatha ritikalin kaviyoan mean rasakhan ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai. 'rasakhan' ko ras ki khan kaha jata hai. rasakhan ke muktak kavy taratamy ke bandhan se mukt hone ke karan (mukten muktakamh) muktak kahalata hai aur usaka pratyek pad svat: poorn hota hai. 'muktak' vah svachchhand rachana hai jisake ras ka udrek karane ke lie anubandh ki avashyakata nahian. vastav mean muktak kavy ka mahattvapoorn roop hai, jisamean kavyakar pratyek chhand mean aise svatantr bhavoan ki srishti karata hai, jo apane ap mean poorn hote haian.

muktak

muktak kavy ke praneta ko apane bhavoan ko vyakt karane ke lie any sahayak chhandoan ki avashyakata adhik nahian hoti. prabandh kavy ki apeksha muktak rachana ke lie katha ki avashyakata adhik hoti hai, kyoanki kavy roop ki drishti se muktak mean n to kisi vastu ka varnan hi hota hai aur n vah gey hai. yah jivan ke kisi ek paksh ka athava kisi ek drishy ka ya prakriti ke kisi paksh vishesh ka chitr matr hota hai. isi se kavyakar ko prabandh kavy ki apeksha saphal muktakoan ki srishti ke lie adhik kaushal ki avashyakata p dati hai. poorva par prasangoan ki paravah kiye bina sookshm evan marmik khand drishy athava anubhooti ko saphalatapoorvak prastut karane vali us rachana ko muktak kavy ke nam se abhihit kiya jata hai- jisamean n to katha ka vyapak pravah rahata hai aur n hi usamean kramanusar kisi katha ko sajakar varnan karane ka agrah hota hai, balki muktak kavy mean sookshmatisookshm marmik bhavoan ki abhivyakti hoti hai jo svayan mean poorn tatha apekshakrit laghu rachana hoti hai.

muktak ke prakar

vishay ke adhar par muktak ko tin vargoan mean baanta gaya hai- shrriangar parak, vir rasatmak tatha niti parak. svaroop ke adhar par muktak ke git, prabandh muktak, vishayapradhan, sanghat muktak, ekarth prabandh tatha muktak prabandh adi bhed kiye ja sakate haian.

rasakhan dvara prayukt muktak

rasakhan ka uddeshy kisi khand kavy ya mahakavy ki rachana n tha. premomang ke is kavi ko to apane marmik udgaroan ki abhivyakti karani thi. usake lie muktak se achchha madhyam aur kya ho sakata tha. rasakhan ne apane komal marmik bhavoan-roopi pushpoan se muktak-roopi guladaste ko saza diya. rasakhan ne shrriangar muktak tatha svatantr muktak ke roop mean hi kavy ki rachana ki.

shrriangar muktak

shrriangar parakamuktakoan ke aantargat aihikataparak rachanaean ati haian jinamean adhikatar nayak-nayika ki shrriangari cheshtaean, bhav bhangima tatha sanket sthaloan ka saral varnan hota hai. milan kal ki madhur kri da tatha viyog ke kshanoan mean baithe aansoo girana athava virah ki ushnata se dharati aur asaman ko jalana adi atyuktipoorn rachanaean shrriangar muktak ke aantargat hi hoti hai. nayak-nayikaoan ki sanyog-viyog avasthaoan tatha vibhinn rrituoan ka varnan shrriangari muktakakaroan ne kiya hai. rasakhan ke kavy mean shrriangar ke darshan hote haian. unhoanne shrriangar-muktak mean sundar padyoan ki rachana ki hai. mohan ke man bhai gayau ik bhai sau gvalin godhan gayau.
takoan lagyau chat, chauhat so duri auchak gat sauan gat chhuvayau.
rasakhani lahi ini chaturata rahi jab lauan ghar ayau.
nain nachai chitai musakai su ot hvai jai aangootha dikhayau. [[chitr:raskhan-2.jpg|rasakhan ke dohe, mahavan, mathura|thumb|250px]] akhiyaan akhiyaan sauan sakai milai hilai rijhai hiyo haribo.
batiyaan chit chauran chetak si ras charoo charitran oocharibau.
rasakhani ke pran sudha bharibo adharan pai tyoan adhara adhibau.
itane sab main ke mohani jantr pai mantr basikar si karibau॥

navarang anang bhari chhabi soan vah moorati aankhi g di hi rahai.
batiyaan man ki man hi mean rahai, ghatiya un bich a di hi rahai.
tabahooan rasakhani sujan ali nalini dal booand p di hi rahai.
jiy ki nahian janat hauan sajani rajani aansuvan l di hi rahai.

