वनस्पति विज्ञान
vanaspati vijnan (aangrezi: Botany) jiv vijnan ki hi ek shakha hai jisamean padapoan ka adhyayan kiya jata hai. jiv jantuoan ya kisi bhi jivit vastu ke adhyayan ko jiv vijnan ya bayoloji kahate haian. is vijnan ki mukhyatah do shakhaean haian- prani vijnan, jisamean jantuoan ka adhyayan hota hai aur vanaspati vijnan ya padap vijnan, jisamean padapoan ka adhyayan hota hai.
parichay
samany arth mean jivadhariyoan ko do pramukh vargoan- praniyoan aur padapoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai. donoan mean anek samanataean haian. donoan ki sharir rachanaean koshikaoan aur ootakoan se bani haian. donoan ke jivan kary mean b di samanata hai. unaka janan bhi sadrishy hai. unaki shvasan kriya bhi lagabhag ek si hai. padap praniyoan se kuchh mamaloan mean bhinn bhi hote haian. jaise padapoan mean parnaharit namak hara padarth rahata hai, jo praniyoan mean nahian paya jata. padapoan ki koshika bhittiyaan mukhyatah seluloj namak karbohaidret ki bani hoti haian, jabaki praniyoan mean koshika bhittiyaan samanyatah payi hi nahian jatian. adhikaansh padapoan mean gamanashilata nahian hoti, jo prani chalane mean saksham hote haian.
upayogita
vanaspatiyaan dharati par jivan ke moolabhoot aansh haian. vanaspatiyaan aauksijan chho dati haian. manav evan any jantuoan ka bhojan unase hi milata hai. vanaspatiyoan se reshe (phaibar), eeandhan, aushadhiyaan prapt hotian hai. prakash sanshleshan ki kriya dvara paudhe karban daeeaksaid sokhate haian. pe doan se hi imarati lak diyaan evan any sanrachanaoan ke nirman ke lie lak di milati hai.
shakhaean
padap vijnan ke samuchit adhyayan ke liye ise anek shakhaoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai, jinamean nimnalikhit pramukh haian-
- padap akariki - isake aantargat padap mean akar, banavat ityadi ka adhyayan hota hai. akariki aantar ho sakati hai ya bahy.
- koshikanuvanshiki - isake aantargat koshika ke aandar ki sabhi chijoan ka, koshika tatha keandrak ke vibhajan ki vidhiyoan ka tatha paudhe kis prakar apane jaise gunoan vali nee pidhiyoan ko janm dete haian ityadi ka, adhyayan hota hai.
- padap paristhitiki - isake aantargat padapoan aur unake vatavaran ke apasi sanbandh ka adhyayan hota hai. isamean paudhoan ke samajik jivan, bhaugolik vistar tatha any milati julati chijoan ka bhi adhyayan kiya jata hai.
- padap sharir-kriya-vijnan - isake aantargat jivan kriyaoan ka brihath roop se adhyayan hota hai.
- bhroonavijnan - isake aantargat laiangik janan ki vidhi mean jab se yugmak banate haian aur garbhadhan ke pashchath bhroon ka poora vistar hota hai tab tak ki dashaoan ka adhyayan kiya jata hai.
- vikas - isake aantargat prithvi par nana prakar ke prani ya padap kis tarah aur kab pahale pahal paida hue hoange aur kin any jivoan se unaki utpatti ka sanbandh hai, isaka adhyayan hota hai.
- arthik padap vijnan - isake aantargat paudhoan ki upayogita ke sanbandh mean adhyayan hota hai.
- padapashmavijnan - isake aantargat ham un paudhoan ka adhyayan karate haian jo is prithvi par hajaroan, lakhoan ya karo doan varsh poorv ugate the par ab nahian ugate. unake avashesh hi ab chattanoan ya prithvi staroan mean dabe yatr tatr pae jate haian.
- vargikaran ya kramabaddh padap vijnan - isake aantargat paudhoan ke vargikaran ka adhyayan karate haian. padap sangh, varg, gan, kul ityadi mean vibhajit kie jate haian.
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