svatantr muktak

kosh muktak ki bhaanti hi svatantr muktak vishuddh muktak kavy ka ek aang athava bhed hai. jisake lie n to sankhya ka bandhan hai aur n ek prakar ke chhandoan ka hi. balki kavi ki lekhani se tatkal nikale pratyek phutakar chhand ko svatantr muktak ki sanjna di ja sakati hai. svatantr muktak kavy ke lie prem shrriangar, niti tatha vir ras adi koee bhi vishay chuna ja sakata hai. rasakhan ne adhikaansh rachana svatantr muktak ke roop mean ki. unhoanne bhakti evan shrriangar sanbandhi muktak likhe.
mor-pakha sir oopar rakhihau guanj ki mal gare pahirauangi.
odhi pitanbar lai lakuti ban godhan gvarani sang phirauangi.
bhav to vohi mero rasakhani so tere kahe sab svaang karauangi.
ya murali muralidhar ki adharan dhari adharan dharauangi॥

rasakhan dvara rachit kavitt savaiye muktak rachana ki vibhinn kasautiyoan par poornanroop se khare utarate haian. pratyek chhand apane mean ek ikaee hai. char panktiyoan mean sanpoorn chitr ka nirman b di kushalata se kiya gaya hai. chitratmakata, bhavatirek aur ukti vaidagdh ka yah samanjasy atyant durlabh hai.
dhoori bhare ati sobhit syamajoo taisi bani sir suandar choti.
khelat khat phirai aangana pag paijani bajati piri kachhoti.
va chhabi ko rasakhani bilokat varat kam kala nij koti.
kag ke bhag b de sajani hari hathasoan le gayau makhan roti॥

rasakhan ki rachanaoan ke anushilan se yah spashtataya siddh hota hai ki ve muktak rachanaoan ke kavi haian. vastut: krishna-bhakt kaviyoan ki yah ek avekshaniy visheshata rahi hai ki unhoanne prabandh rachana mean ruchi nahian dikhaee. isaka mool karan yah tha ki unaki drishti bhagavan krishna ki sauandary moorti par hi kendrit thi, shakti aur shil par nahian. rasakhan svabhav se hi sauandaryopasak aur premi jiv the. at: unamean bhi is pravritti ka paya jana sarvatha svabhavik tha. apane prem vihval chitr ke bhavoan ki pravahamayi aur premotpadak vyanjana ke lie muktak ka madhyam hi adhik upayukt tha. rasakhan mean apani svanubhooti ki marmik abhivyakti ke lie muktak ke is madhyam ka asadharan saphalata ke sath prayog kiya hai. muktak ke lie praudh, praanjal tatha samasayukt bhasha avashyak hai. muktak ke chhote se kalevar mean bhavoan ka sagar bharane ke lie is prakar ki bhasha ko uttam kaha gaya hai. rasakhan ki bhasha mridul, manjul, aur gati poorn hote hue bhi bojhil nahian hai. usamean vyakt ek-ek chitr amar hai. sanupras shabdoan se bhasha ki gatipoorn lay mean aantarik sangit dhvanit hota hai. aveg ki tivrata ke dvara komal prabhav ki abhivyanjana hoti hai. sadharan muktak kavy ki gitatmakata mean hriday ko jhankrit kar dene ki shakti hai. rasakhan ke muktakoan ki sabase b di visheshata hai, bhav evan abhivyanjana ki ekatanata, jo unhean giti kavy ke nikat la deti hai.